This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts related to computers. It defines what a computer is, what a program is, and differentiates between computer architecture and computer organization. It outlines objectives to understand how computers are used in daily life and potential career opportunities in computer-related fields. A brief history of computers is also provided, from early mechanical calculators to modern electronic digital computers like ENIAC and EDVAC.

1. Introduction
Chapter 1: Part I

2. Contents
• What is computer?
• What is program?
• What is computer organization?
• What is computer architecture?
• What are job opportunities in computer
related field?
• Who invented the computer?

3. Objectives
• At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
– Define the term “computer”.
– Define the term “program”.
– Identify the existence and the utilization of computer in
daily life.
– Define computer architecture and computer organization
– Differentiate between computer architecture and
computer organization
– Identify job opportunities in computer-related fileds.
– Explain computer history

4. What is Computer?
• A computer is ……..
– An electronic device
– Programmable machine
– Receive input, perform processes, provide
output
– Execute tasks
• How can we recognize a computer?
– Physical features
– Physical behaviors

5. What is Computer?
• Examples of computer…
– Daily live
– Business and Commercial
– Science and Technology
– Communications and Transportations

6. What is “Program”?
• Program is…
– A collection of instructions
– A collection of statements
– A collection of steps or procedures
…written in computer language to
– Solve problems
– Perform special tasks

7. What is “Program”?
• Example of computer programs…
– Software …will be discussed during next chapter

8. What is computer organization?
• Computer organization is…
– Operational units and their interconnections

9. What is computer architecture?
• Computer architecture is…
– Attributes of a system visible to a programmer
– Attributes of a system which have direct impact
on the logical execution of a program.

10. Organization vs. Architecture
• Situation I
– Computer manufacturers produce same
computer architecture with different
organization.

11. What are job opportunities in
computer related field?
• You can be a…
– Programmer
– System analyst
– System Administrator
– Web Designer/Developer
– Database Administrator
– Network Engineer
– Computer Engineer
– IS Consultant
– Computer Security Consultant/Specialist
– …

12. Who invented the computer?
• The story were:
– Abacus
– Mechanical Machine
– Electronic Machine

13. Who invented the computer?
• Blaise Pascal – 1642
• French mathematician
• Invented a calculating
machine to help his
father, who served as
Royal Tax
Commissioner

14. Who invented the computer?
• Gottfried Leibniz
• German mathematician
• Invented the first true
multiplying calculator in
1670s based on Pascal
machine.

15. Who invented the computer?
• Joseph-Marie Jacquard
• French silk weaver
• Invented the Jacquard
Loom that weaved
complex designs in
1801

16. Who invented the computer?
• Charles Babbage
• An English
mathematician,
philosopher,
mechanical engineer
• Originated the idea of a
programmable
computer in 1820.

17. The London Science Museum's replica Difference Engine, built
from Babbage's design.

18. Who invented the computer?
• Herman Hollerith
• An American
statistician
• Invented a mechanical
tabulator based on
punched cards in order
to rapidly tabulate
statistics from millions
of pieces of data in
1890.

19. Who invented the computer?
• ENIAC
– Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.
– The first large-scale, electronic, digital computer
– Reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing
problems.
– Designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the
University of Pennsylvania in 1943.
– Modern PC with 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal
diodes, 1,500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors
and around 5 million hand-soldered joints

20. Who invented the computer?

21. Who invented the computer?
• EDVAC
– Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer.
– A binary computer with automatic addition,
subtraction, multiplication, programmed division
and automatic checking.
– Designed with 6,000 vacuum tubes and 12,000
diodes, and consumed 56 kW of power.

22. Who invented the computer?

23. End of Chapter 1 Part I