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Expresiones
Algebraicas,
Factorización y
Radicación
Juliette Méndez
Yeiker Reinoso
Las expresiones algebraicas son
combinaciones de letras y números que
están conectados por símbolos
aritméticos: suma, resta, multiplicación,
división y ponderación. Por ejemplo, las
expresiones algebraicas nos permiten
encontrar el área y el volumen
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐2
𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑛
=
𝑘=0
𝑛
𝑛
𝑘
𝑥𝑘
𝑎𝑛−𝑘
1) Suma de expresiones algebraicas
1) P(x) = 5x+6
Q(x) = 7x+4
Resolvemos
P(x) + Q(x) = 5x+6 + 7x+4
= 5x+7x + 6+4
= 12x + 10
Ejercicios:
2) P(x) 3x + 5
Q(x) 2x + 7
Resolvemos
P(x) + Q(x) = 3x+5 + 2x+7
= 3x+2x + 5+7
= 5x + 12
Resta de expresiones algebraicas
1) P(x) = 5x + 6
Q(x) =7x + 4
Resolvemos
P(x) – Q(x) = 5x+6 – (7x+4)
= 5x+6 – 7x-4
= 5x-7x + 6-4
= -2x+2
2) P(x) = 6x+3
Q(x) = 3x+5
Resolvemos
P(x) – Q(x) = 6x+3 – (3x+5)
= 6x+3 – 3x-5
=6x-3x + 3-5
= -3x + 2
Valor numérico de Expresiones Algebraicas
Hallar el valor numérico de las siguientes
expresiones
a = 10 b = 12 c = 4
1) a + b – c 2) -5a – b
= 10 + 12 – 4 = -5.10 – 12
= 18 = -50 – 12
= -62
Multiplicación de expresiones algebraicas
1) 4𝑥2. 5𝑥
= 4.5 .𝑥2. 𝑥1
= 20𝑥2+1
=20𝑥3
2. 5𝑥2
. 𝑦3
. −2 𝑥2
. 𝑦3
= 5. −2 𝑥2
. 𝑥2
. 𝑦3
. 𝑦3
= −10. 𝑥4
. 𝑦6
División de Expresiones Algebraicas
Método de Ruffini
1) 4𝑥2 − 5𝑥2 − 7𝑥 + 1 ÷ 𝑥 + 1
4 -5 -7 1
-1 -4 9 -2
4 -9 2 -1
Cociente = 4𝑥2
− 9𝑥 + 2
2) 5𝑥3
− 7𝑥 − 10 ÷ 𝑥 − 2
5𝑥2 − 7𝑥 − 10 x – 3
-5𝑥2 + 10𝑥 5𝑥 + 3
3𝑥 − 10
-3𝑥 + 6
-4
=> 5𝑥2 − 7𝑥 − 10 = 𝑥 − 2 . 5𝑥 + 3 − 4
Productos Notables de Expresiones Algebraicas
1) Suma de un binomio al cuadrado
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2= 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 2. 𝑎. 𝑏
(3x + 2𝑦)2 = (3𝑥)2 + (2𝑦)2 + 2.3𝑥. 2𝑦
= 9𝑥2 + 4𝑦2 + 12𝑥𝑦
2) Resta de un binomio al cuadrado
(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2. 𝑎. 𝑏
(4𝑥 − 3𝑦)2
= (4𝑥)2
+ (3𝑦)2
− 2.4𝑥. 3𝑦
=16𝑥2 + 9𝑦2 − 24𝑥𝑦
Factorización por Productos Notables
Caso por agrupación
1) 𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑦 − 4𝑎𝑏𝑦
= 𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑥 + (2𝑎𝑦 − 4𝑎𝑏𝑦)
= 𝑥 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 2𝑦 𝑎 − 2𝑏
= 𝑎 − 2𝑏 (𝑥 + 2𝑦)
Caso por Factor comun
2. 15𝑚2+
5𝑚2
= 5𝑚2
(3𝑚 + 1)
15𝑚3
5𝑚2 = 3𝑚
5𝑚2
5𝑚2 = 1
Bibliografía
 Matematicasonline
 Aurelio Baldor: Algebra
 www.Superprofe.es
 Lifeder.comejercicios

