BOBCATSSS 2021 - The Future of Digital Transformation in Government Administration - Luis Vidigal

Luís Vidigal – Jan 2021
APDSI / ISOC.PT / PASC
Digital Transformation
The Future of Digital
Transformation in Government
Administration
Luís Vidigal
ZOOM –21stJanuary 2021
1

Summary
1. ICT in Administrative Modernization
2. Information and document Management
3. Experience in computer forensics: e-Discovery tools
4. Where we are and cenarios for the future...
2

ICT in Administrative
Modernization
3

Main trends
• Transforming government transaction services
• Disintermediating people in the processes
• Data-driven government
• Better access to and management of information
• Enhancing citizen satisfaction and trust
• Bridging the digital divide
• Meeting the needs of rapidly changing demographics
• Balancing costs while optimizing efficiency
4

Quality
Management
Opening and Data
Sharing
“Once Only”
Orientation to
corporate life
events
Orientation to
Citizen's life events
Rationalization of
Structures
Innovation and
Digital
Transformation
Multichannel
service
“One Stop Shop”
Quality and
legislative
consolidation
Administrative Modernization Ecosystem
Human resource
Management
Performance
evaluation
and Training
Financial and
Material Resources
Management
Process
Reengineering and
Simplification
Ethics,
Transparency and
Accountability
Inclusion and
Equity
Receptivity to
criticism and
suggestions
Management of
Public Private
Partnerships
1 - Plan 2 - Do
3 - Check
4 - Act
Information
management
5

It is urgent to change focus
Power
oriented
Citizen
oriented
6

The road from e-Government to e-Governance
Presence
Interaction
Transaction
Transformation
e-Democracy
Adapted from Siau & Long (2005)
Cultural
and
Political
challenges
Openness
Collaboration
Participation
Transparency
Mutual Trust
7

e-Government Maturity stages
Presence
on the Web
Interaction
Transaction
Transformation
e-Democracy
Tech
step
Technological
step
Cultural
step
Political
step
v
Automation of
existing services
v
Transformation
of PA services
Time / Complexity / Integration
Benefits
/
Costs
Adapted from Siau & Long (2005)
Most countries are here
8

Maturity of e-Government
Three-dimensional Model
Dem
ocratization
Political participation
Universality
Integration
Interoperability
Cooperation
Point of Excellency
of e-Government
Transformation
Personalization
Starting
point
Services
Maturity
Transaction
end-to-end
Technological
Dimension
Social
Dimension
Political
Dimension
9

Different perspectives ...
Vanity fairs and fragmented power silos
Government Administration
Citizen or
Businessman
10

Building a House
Starting a Business
Birth of a child
Death of a Relative
House Purchase
Obtaining a Social Security Allowance
Car Purchase
Citizen or
Businessman
Oriented to life events
Breaking the walls
11

• Disintermediate
• Share
• Reuse
• Automate
People Companies Territory Vehicles
• Once only
• Interoperability
Citizen or
Businessman
Certificates
12

A new model for the state reform
Shared repositories (data orientated)
Processes
(life events oriented)
People Companies Territory Vehicles
Re-think organizational structures and processes
Quality
focused
on
• Openness
• Collaboration
• Participation
• Transparency
• Mutual Trust
Citizens
and
businesses
Productivity (Collaborative Services)
CRUD
• Who Creates?
• Who Retrieves?
• Who Updates?
• Who Deletes?
13

Different speeds in transversal processes
Ferraris and snails
300 5 300 5
Snail speed
14

Principles for reducing red tape in the EU
Once only principle
Do not ask for repeated information from
citizens and businesses
Impact:
• Cost minimization
• Maximizing benefits
Time
Adapted from EU (2014). Study on eGovernment and the Reduction of Administrative Burden
Simplification and
customization
Digital by default
Shared repositories
Life event
Processes
15

