玩轉 LHC 公開數據 (Play around with the LHC open data)
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簡單說明位在 CERN 的 LHC 質子對撞實驗，手把手使用 Virtual PC 建立數據分析環境、下載不同層級的實驗數據，並用簡單的程式在 ROOT 環境下進行分析。
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玩轉 LHC 公開數據 (Play around with the LHC open data)
- 1. 玩轉玩轉 LHCLHC 公開數據公開數據 Play around with the LHC Open DataPlay around with the LHC Open Data Yuan CHAO ( 趙元 ) (National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan) COSCUP 2018 2018/08/11-12
- 3. 研究員 高能物理 使用 OSS 做研究 ...
- 4. 質子加速的軌跡 The path of the protons – CERN Overview animation http://cds.cern.ch/record/2020780 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQhbhpU9Wrg
- 5. 全球 LHC 計算網格 Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) 如何分析處理數據？ https://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1541893 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDC3-QSiLB4
- 8. LHC 周長 27 KM 位於地下 50~150 公尺
- 11. 質子團每秒通過 四千萬次 (40MHz) 平均每次有 15 個對撞
- 18. 將實驗事例重建 磁帶長期保存
- 20. 二級資料中心提供實驗學家模擬與分析數據 ( 前 ) 亞洲唯一 一級資料中心 中研院網格中心
- 21. 研究員 高能物理 使用 OSS 做研究 ... Member of CMS Experiment
- 23. 淺嚐味物理 Search for charged lepton flavour violation https://www.kaggle.com/c/flavours-of-physics Search for new physics on lepton-flavour violation $15,000 & 673 teams
- 24. 機器學習粒子追跡 TrackML Challenge https://www.kaggle.com/c/trackml-particle -identification To develop new machine-learning solutions for the next generation of particle detectors $25,000 & Nvidia v100 GPU and more...
- 25. e 電子？ τ 濤子？ ? μ 渺子？？ ? 味物理？ 電荷宇稱不守恆？ –- 請給我五分鐘
- 26. 26 標準模型標準模型 Standard ModelStandard Model ~10-18 m宇宙的尺度 http://htwins.net/scale2/~10-1 m 膠子 光子 W/Z 子 重力子 強作用力 電磁力 弱作用力 重力 夸 克 輕 子 奈米 =10-9 m
- 27. 27 大霹靂大霹靂 The Origin of the UniverseThe Origin of the Universe
- 28. 28 四大問題四大問題 The QuestionsThe Questions LHC was built for the following purposes: 質量的來源 To find the origin of mass... the Higgs boson. 暗物質與暗能量 Looking for the unification.. Super-symmetry as well as other candidates of Dark Mater & Dark energy 反物質的消失 Investigate the mystery of anti-matter disappearance 宇宙初期狀態 Physics at the early stage of the universe: Heavy Ion Collisions and Quark-Gluon Plasma Courtesy of Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
- 29. 29 Symmetry & Flavor PhysicsSymmetry & Flavor Physics People think the universe is symmetric? E = mc2 Parity violation introduced by T.D. Lee ( 李政道 ) and C.N. Yang ( 楊振寧 ) in 1956. –- 宇稱不守恆 Parity violation seen in a β decay by C.S. Wu ( 吳健雄 ) in 1957. Nobel prize for Lee & Yang. CP violation discovered in Kaon system in 1964. M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa introduced CP violation in the Standard Model in 1973. –- 電荷・宇稱不守恆 Sanda and Carter pointed out the possibility of CP violation in the B meson system in 1980.
- 30. Prof. Wu's experiment in 1956. Prof. Li and Yang got Nobel Prize in 1957. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-Experiment
- 31. 31 Symmetry & Flavor PhysicsSymmetry & Flavor Physics KTeV experiment at FNAL established the direct CP violation in Kaon system and confirmed by NA48 at CERN in 1999. Belle and BaBar observed indirect CP violation B meson system in 2002. Belle observed the direct CP violation in B → ππ but not confirmed by BaBar in 2004 Belle and BaBar present the evidence of direct CP violation in B → Kππ in 2004. M. Kobayashi ( 小林誠 ) and T. Maskawa ( 益川敏英 ) share the Nobel Prize in 2008 with Y. Nambu ( 南部陽一郎 ). CP violation can't fully explain the Baryon asymmetry problem. → People cont. searching for NP
- 32. Machine Learning is nothing new in HEP People in Tevatron, B-factories, LEP and LHC experiments more or less use MVA in their studies! (LL, LD → BDT, NN, .. → DL?) Supervised learning → MC vs. Data
- 34. General Physics 34 Yuan CHAO 正子正子 雲霧室 / 泡箱照片可以看到帶電粒子通過的軌跡 正子是電子的反粒子 by Carl D. Anderson 1932 磁場 ⊗ 鉛板 曲率半徑小 動量小 23MeV 曲率半徑大 動量大 63MeV
- 35. 物理到此為止 ...
