1. ACTIONS TAKEN DURING THE COLD WAR
1) The Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine of Containment on the 12th of March 1947. This effectively stated
America's position against the Soviet Union, although indirectly. Furthermore, it pledged
American support for the free peoples of Europe. It became the basis of US foreign
policy during the Cold War and led to the Marshall Plan.
2) Marshall Plan
General George Marshall proposed the Marshall Plan to the American Congress on the
5th of June 1947, suggesting that economic aid be given to Europe (it was offered to
Russia but they rejected it and subsequently prevented any Eastern European nations
accepting). The intention was to support the struggling economies of the European
nations after WWII, thus preventing the unstable conditions that gave birth to the Nazi
regime in the 1930s from happening again. It also had the political motive of expanding
US markets and leading to a prosperous Western Europe which would, in turn, be less
susceptible to communist ideology. Finally, it was the method with which America
attempted to enforce the Truman Doctrine. The first payment was approved by the US
Congress in 1948.
3) NAM
formed as an attempt to prevent the Cold War it has struggled to find relevance
since the Cold War ended.
The attending nations declared their desire not to become involved in the Cold
War and adopted a "declaration on promotion of world peace and cooperation",
After CW, it was forced to redefine itself and reinvent its purpose in the current
world system
4) NATO
established under the North Atlantic Treaty (Apr. 4, 1949) by Belgium, Canada,
Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, and the United States.
one of the major Western countermeasures against the threat of aggression by
the Soviet Union during the cold war, was aimed at safeguarding the freedom of
the North Atlantic community

2. 5) WARSAW PACT
HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION
state's use of "military force against another state when the chief publicly
declared aim of that military action is ending human-rights violations being
perpetrated by the state against which it is directed.
characteristic:
a) involves the threat and use of military forces as a central feature
b) it entails interfering in the internal affairs of a state by sending military forces
into the territory or airspace of a sovereign state that has not committed an
act of aggression against another state.
c) in response to situations that do not necessarily pose direct threats to states’
strategic interests, but instead is motivated by humanitarian objectives.
CASE: KOSOVO
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
marked the second major combat operation in its history, following the 1995
NATO bombing campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina
been critic as it too soon n too much due to the number of civilian losses
in the beginning, it was to prevent humanitarian catastrophe ; if not prevented, it
will spread to several neighboring states i.e Macedonia, Albania n Bulgaria.
Objective:
 to end all military action and the immediate termination of violence and repressive
activities by the Milosevic government;
 Withdrawal of all hostile military, police and paramilitary forces from Kosovo;
 Stationing of UN peacekeeping presence in Kosovo;
 Unconditional and safe return of all refugees and displaced persons;
 Establishment of a political framework agreement for Kosovo based on Rambouillet
Accords, in conformity with international law and the Charter of the United Nations.