This document discusses iontophoresis, which is the introduction of ions into the body using direct electrical current to transport ions across membranes or into tissues. It is a painless, sterile technique that can positively impact healing. Iontophoresis uses generators to produce a constant current that drives positively or negatively charged ions into tissues from the anode or cathode respectively. Treatment duration is typically 10-20 minutes at a low current intensity of 3-5 mA depending on electrode size, with the goal of delivering medication transdermally at a therapeutic level over an extended period.

1. IONTOPHORESIS
Technical Seminar……….

2. Meaning: What “Iontophoresis” means..?
Pharmacokinetics of Ion-Transfer.
Movement of Ions in Solution.
Iontophoresis Generators.
Current Intensity.
Treatment Duration.
Selecting the Appropriate Ions.

3. What actually “Iontophoresis” means…..??
Introduction of Ions Into The Body Using Direct Electrical
Current.
Transports Ions Across A Membrane Or Into a Tissue.
It is a Painless, Sterile, Non-Invasive Technique.
Demonstrated To Have A Positive Effect On The Healing Process.

4. Transdermal Iontophoresis delivers medication at a
constant rate so that the effective plasma concentration
remains within a therapeutic window for an extended
period of time.
Therapeutic window: The plasma concentrations of a drug
which should fall between a minimum concentration
necessary for a therapeutic effect and the maximum
effective concentration above which adverse effects may
possibly occur.

5. Iontophoresis appears to overcome the resistive properties of the skin to
charged ions.
Iontophoresis decreases absorption lag time while increasing delivery
rate when compared with passive skin application.
Iontophoresis provides both a spiked and sustained release of a drug
reducing the possibility of developing a tolerance to drug.
Rate at which an ion may be delivered is determined by a number of
factors:
Concentration of the Ion.
pH of the solution.
Molecular size of the solute.
Current Density.
Duration of treatment.

6. Cathode: Negatively Charged Electrode.
 Highest concentration of Electrons.
 Accumulation of negatively charged ions in a small area creates an acidic reaction.
 Anode: Positively Charged Electrode.
 Lower concentration of Electrons.
 Accumulation of positively charged ions in a small area creates an alkaline reaction.
 Positively charged ions are driven into tissues from positive pole.
 Negatively charged ions are driven into tissues from negative pole.
 Knowing correct ion polarity is essential.

7. Force which acts to move ions through the tissues is determined by:
 Strength of the Electrical Field.
 Electrical Impedance of Tissues to Current flow.
 Strength of the electrical field is determined by the current density:
 Difference in current density between the active and inactive electrodes
establishes a gradient of potential difference which produces ion migration
within the electrical field.
 Current density may be altered by:
 Increasing or Decreasing the current density.
 Changing the size of the electrode.
 Increasing the size of the electrode will decrease current density under that
electrode.

8. Produce Continuous
Direct Current.
Assures Uni-Directional
Flow of Ions.

9. Iontophoresis
Generator
Intensity control
1 to 5 mA
Constant voltage
output that adjusts to
normal variations in tissue
impedance thus reducing
the likelihood of burns
Automatic shutdown if
skin impedance reduces to
preset limit

10. Iontophoresis
Generator
Adjustable Timer
Up to 25 min

11. Iontophoresis
Generator
Lead wires
Active electrode
Inactive electrode

12. Low amperage currents appear to be more effective as a driving force
than currents with higher intensities.
Higher intensity currents tend to reduce effective penetration into the
tissues.
Recommended current amplitudes used for iontophoresis range
between 3-5 mA.
Increase intensity slowly until patient reports tingling or prickly
sensation.
When terminating treatment intensity should be slowly decreased to
zero before electrodes are disconnected.
Maximum current intensity should be determined by size of the active
electrode.

13. Treatment duration ranges between 10-20 minutes with
15 minutes being an average.
Patient should be comfortable with no reported or
visible signs of pain or burning.
Check skin every 3-5 minutes looking for signs of skin
irritation.
Decrease intensity during treatment to accommodate
decrease in skin impedance to avoid pain or burning.

14. Negative ions accumulating at the positive pole or anode:
 Produce an acidic reaction through the formation of hydrochloric acid.
 Produce softening of the tissues by decreasing protein density-useful in
treating scars or adhesions.
 Some negative ions can also produce an analgesic effect (salicylates).
 Positive ions that accumulate at the negative pole:
 Produce an alkaline reaction with the formation of sodium hydroxide.
 Produce hardening of the tissues by increasing protein density.

15. THANK YOU ALL..
Presented By:
Anuj Malik.
Roll No. MT-2112607
E.E.E. (M.Tech)
FOR YOURS PRECIOUS
TIME....
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