Presentation during Bulatom conference 2013

2. New solutions for NPPNew solutions for NPP
Robustness Improvement
Dr. Alexander Wolski
Director, Strategic Projects
BULATOM Conference 2013BULATOM Conference 2013
Varna, June 5

3. Fukushima Impact on the IndustryFukushima – Impact on the Industry
► Has triggered a major re-assessment of
robustness of nuclear stations
► First round of evaluations has been► First round of evaluations has been
finished
► Improvement areas and strategies have► p o e e t a eas a d st ateg es a e
been identified
► Implementation of upgrades has started
world-wide
► New solutions can provide substantial
b fitbenefits
“We must re-think everything we already have thought
again, from the beginning”
(Angela Merkel, March 2011)

4. Improvements Database
G i C t i ti d C R f i
REMOO, 2012
Ljubljana
Grouping, Categorization and Cross-Referencing
SEISMIC
►> 1500 d t i t General
FLOODING
General
Flooding protection engineering features/structures, e.g. dykes
EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
►> 1500 raw data improvements
►Condensed to 209 across 72 plants
Almaraz ■■
Asco ■■
Emergency diesel generator (EDG) (Primary)
Mobile diesel generator (MDG)
…
Batteries
HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEMS
General
Belene ■■
Borssele ■
Safety injection systems
…
Spent fuel pool
Mobile pumps
ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT
General
…
…
PWR / VVER ■
BWR
General
Staffing
Procedures (Development & updating)
…
Hydrogen analysis and mitigation
Ex-vessel cooling
OTHER / GENERAL
Vandellos II ■
Zaporizhzhya ■■■■■■
PHWR ♦
UNGG / AGR / Magnox ○
RBMK ‡
OTHER / GENERAL
…
RBMK ‡

5. Improvements Database
Interface - Overview
REMOO, 2012
Ljubljana
Interface - Overview

6. Improvements Database
A I t Sit
REMOO, 2012
Ljubljana
Average Improvements per Site

7. Improvements Database/Matrix Results
REMOO, 2012
Ljubljana
Improvements Database/Matrix Results
COUNT BY CATEGORY
SEISMIC (GENERAL)
HEAT REMOVAL
OTHER
EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS
FLOODING
ELECTRICAL POWER
EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT

8. Improvements Database
Top 10 Improvements
REMOO, 2012
Ljubljana
Improvement BWR GCR PWR VVER Others
1 Seismic survivability of relevant SSCs 99 99 11 33 11
Top 10 Improvements
1 Seismic survivability of relevant SSCs 99 99 11 33 11
2
Seismic Margin Assessment (SMA) / Seismic -
PSA
24 44 33 14 11
SSC used for flooding protection (dykes,
3
mountable flood walls, building seals, air inlets,
doors, flood valves, check valves, mobile pumps,
etc.)
13 88 66 11 31
4
Diesel and lube oil supplies (volume, versatility,
40 17 22 29 774
pp ( , y,
diversity, etc.)
40 17 22 29 77
5 SAMGs 11 53 99 11 26
6
Add more EDGs (preferably separated /
independent)
60 14 44 43 15independent)
7
Filtered containment venting (pressure relief),
possibly seismically qualified 44 24 29 22 27
8
Access to site and specific areas, transport and
l i ti t ft i f t t d 22 33 34 49 168 logistics management after infrastructure damage
due to external events (incl. weather)
22 33 34 49 16
9
EFW bunkered system protected against floods
and earthquakes
111 23 55 78 19
10 Flooding survivability of relevant SSCs 1010 55 23 46 73

9. Filtered Venting Systemg y
► First filters developed and tested were dry filters► First filters developed and tested were dry filters
(implemented in Germany and France)
► Industry today seems to prefer wet filtration solutions► Industry today seems to prefer wet filtration solutions
► Current SA calculations show
• Higher temperatures (> 250 ºC)Higher temperatures ( 250 C)
• Varying loads of residual heat
► Passive Functionality of wet filters cannot be guaranteedy g
under all conditions
► Modern stainless steel HEPA filters are available from
applications in the Nuclear Weapons Industry and Fuel
Enrichment Plants

10. Maximised Filtration Area
HEPA grade filters (99.9% @ 0.3 microns).
1,57 m2 footprint
44 m2 filtration surface per m3
“German Filter” from the 80’s
8,8 m2 footprint
1 3 m2 filtration surface per m3 p1,3 m2 filtration surface per m3

11. Variable Solutions – Example VVER 1000 (320)
► Aerosols remain in
Containment
► Replacement of existing
aerosol filters – no
additional space requiredadditional space required
► No additional penetrations
► 100% backup possiblep p
► 2nd venting possible
► Solution for VVER 440
(230) developed(230) developed