- 37. 37 建構環境建構環境 Environment SetupEnvironment Setup Following the instructions here: http://opendata.cern.ch/docs/cms-getting-started-2011 Download and install VirtualBox Obtain virtualbox for your host machine (ver. >= 5.2.2) https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads Get the CERN VM image D/L CMS-specific CernVM image as OVA file http://opendata.cern.ch/record/252 Use of CMS-Open-Data-1.3.0.ova is recommended Disk usage is copy-on-write (allocated only when needed) Start the VM image Remember to enable VT-x in BIOS and turn-off 2nd NIC Environment configuration Use the following commands: cmsrel CMSSW_5_3_32 cd CMSSW_5_3_32/src/ cmsenv
- 38. 38 建構環境建構環境 Env. Setup (cont.)Env. Setup (cont.) Boot up the VM image
- 39. 39 ROOTROOT 環境環境 Try to load a ROOT sample $ root root://eospublic.cern.ch//eos/opendata/cms/Run2011A/Electron Had/AOD/12Oct2013-v1/20001/001F9231-F141-E311-8F76- 003048F00942.root
- 40. 40 ROOTROOT 環境環境 (cont.)(cont.) Type in ROOT commands: root [1] TBrowser t Double-click on electron obj. See the electron pT distribution
- 41. 41 ROOTROOT 環境環境 (cont.)(cont.) Type in ROOT commands: root [1] TBrowser t Double-click on electron obj. See the electron pT distribution
- 42. 42 ROOT Data StructureROOT Data Structure Know your DATA! Event based data Hierarchical structure ROOT → Tree → Branch → Leaf https://root.cern.ch/doc/v608/classTTree.html
- 43. 43 實際分析數據實際分析數據 Analyzing the DataAnalyzing the Data Details are available at: http://opendata.cern.ch/record/5001 Get the source code from GitHub Directly accessing the data with python Using a simplified sample (PAT) Check out the code here: $ git clone git://github.com/cms-opendata- analyses/OutreachExercise2011.git $ scram build $ cmsenv $ cd OutreachExercise2011/DecaysToLeptons/run/ $ ipython run.py
- 44. General Physics 44 Yuan CHAO The Z bosonThe Z boson Discovered in UA1 & UA2 at CERN: Charge = 0. Spin J = 1 (boson) Elementary particle Mass: 91.1876 ± 0.0021 GeV/c2 Full width Γ = 2.4952 ± 0.0023 GeV Decay modes Z → l+ l- : 3.3658 ± 0.0023 x 10-2 x 3 Z → Invisible: 20.00 ± 0.06 x 10-2 Z → Hadrons: 69.91 ± 0.06 x 10-2 We'll do exercise to find Z → e+ e- or μ+ μ-
- 45. 45 實際分析數據實際分析數據 Analyzing the DataAnalyzing the Data Result of 100 events, two-lepton analyzer
- 46. 46 實際分析數據實際分析數據 Analyzing the DataAnalyzing the Data Result of 10000 events, two-lepton analyzer
- 47. 47 實際分析數據實際分析數據 Analyzing the DataAnalyzing the Data Result of 100000 events, two-lepton analyzer
- 48. 48 實際分析數據實際分析數據 Analyzing the DataAnalyzing the Data Result of 1000000 events, four-lepton analyzer
- 49. 49 實際分析數據實際分析數據 Analyzing the DataAnalyzing the Data Result of 1000000 events, four-lepton analyzer Higgs boson candidates!!!
- 50. General Physics 50 Yuan CHAO 基本粒子基本粒子 隨著加速器的發展，更多的粒子被發現 詳細的資料可見 PDG 手冊或網頁 : http://pdglive.lbl.gov/ 特別的屬性 cτ – 衰變前飛行距離 粒子偵測器中可見的「長壽命」粒子： e± , μ± , γ, π± ,K± , KL , n, p± 不同的粒子有不同的「靜止質量」 Resonance / rest mass is like the finger print of particles 類比於光譜分析的概念
- 51. General Physics 51 Yuan CHAO 共振態共振態 衰變粒子重建 短壽命粒子的生命期小於 10-23 sec 當接近光速運動時 → 衰變軌跡小於 10-15 m 實驗觀測碰撞截面 cross-section σ 與不變質量 invariant mass M, 的分佈，共振態以鐘形分佈出現 bell-shaped E = m c2 自然單位 : c = ħ = 1
- 52. 52 實際分析數據實際分析數據 Analyzing the DataAnalyzing the Data Calculating the invariant mass https://github.com/cms-opendata-education/cms-jupyter-materia ls-english/blob/master/Exercises-with-open-data/Calculate-inv ariant-mass.ipynb Searching for possible resonances from the invariant mass distribution Higgs boson candidates!!! Z boson candidates!!!
- 53. 53 Related URLsRelated URLs LHC computing grid (LCG) and CERN overview video: https://cds.cern.ch/record/2020780 "Higgs ML" Kaggle Challenge https://www.kaggle.com/c/higgs-boson “Flavour of physics” Kaggle Challenge https://www.kaggle.com/c/flavours-of-physics 宇宙的尺度 http://htwins.net/scale2/ CMS Open Data http://opendata.cern.ch/docs/observing-higgs-over-on e-petabyte-new-cms-open-data CERN VM image: http://opendata.cern.ch/record/252 CMS open data tutorial jupyter NB: https://github.com/cms-opendata-education
- 54. 以上 Thank YOU! 謝謝 Remercie de Votre Attention
- 55. 55 Installing Jupyter & SciPyInstalling Jupyter & SciPy Setup a virtual environment (you need python installed before hands) Using pip: $ pip3 install virtualenv You can also use easy_install or apt-get instead Open a terminal Type in the following commands: $ virtualenv -p python3 .scienv $ source .scienv/bin/activate ← activate the environment! $ pip3 install --upgrade pip $ pip3 install jupyter $ pip3 install scipy pandas sklearn ← you get all packages Then start the jupyter notebook server: $ jupyter notebook ← a web page will be loaded automatically Here we go!
- 56. 56 Installing ROOTInstalling ROOT Get the ROOT binary for Ubuntu / Scientific Linux Source and pre-build binaries are here: https://root.cern.ch/content/release-61402 Find a desired package. Install from package managers Ubuntu: type in the following commands: $ sudo apt-get install root-system ← for all or root-system-bin On Scientific Linux and other variants (RH, CentOS...) $ sudo yum install root On OSX – available through home brew Formulae $ brew install root Test your installation with ROOT GUI: $ root -l ← " -l" means no splash window root [0] TBrowser t ← make sure no error messages