1. REVIEWS
Wlodkowski (1999) targeted to young pupils of 6-7 years, has been reported to
improve motivation, with students displaying high levels of attention and
concentration.
Belt (2001) documents that the implementation of wireless technologies in the
educational milieu increases learner participation, with students appearing
more engaged in the learning process.
Rodríguez, Nussbaum , Zuria , Rosas & Lagos (2001) Study involving 12-year
olds who had shown signs of drug abuse and other social problems,
demonstrated that the use of mobile internet has improved their voluntary
attendance at class. According to their study they spend much time on social
networking sites and play online games which divert their minds.
According to Whilst Belt and Perry (2003) concur that providing wireless
technologies augments students’ enthusiasm, the noted increase in learner
participation and enthusiasm may be partially explained by the novelty factor
of having a new technology with which to play. Belt (2001) explains that once
the novelty has worn off, students come to see mobile devices as working
tools.
According to Vahey and Crawford (2003) educators report that learners using
handheld wireless technologies demonstrate increased autonomy in learning,
manifesting improved self-directedness and initiative in finding diverse ways to
employ handheld devices which are beneficial to learning.

2. Perry (2003) British Educational Communications and Technology Agency, are
unanimous that their students were excited and highly motivated upon the
commencement of using handheld devices.
According to Barker, Krull, and Mallison (2005) the impacts of wireless
technologies on education clearly encompass issues of motivation.
According to W. Chigona, G. Kamkwenda and S. Manjoo (2008)
Respondents indicated that they only used cafés if they would like to print
documents or to access their university examination results since it was
difficult to interact with and read the page via mobile Internet. One
respondent would consider using Internet cafés only ‘if in a remote area'
where there was no mobile phone coverage. Only one respondent indicated
they preferred an Internet café as they liked 'the feel of the machine' and does
not believe that mobile Internet is 'real enough'. However, this was an
exception.
Mobile Internet was seen as more affordable than sending SMS or calling. The
majority of respondents stated that they preferred to chat online rather than
to send an SMS or to call. Chatting 'just costs a few cents'. A respondent sent
free SMSs from the Internet via a mobile phone
According to Alex Comninos(2010) More people in Africa have mobile phones
than computers or fixed-line internet connections. As more mobile phones
become connected to the internet many development opportunities arise. For
many, mobile internet access has become the norm, rather than the exception
with regards to internet use. The International Telecommunication Union
reported that during the third-quarter of 2009, the number of people in Africa
accessing the internet through a mobile phone connection became higher than
the amount of people accessing the internet through a fixed line connection. In

3. 2010 it was predicted by a Morgan Stanley analyst that within five years, there
would be more mobile internet users than desktop users in the whole world.
According to Andrew Kohut, Richard Wike, Juliana Menasce Horowitz, Katie
Simmons, Jacob Poushter, Cathy Barker (2011) Consistently, young people are
more likely to use their cell phones for functions other than phone calls and
they are much more likely to become involved in social networking. For
instance, in nearly all countries, people ages 18 to 29 are more likely than
those 50 or older to access the internet on their mobile phone. This is
especially true in Japan, where 78% of mobile phone users ages 18 to 29
regularly use their cell phones to access the internet, compared with only 20%
of those 50 or older. Similarly, in the U.S., 73% of 18-29 year-olds use their cell
phone for the internet, compared with 49% of 30-49 year- olds and 21% of
those 50 or older.
According to Nana Yaw Asabere, Samuel Edusah Enguah, Edwin Mends-Brew
(2012) Mobile Devices embody the convergence of several technologies that
lend themselves to educational use, including electronic book readers,
annotation tools, applications for creation and composition, and social
networking tools. Characteristics of mobile devices such as Global Positioning
System (GPS) allows sophisticated location and positioning, accelerometers
and motion sensors enable the device to be used in completely new ways,
digital capture and editing bring rich tools for video, audio, and imaging.
Innovation in mobile device development continues at an unprecedented pace
According to Mary Madden, Amanda Lenhart, Maeve Duggan, Sandra Cortesi
Fellow (March 2013) Many teens have a variety of internet-connected devices
in their lives; the cell phone has become the primary means by which 25% of
those ages 12-17 access the internet. Among teens who are mobile internet

4. users, that number rises to one in three (33%). Among teen Smartphone
owners, 50% say they use the internet mostly via their cell phone.
According to Puja Ganguly (2013) study conducted by TCS over more than
17,000 students in India, highlights various startling facts about “Generation Y”
and how they are adopting Internet and get expose to information access.
While 72% students access Internet from Home, penetration of mobile
Internet is also on the rise as nearly one fifth of students are making use of
mobile Internet, reducing their dependencies on School and Cyber Café.
According to Giovanna Mascheroni – Kjartan Ólafsson (2013) In India children
who use a Smartphone or a tablet to go online is the higher rate of download
of apps: 25% of children aged 9-12 who use a Smartphone to go online, and
23% of those who use a tablets report downloading free apps on a daily basis.
The numbers raise to 45% and 51% of teenagers who are Smartphone or tablet
users respectively. This finding, then, points again to the need of age-
appropriate services across all platforms.