In this paper, we focus on the role of universities in innovation districts. Regarding the growing interest in innovation districts, the question arises if an innovation district can do without a university. Or, the other way round, can a university campus be a good starting point for an innovation district? Can an innovation district be successful without a university? In which way can a university function as a catalyst in innovation district development?
The outcomes of research and recent developments suggest that it is relevant to have a university or an annexe of a university in an innovation district, as distance does matter. However, there are yet no hard research outcomes that make it clear that the success of an innovation district is dependent upon a university. Apart from that, the cases described here, in short, suggest that the establishment of a university or annexe can help the development of an innovation district by creating trust and contributing to a positive image of the development.
Similar to 2018 van dinteren & jansen - the university as a catalyst in innovation district development - paper for iasp world conference 2018 (20)
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- providing facilities and equipment to support company R&D projects;
- foster start‐ups by setting up incubators;
- offering educational programs to the inhabitants of the surrounding neighbourhoods, especially in the case
of deprived quarters, in order to enhance education levels and lower the threshold to the university
(inclusion and engagement; sometimes also relevant to the city as a whole);
- creating positive urban change in the cities they are located in, especially in the direct vicinity of the
innovation district: more varied housing options (enhancing diversity) and amenities, and engagement in
neighbourhood revitalisation.
When it comes to the benefits of being located in an innovation district, all interviewees agree that also the
university benefits. Most important advantages for the universities are:
- understanding the needs of society / companies and adapting the education program to it;
- the interchange of staff and students across porous boundaries. Innovation districts are able to enhance
student experiences, and stimulate research and creative activity among the university staff and students;
- having close working links with start‐up and more mature companies in innovation districts enabling the
flow of graduates into employment and cooperating on joint R&D projects;
- the possibility of neighbourhood redevelopment in order to expand the campus footprint.
Finally, according to our interviewees, many factors determine the success of an innovation district
development. The following starting conditions were stressed:
- having a strong basis: innovative firms present and willing to engage in collaboration, an entrepreneurial
university focussed on innovation, the active contribution of venture capitalists and other investors;
- taking the very long term as a starting point, but also focus at quick wins;
- creating a vision and strategy that is shared with and supported by investors, companies, universities,
government, inhabitants and other stakeholders.
And especially with regard to the university:
- a pro‐active strategy by the university for open collaboration with business and industry;
- an active commercialisation office or company within the university;
- active support for student entrepreneurship plus entrepreneurship training for staff and students;
- flexible commercialisation policies to enable easier spin‐out of new ventures or licensing of Intellectual
Property;
- having the university commercialisation office well linked to relevant industries and product sector experts
who bring IP ventures to the right know‐how and seed capital in the Innovation District.
Preliminary conclusion
In an innovation economy, networks are essential. Large innovative companies and universities can build the
webs connecting these networks. Although we have all the opportunities to establish worldwide networks,
research suggests that proximity is still important. But what is proximity? Is that on the neighbourhood, the city
or the regional level? What about smaller cities and larger ones? 66% of all STPs are established on the campus
of a university. That seems to suggest that short distances are relevant. And, as we have seen, that it is not just
because of networks, but also about facilities and the like, we could state that proximity also helps to create
that dynamic environment that students, innovators and companies are looking for. In that respect, it is also
interesting to notice that universities in dense areas flourish.
Given these outcomes, one could suggest that it is relevant to have a university or an annexe of a university in
an innovation district, as distance does matter. However, there are as yet no hard research outcomes that
make it clear that the success of an innovation district is dependent upon a university. Apart from that, the
cases described here suggest, in short, that the establishment of a university or annexe can help the
development of an innovation district by creating trust and contributing to a positive image of the
development.