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1. Discussion www.writekraft.com
Start witha fewsentencesthatsummarize the mostimportantresults.The discussionsectionshouldbe
a brief essayinitself,answeringthe followingquestionsandcaveats:
What are the majorpatternsin the observations?(Refertospatial andtemporal variations.)
What are the relationships,trendsandgeneralizationsamongthe results?
What are the exceptionstothese patternsorgeneralizations?
What are the likelycauses(mechanisms) underlyingthese patternsresultingpredictions?
Is there agreementordisagreementwithpreviouswork?
Interpretresultsintermsof backgroundlaidoutinthe introduction - whatisthe relationshipof the
presentresultstothe original question?
What isthe implicationof the presentresultsforotherunansweredquestionsinearthsciences,ecology,
environmental policy,etc....?
Multiple hypotheses:There are usuallyseveral possible explanationsforresults.Be careful toconsider
all of these ratherthansimplypushingyourfavorite one.If youcaneliminate all butone,thatisgreat,
but oftenthatisnot possible withthe datainhand.Inthat case youshouldgive eventreatmenttothe
remainingpossibilities,andtryto indicate waysinwhichfuture workmayleadtotheirdiscrimination.
Avoidbandwagons:A special case of the above.Avoidjumpingacurrentlyfashionablepointof view
unlessyourresultsreallydostronglysupportthem.
What are the thingswe nowknowor understandthatwe didn'tknow or understandbefore the present
work?
Include the evidence orline of reasoningsupportingeachinterpretation.
What isthe significanceof the presentresults:whyshouldwe care?
Thissectionshouldbe richinreferencestosimilarworkandbackgroundneededtointerpretresults.
However,interpretation/discussionsection(s) are oftentoolongandverbose.Isthere material that
doesnotcontribute toone of the elementslistedabove?If so,thismaybe material thatyou will wantto
considerdeletingormoving.Breakupthe sectionintological segmentsbyusingsubheads.
Conclusions
What isthe strongestandmostimportantstatementthatyoucan make from yourobservations?
If you metthe readerat a meetingsix monthsfromnow,whatdoyouwantthem to rememberabout
your paper?