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我要成為正規表達式大師
去吧 皮卡秋
簡介
● 正規表示式使用單個字串來描述、匹配一系列符合某個句法規則的字串。在很
多文字編輯器裡,正規表達式通常被用來檢索、替換那些符合某個模式的文字。
● 正規表達式這個概念最初是由Unix中的工具軟體(例如sed和grep)普及開的。
基本語法
字元符號
字符 說明
. 「點」代表幾乎所有字元 ( 不包含換行符號
「r」「n」 )
[abc] 字元集合,代表所有在中括弧當中的字元
[^abc] 在字元集合中加入「^」符號代表所有不包
含在括弧中的字元
數量符號(一)
字符 說明
? 符合零或者一個字元
* 符合零或者多個字元
+ 符合一或者多個字元
? 非貪婪模式。當在星號(*)或是加號(+)後面加
上問號,代表為非貪婪模式。
數量符號(二)
字符 說明
{n} 符合 n 個字元
{n,} 至少有 n 個字元
{n,m} 大於 n 個字元,小於 m 個字元
錨點符號
字符 說明
^ 開始符號
$ 結束符號
選擇
字符 說明
| 或者符號,代表符合「|」符號兩邊的字串
匹配
字符 說明
(pattern) 匹配並取得子字串
(?:pattern) 匹配但不取得子字串
特殊字元
字符 說明
 跳脫字元
s 空白字元。(包含換行符號)
w 英文字母 = [A-z]
d 數字 = [0-9]
選項
符號 說明
g (global)匹配所有文本,不會在獲得第一
個符合的pattern就返回
s (single line)點包含換行符號
m (multi line)開始跟結束符號是以行的開始
跟結束為準
u (unicode)使用完整的unicode字元
實戰演練
練習題(一)
匹配所有包含在HTML中<P> tag 的字元
● Match: <p>How are you</p>
● Match:<p>This is an apple</p>
● Skip:<span>Oh my god!<span>
練習題(二)
取得 youtube 影片嵌入碼中的寬、高以及影片網址:
Match:<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Tk6PL1_4bBo"
frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
Skip:<img width="560" height="315" src="https://img.com" />
學習資源
● Regular Expresstion 101
○ 提供正規表達式測試功能的線上工具
● RegexOne
○ 正規表達式的教學與練習網站
Thanks

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我要成為正規表達式大師