12. High Energy Density – Supercritical CO2
> Example: Sandia National Laboratory‘s100 kW shaft power test bench
2
100 kW
Turbo-electric
generator-
compressor
unit
CompressorsCompressors
sufficient for
pumping ~2.5 MWth
of decay heatof decay heat

13. Smart Heat Exchanger – self-powered, passive
Power Box
Air Cooler
Power Box
Air Cooler
M
G
Optional power forp p
air cooling
Pool cooling
t
Pool cooling
Spent Fuel Pool
70 – 95 °C
system system

14. Pb-Batteries – Last Century Technologyy gy
► Mature technology for large energy► Mature technology for large energy
storage based on Li-Fe Batteries
► Li-Fe substantially superior to standard
consumer products (LiCoO2 / LiMn2O4 orconsumer products (LiCoO2 / LiMn2O4 or
LiNiO2)

15. 200 V / 1000 Ah Module
Temperature 0°C / + 45°C -30°C / +60°C
Humidity < 85 % at 25°C < 90%
Reduced Pressure > 53 kPa > 11.6 kPa
Cells 100 X Varta Vb 2410 16 x 5 = 80 LiFe
Weight 10 760 kg 3 360 kg ( 69%)Weight 10,760 kg 3,360 kg (-69%)
Self Discharge 3% / month < 1% / month
Discharge rate (1 hr) 53% 99%g ( )
Charging mode CV
30% in fast charge
CV or CC
100% @ 3x nominal current
C l d Lif 20 >> 20 i NPPCalendar Life 20 years >> 20 years in NPP
Cycle Life >1200 cycles > 6000 cycles
Footprint 7.97 m2 2.24 m2 (-72%)Footprint 7.97 m 2.24 m ( 72%)

16. WorleyParsons Qualification for Li-Fey Q
► Nuclear requirements from conventional lead batteries have been► Nuclear requirements from conventional lead batteries have been
transferred to new technology
• IEE 535-20006, Qualification of Class1E Storage Batteries for Nuclear Power
Stations
• IEEE 344-2004, Recommended Practice for Seismic Qualification of Class 1E
Equipment
• KTA 3703, Emergency Poawer Facilities with Batteries and AC/DC converters, g y
• HP-031-01, Russian Design Stanfard for Earthquake resistant NPP
► Existing conventional requirements for have been added
• IEC 60896-11, Stationary lead-acid batteries – General requirements and
methods of test
• IEC 450-2010, Recommended practice for Maintenance, Testing and
Replacement of vented lead acid batteries for stationary applicationsReplacement of vented lead-acid batteries for stationary applications
► Qualification and Testing Program developed and under execution
► Third Party review by credited TSO organizationy y g

17. Li-Fe Batteries – Advantagesg
► Higher Capacity Discharge (100% @ 30 minutes discharge► Higher Capacity Discharge (100% @ 30 minutes discharge
► No hazardous gases (no dedicated ventilation system
► Non-explosive, even in direct flames
► Real time monitoring
► No maintenance, no monitoring / re-filling of water
► 1/3 of the floor space 1/3 of the weight► 1/3 of the floor space, 1/3 of the weight
► Capacity stable at low temperature and after thousands of cycles
► Almost no self-discharge
► Large Battery packs are available with a
capacity of 24 MWhr and a maximum
discharge capacity of 6 MW (20’ container)

18. Applications in Nuclear Power Plantspp
► Replacement of existing batteries► Replacement of existing batteries
• Increase battery capacity by a factor of 3
• Reduce stationary hazards
R d i t i t• Reduce maintenance requirements
► Buffering the start-up of Emergency Diesel Generators
• Instantaneous start-up of emergency power systemp g y p y
• Relaxation of diesel engine start-up time requirements
► Gas-Turbine-Generators
• GTG are highly reliable under severe conditions but have start-up times of 45 to
60 seconds
• GTG can be operated with various fuels
• GTG are much smaller and contain less parts
• GTG have minimum maintenance requirements
► New self-sustained diverse SBO electricity supply► New self sustained diverse SBO electricity supply
• 24 MWhr in a simple container

19. WorleyParsons Nuclear Services
Improve Example for new solution developmentImprove – Example for new solution development
Steam-driven auxiliary feedwater pump
St d d l ti f W ti h PWRStandard solution for Westinghouse PWR
Transfer of concept and experience to other designs
RELAP model developed and feasibility demonstrated for VVER 1000
Core Cooling without External Power Supply at 6 bar
N d i t ith t illi tNew pump designs operate without auxilliary systems
On-going developments:
Combination with Power-Box
Condensation and re-use of driving steam
Additi l l t i l t dAdditional electrical power generated
Almost “closed-cycle”; minimum makeup water required

20. Thank you!Thank you!y