2. Easy to obtain.
Obtained information is accurate
Provides
starting point for many
epidemiological studies-major resource for
epidemiologist.
3. 2 parts
Part
1-immediate cause, underlying
cause which started the whole trend of
events leading to death.
Part2-any significant associated
disease that contributed to the death
but did not directly lead to it.
4. Defined as
Disease or injury that initiated the train of
morbid events leading directly to death.
Circumstancesof the accident or violence
which produced the fatal injury.
5. CAUSE OF DEATH Approximate
interval
between
onset &
death
1.Immediate A
cause
Underlying B
cause C
2.Comorbid
conditions
6. Setof questions are added to the basic
structure
In
order to improve the quality of maternal
mortality and infant mortality data.
To
provide method of collecting data on
deaths during pregnancy and infancy.
7. Incomplete reporting of deaths
Lack of accuracy-age , cause of death-lack
of diagnostic evidence , inexperience of
the certifying doctor , absence of
postmortem.
Lack of uniformity-hampers national and
international comparability
8. Choosing a single cause of death-only
underlying cause of death is recorded in
some countries. Certain risk factors and
diseases that contribute to death are not
recorded.
Changing coding systems and diagnostic
methods affect the validity.
Diseases with low fatality
9. Explaining trends in overall mortality.
Indicating priorities for health action and
resource allocation.
Designing intervention programs.
Assessment of public health problems and
programs.
Give important clues for epidemiological
research.
10. MEASURES OF
MORTALITY
Crude death rate
Specific death rate
Case fatality rate
Proportional mortality rate
Survival rate
Adjusted or standardised rate
11. The no. of deaths (from all causes) per
1000 estimated mid-year population ,in
a given place.
No. of deaths during the year
*1000
Mid year population
16. Specific death rate in age group 15-20yrs =
No. of deaths in age group 15-
20yrs the during the year
*1000
Mid year population
17. Specific death rate due to tuberculosis =
No. of deaths due to tuberculosis
the during the year
*1000
Mid year population
18. Indicate killing power if a disease
Eg:-a/c infection like cholera
Variable with diff epidemics of same
disease-related to virulence
No. of deaths due to the
particular disease
*100
Total no. of cases of the
same disease
19. Number of deaths due to a particular
cause or in a specific age group per
100(or1000) deaths...
Used for broad d/s groups or major
public health problems
Does not indicate risk of dying from
the disease
20. Proportional mortality rate due to TB =
No. of deaths due to tuberculosis
the during the year
*100
Total no. of deaths
during the year
21. Proportion of survivers in a group
studied and followed over a period of
time
Usually 5year survival taken
Prognosis of disease indicated eg:-
cancer
Efficiency of treatment modality
22. Total no. of patients alive after 5
years
*100
Total no. of patients diagnosed
or treated
24. Standard population-no in each age &
sex known
Find ASDR of the population to be
evaluated
Apply to standard population
Calculate total expected deaths
Divide with the total of standard
population