Hyperlipidemia, its causes, symptoms, medications, treatments, diet plan for the patients of hyperlipidemia

2. HYPERLIPIDEMIAHyperlipidemia
Presented to: Mam Itrat Fatima

3. GROUP
MEMBERS:
AREEBA IRFAN (0103)
ZAKIYA AKRAM (0115)
HAFSAH HAMAYOUN (0030)
SAMI ULLAH (0110)
WAJEEHA BATOOL (0089)
(F20_FST2013)(GROUP NO: 5)

4. CONTENTS:
What is Hyperlipidemia?
Causes
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Exercises and fitness
requirements
Diet menu plan and
medications

5. Introduction
medical term describes
high levels of fat in the
blood, such as cholesterol
and triglycerides.
 known as Cholesterol ,
refers to presence of high
levels of triglycerides and
cholesterol in blood.
 come directly from the
foods such as red meat and
whole-fat dairy.
 diet high in refined sugar,
fructose, and alcohol raises
triglycerides.

6. CHOLESTEROL
substance, found in all the
cells.
 required by the body for the
production of :
build the structure of cell
membranes.
make hormones like
estrogen, testosterone and
adrenal hormones.
help your metabolism work
efficiently E.g. cholesterol is
essential for your body to
produce vitamin D.
produce bile acids, which

7. SOURCES OF
CHOLESTEROL
Cholesterol itself is only found in animal-
based foods, including:
meat
dairy products
seafood
egg yolks
butter
Shrimp is high in cholesterol but very low in
saturated fat so is the part of a heart-
healthy diet.

8. CAUSES:
 caused due to the
presence of high
levels of low-density
lipids (LDL) & low
levels of high density
lipids (HDL)
cholesterol and
triglycerides in the
blood.
 condition increases
fatty deposits in
arteries and the risk
of blockages causing
atherosclerotic

9. LDL & HDL:
key transport systems in
the blood, which include:
Low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol carries
most of the cholesterol
that is delivered to cells.
called the bad
cholesterol because
when its level in the
bloodstream is high, it
can clog up your arteries.
High-density lipoprotein
(HDL) cholesterol is
called the good
cholesterol,
it helps remove excess

10. DIAGNOSIS
symptoms. Blood tests are
performed by the doctor
called a lipid panel or a
lipid profile in order to
check blood cholesterol
levels.
Total cholesterol
levels less than 200
milligrams per deciliter
(mg/dL) are considered
desirable for adults.
A reading between 200
and 239 mg/dL is
considered borderline.
 A reading of 240 mg/dL
and above is considered
high. LDL cholesterol

11. TREATMENT:
 focuses on change in the diet plan
 in extreme cases use of medications is encouraged.
Choose foods low in trans fats and saturated fats.
Eat more fiber-rich foods, such as oatmeal, apples,
bananas, pears, kidney beans, chickpeas, lentils etc.,
Avoid smoking and drinking.
Medications includes:
i. Statins are medicinal drugs that lowers the
cholesterol level
ii. Cholesterol absorption inhibitors, The known
example is ezetimibe (Zetia).
iii. Nicotinic acid affects liver production of fats. It
lowers your LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and
higher the production of HDL cholesterol.

12. PHYSICAL
EXERCISES:
Aerobic exercise is any form of physical activity,
 produces an increased heart rate and respiratory
volume to meet the oxygen requirements of the
activated muscle.
 compared to medications aerobic exercise is easier to
carry out and has fewer side effects.
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, says it can take between 3-6
months to see lower LDL numbers through just diet
and exercise.
Following exercises can help lower cholesterol levels:
a. Aim for about 30 minutes of moderate-intensity
activity, like a brisk walk, most days of the week. .
Even 10 to 15 minutes at a time can make a
difference.
b. Ride a bike to work or just for fun. .
c. Take a few laps of swim at the pool.
d. Lift a few weights at gym.

13. Continued…

14. GENERAL DIET
MENU PLAN:
such as beans, yams, oats
etc.
2) Prefer fat free milk over
normal milk such as skim
milk.
3) Switch to plant proteins
over animal proteins.
4) more vegetables, which
contains antioxidants that
will detoxicate the body
toxins.
5) consumption of meat low in
fat is preferred such as
salmon.
6) fruits helps body to fulfill

15. Continued…
For a normal Standard Fat Consumption:
2,000 calories a day, that would be 200
calories (22 grams) or less of saturated fats per
day. It has been reduced to 5%-6% of your
total calorie intake.
NLA: SFA <7% of total energy intake
2000 calorie per/day= 5-7% of saturated fat
intake (official)
=11-15g of fat per/day.
Unhealthy trans fats
•Fried foods
•baked goods, such as cakes,
pies, and cookies
•margarine
•microwave popcorn
•frosting
•packaged foods with
“hydrogenated oils”
Healthy unsaturated fats
• olive, peanut, canola,
safflower, and sunflower oils
• avocados
• most nuts, but especially
walnuts
• most seeds, including
sunflower, chia & hemp
seeds

16. TABLE OF FAT
COMPOSITION:

17. DIET MENU PLAN FOR
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
PATIENT:
BREAKFAST AT 8AM:
 Oatmeal with Fresh Berries and Nonfat Milk or Soymilk. With tea or coffee
desired).
MID DAY SNACK AT 11AM:
 Baby Carrots and Broccoli with low fat Yogurt.
 Spinach salad.
LUNCH AT 2PM:
 Big Salad of Baby Spinach and Roasted Brussels Sprouts or
 Cooked green leafy vegetables with chapatti with unsaturated desi ghee.
MID-AFTERNOON SNACK AT 5PM:
 Low dairy ice-cream with blue or black berries
 brownie made from no egg with afternoon green tea (if desired).
DINNER:
 Cooked red beans with boiled rice (starch drained)
DESSERT:
 Passion fruit , grapes or fruit salad.

18. Conclusion
Cardiovascular system is highly vulnerable to
hyperlipidemia when cholesterol accumulates
the inflamed areas of blood vessels.
Hyperlipidemia can be caused due to genetic
disorders or metabolic disorders. Some of the
major symptoms of hyperlipidemia are
cholesterol accumulation beneath of elbows,
knees and eyes can be seen, whitish rings
around the eye’s iris and chest pain. In addition
to cardiovascular system, the organs such as
artery, heart and brain are also involved in
hyperlipidemia.Hence,through good nutrition and
exercise we can overcome its worst effects.

20. REFERENCES:
https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/hyperlipidemia-
overview
https://www.healthline.com/health/hyperlipidemia
https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-
treatment-of-high-cholesterol-
hyperlipidemia#:~:text=Hyperlipidemia%20means%20your%20blood%2
0has,and%20the%20risk%20of%20blockages
https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions-
treatments/hyperlipidemia
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chol
esterol#:~:text=Cholesterol%20is%20produced%20by%20the,the%20st
ructure%20of%20cell%20membranes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5498979/
https://www.pritikin.com/best-meal-plan-for-lower-cholesterol
https://medicine.umich.edu/sites/default/files/content/downloads/Scarlett
%20Erin%20December%207%20Dietary%20Approaches.pdf