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Expresiones algebraicas matematica uptaeb - juliette mendez y yeiker reinoso

  • 2. Las expresiones algebraicas son combinaciones de letras y números que están conectados por símbolos aritméticos: suma, resta, multiplicación, división y ponderación. Por ejemplo, las expresiones algebraicas nos permiten encontrar el área y el volumen 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐2 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑘=0 𝑛 𝑛 𝑘 𝑥𝑘 𝑎𝑛−𝑘
  • 3. 1) Suma de expresiones algebraicas 1) P(x) = 5x+6 Q(x) = 7x+4 Resolvemos P(x) + Q(x) = 5x+6 + 7x+4 = 5x+7x + 6+4 = 12x + 10 Ejercicios:
  • 4. 2) P(x) 3x + 5 Q(x) 2x + 7 Resolvemos P(x) + Q(x) = 3x+5 + 2x+7 = 3x+2x + 5+7 = 5x + 12
  • 5. Resta de expresiones algebraicas 1) P(x) = 5x + 6 Q(x) =7x + 4 Resolvemos P(x) – Q(x) = 5x+6 – (7x+4) = 5x+6 – 7x-4 = 5x-7x + 6-4 = -2x+2
  • 6. 2) P(x) = 6x+3 Q(x) = 3x+5 Resolvemos P(x) – Q(x) = 6x+3 – (3x+5) = 6x+3 – 3x-5 =6x-3x + 3-5 = -3x + 2
  • 7. Valor numérico de Expresiones Algebraicas Hallar el valor numérico de las siguientes expresiones a = 10 b = 12 c = 4 1) a + b – c 2) -5a – b = 10 + 12 – 4 = -5.10 – 12 = 18 = -50 – 12 = -62
  • 8. Multiplicación de expresiones algebraicas 1) 4𝑥2. 5𝑥 = 4.5 .𝑥2. 𝑥1 = 20𝑥2+1 =20𝑥3 2. 5𝑥2 . 𝑦3 . −2 𝑥2 . 𝑦3 = 5. −2 𝑥2 . 𝑥2 . 𝑦3 . 𝑦3 = −10. 𝑥4 . 𝑦6
  • 9. División de Expresiones Algebraicas Método de Ruffini 1) 4𝑥2 − 5𝑥2 − 7𝑥 + 1 ÷ 𝑥 + 1 4 -5 -7 1 -1 -4 9 -2 4 -9 2 -1 Cociente = 4𝑥2 − 9𝑥 + 2
  • 10. 2) 5𝑥3 − 7𝑥 − 10 ÷ 𝑥 − 2 5𝑥2 − 7𝑥 − 10 x – 3 -5𝑥2 + 10𝑥 5𝑥 + 3 3𝑥 − 10 -3𝑥 + 6 -4 => 5𝑥2 − 7𝑥 − 10 = 𝑥 − 2 . 5𝑥 + 3 − 4
  • 11. Productos Notables de Expresiones Algebraicas 1) Suma de un binomio al cuadrado (𝑎 + 𝑏)2= 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 2. 𝑎. 𝑏 (3x + 2𝑦)2 = (3𝑥)2 + (2𝑦)2 + 2.3𝑥. 2𝑦 = 9𝑥2 + 4𝑦2 + 12𝑥𝑦 2) Resta de un binomio al cuadrado (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2. 𝑎. 𝑏 (4𝑥 − 3𝑦)2 = (4𝑥)2 + (3𝑦)2 − 2.4𝑥. 3𝑦 =16𝑥2 + 9𝑦2 − 24𝑥𝑦
  • 12. Factorización por Productos Notables Caso por agrupación 1) 𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑦 − 4𝑎𝑏𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑥 + (2𝑎𝑦 − 4𝑎𝑏𝑦) = 𝑥 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 2𝑦 𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 𝑎 − 2𝑏 (𝑥 + 2𝑦) Caso por Factor comun 2. 15𝑚2+ 5𝑚2 = 5𝑚2 (3𝑚 + 1) 15𝑚3 5𝑚2 = 3𝑚 5𝑚2 5𝑚2 = 1
  • 13. Bibliografía  Matematicasonline  Aurelio Baldor: Algebra  www.Superprofe.es  Lifeder.comejercicios