An analysis of psychology theories.docx

An analysis of psychology theories
An analysis of psychology theories Cognitive theoryThis theory which is part of learning
theory attempts to explain the human behavior through the understanding of the processes
of thought. It assumes that humans are essentially logical beings that make the most
sensible choices to them(Dudley, 1999). The mind performs informational processing which
sometimes is equated to a computer so as to make a decision. The theory focuses on the
thoughts of individuals in order to determine their emotions and behaviors therefore; it
becomes important to change the thoughts and believes of people so as to change their
behavior. This theory can be used to treat erroneous behavior through cognitive reframing
techniques. An example of application could be the treatment of phobias and other
psychological disorders(Gick, 2003).Evolutionary psychology theoryThis is a theory
concerning human behavior and seeks to incorporate the effects of evolution. The
presumption is that the most successful solution to problems people face are later
inculcated into the basic instincts that later happen naturally without thinking about them.
The instincts are later attuned by family, and culture(Nicholson, 1997). An example is the
learning of language that every human being has the ability to learn but the society is the
one that shapes ones language. An example of an instinct is the fear of snakes or spiders that
later developed into an instinctive human reaction(Cosmides&Tooby, 2004).Humanistic
psychological theoryThe humanistic psychology believes that humans are basically good
and respect each other. The theory is rooted in the notion of acceptance and understanding
of an individual’ s responsibility and existence. CarlRogersand Abraham Maslow set the
way to understanding an individual’ s personality and improving the satisfaction of
individuals. This theory has some basic principles and beliefs that include; the present is
more important than the future and the past of an individual therefore the humanists
focuses on the present (Goldberg, 2000). Also, humans do possess an underlying worth that
can never be negated by his deeds whether good or bad. Life’ s goal should always aim to
the achievement of understanding and personal growth as this is the source of true
happiness and lastly the theory is based on the present reality and that people should take
responsibility of their actions for them to be psychologically healthy. Maslow developed the
hierarchy of needs to summarize humanistic psychology belief system. People can be able to
place themselves on the hierarchy therefore are able to work to attain a higher level of
satisfaction (Wilson& Susan, 2008).The similarities and differences of the three theoriesThe
three theories have a presumption of the human being possess some innate characteristic
(unlike tabula rasa) that influences their actions and behavior. In the evolutionary theory

they call it the basic instincts, while cognitive theory calls it logical behavior and the
humanistic theory terms them as basic goodness of humans (Sweller, 2009). However, the
differences of these theories include that humanistic theory is driven by motivations that
are in the present and this affects a person’ s behavior and reactions. The evolutionary
theory looks at our culture as the source of our problems and seeks to change this by using
truths(Cosmides&Tooby, 2004).The contribution of humanistic theory helps to understand
and underpin the motivations of behavior while at the same time treating the person as
human despite their deeds (Wilson& Susan, 2008). The cognitive theory comes in to explain
the thought processes that affect human behavior which enables the psychiatrist to use
processes and techniques to modify behavior. In the evolutionary psychology helps in
tracing the origins of behavior in an individual be it cultural, personal traits or from
family(Nicholson, 1997).ReferencesDudley, R. T. (1999). Behaviorism and cognitivism in
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