environmental science

1. MY PRESENTATION FLORES,Michelle Y.

3. WATER POLLUTION

5. Although we as humans recognize this fact,we disregard it by polluting our rivers,lakes,and ocean.Subsrquently,we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organism are dying at a very alarming rate.In addition to innocent organism dying off,our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes.

6. Causes of Pollution

7. Pollution is caused when silt and other suspended solids,such as soil,washoff plowed fields,construction and logging sites,yrban areas,and eroded river banks when it rains.Under natural conditions,lakes,rivers and other water bodies undergo Eutropication An aging process that slowly fills in the water body with sediment and organic matter.When these sediments enter various bodies of water,fish respiration impaired,plants productivity and water depth become reduced,and aquatic organisms and their environments become suffocated.

8. AMaterials enters waterways in many different forms as sewage,as leaves and grass clippings,or as runoff from livestocks feedlots and pastures.When natural bacteria and protozoan in the water break down this organic materials,they begin to use up the oxygen dissolved in the water.Many types of fish and bottom-dwelling animals cannot survive when levels of dissolved oxygen drop numbers which leads to disruptions in the food chain.

9. Additional Forms of Water Pollution

10. One estimate is that one ton of oil is spilled for every million tons of of oil transported.This is equal to about 0.0001 percent.Radioactive substances are produced in the form of waste from nuclear power plants,and form of waste are uranium and thorium mining and refining.The last form of water pollution is heat.Heat is pollutant because increase temperatures results in the deaths of many aquatic organisms.These decreases in temperatures are caused when a discharge of cooling water by factories and piwer plants occurs.

11. Oil pollution is growing problems,particularly devestating to coastal wildlife.Small quantities of oil spread rapidly across long distances to form deadly oil slicks.In this picture,demonstrators with “oil-covered” plastics animals protest a potential drilling project in Key Largo,Florida.Whether or not accidentally spills occur during the project,its impact on the delicate marine ecosystem of the coral reefs could be devastating.

12. CLASSIFYING WATER POLLUTION

13. The major sources of water pollution can be classified as municipal,industrial,and agricultural.Municipal water pollution consists of waste water from homes and commercial establishment.For many years,the main goal of treating municipal waste water was simply to reduced its content of suspended solids,oxygen-demanding materials,dissoloved onorganic compounds,and harmful bacteriaI.In recent years,however,more stress has been placed on improving means of disposal of the solid residues from the municipal treatment processes.

14. The handling and disposal of solid residues can account for 25-50 percent of the capital and operational costs of a treatment plant.the characteristics of industrial waste waters can differ considerably both within and among industries.The impact of industrial discharges depends not only on their collective characteristics,such as biochemical oxygen demand and the amount of suspended solids,but also on their content of specific inorganic and organic substances.

15. The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of the Earth. It includes the oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. The hydrosphere covers about 70% of the surface of the Earth and is the home for many plants and animals.

16. characteristics of the ocean which affects its motion are its temperature and salinity. Warm water is less dense or lighter and therefore tends to move up toward the surface, while colder water is more dense or heavier and therefore tends to sink toward the bottom. Salty water is also more dense or heavier and thus tends to sink, while fresh or less salty water is less dense or lighter and thus tends to rise toward the surface. The combination of the water's temperature and salinity determines whether it rises to the surface, sinks to the bottom or stays at some intermediate depth.

17. Hydrosphere The hydrosphere is composed of all of the water on or near the earth. This includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, and even the moisture in the air. Ninety-seven percent of the earth's water is in the oceans. The remaining three percent is fresh water; three-quarters of the fresh water is solid and exists in ice sheets

18. A hydrosphere (from Greek - hydor, "water" and sphaira, "sphere") in physical geography describes the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. The total mass of the Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4 × 1018tonnes, which is about 0.023% of the Earth's total mass. About 20 × 1012tonnes of this is in the Earth's atmosphere (the volume of one tonne of water is approximately 1 cubic metre). Approximately 75% of the Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million square kilometres (139.5 million square miles), is covered by ocean. The average salinity of the Earth's oceans is about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of sea water (35 ‰).[1]