Interoperability Levels
Organizational
“Peopleware” (Will)
Semantical
“Infoware” (Language)
Where
everything fails
Technological
“ Software” and ” Hardware” (infrastructure)
Legal
“Rulesware” (Power)
16

Breaking Barriers
17

IS/IT skills - Sovereignty and operational risk
IS / IT Coordination (CIO) IS / IT Management (CIO) IS development and operation
(“factory”)
• Alignment with political strategy
• IS / IT policies and strategies
• Architectures:
• Business
• Data
• Applications
• Technological
• IS / IT normalization
• IS / IT investments
• Organizational innovation
• Product portfolio
• Risk management
• Enhance independent audit
• Project management
• Contract management
• Operational planning
• Quality and Performance
Control
• Improvement management and
product versions
• Change management
• Management of customer
relations and service levels
• Knowledge and skills
management
• Security management
• Third-party application
certification
• Application design and development
• Analysis
• Development and testing
• Deployment
• Product management
• Installation of products
• Product configuration
• User Management
• Operation and Communications
• Operation
• Communications
• Administration of systems and
databases
• Local systems administration
High sovereignty Median sovereignty Low sovereignty
“Architecture” “Management” “Engineering”
18

Reduction of intermediate jobs
Technology is progressively replacing medium-
skill jobs, increasing polarization
OCDE (2014). Policy Challenges for the Next 50 Years. Economic Policy Paper, July
No. 9
“Citizenship
Mediators”
CITIZEN SPACE
19

IS/IT continuity and sustainability risks
Processes and data going through different IT "black boxes"
Processes and Data main assets
Priority to
standards and
semantics
20

Data
Identification
Patrimony
Location
Infractions
Debts
Income
Education
Health
etc.
Documents
Dynamic,
personalized,
contextual and
citizen-oriented
A safe and private channel for citizens
oriented to a life event
“Once Only”
“Just in time”
“Just in case”
Unique repositories
Data-driven public services
21

Data-oriented,
contextual and
dynamic documents
22

From documents to processes
Power over
Papers
Power over
Flows
Transparency and Accountability
23
Favors and
Corruption
Process
Control and
Transparency

Removing arbitrariness
The real law
is the
algorithm
To recover
• Accountability
• Coordination
• Transparency
• Equity
• Impartiality
New Weberian
and post NPM
Process
Control and
Transparency
24

Where to start?
People Technologies
Egg
Chicken 25

Where to start?
26
New technologies New paradigms

International commitment
• Empowering citizens
• Greater Transparency
• Fight against corruption
• Intensive Use of ICT
More than
70 countries
27

Information and document
Management
28

Knowledge / Action Pyramid
Action
Observations
Data
Information
Knowledge
Real World
29

DIK pyramid
Information
What?
Who?
Where?
When?
Data that gain
meaning and
utility
Knowledge How?
Value
information
Data
• Raw symbols
• They simply exist and have no
meaning in them
Human mind
ICT
Reliability
Relevance
Importance
Facts
Texts
Images
Artificial
Intelligence
and
Big
Data
(e-Discovery)
30

Structured Document Handling
31
Libraries
Archives
Primary Documents
Data
Metadata
Data about Data
Record
File
Field
• Authority Tables
• Classification
• UDC
• Dewey
• ...
• Indexing
• Thesaurus
* *
*
*
Controlled
vocabularies

Archives, files and treatment options
Simple
Manual
32
Structured
Complex
Automatic
Unstructured

Semantic Web
Architecture
33

Information Management Ecosystem
•Enterprise Content Management (ECM)
•Web Content Management (WCM)
•Document Management (DM)
•Digital Asset Management (DAM)
•Digital Rights Management (DRM)
•Enterprise Information Portal (EIP)
•Knowledge Management (KM)
•Software Configuration Management (SCM)
34

Experience in computer forensics
e-Discovery tools
35

85% of criminal investigation
cases involve digital evidence
with unstructured information
Report on Industry Trends for Law Enforcement (2019) 36

ICT tools for criminal and judicial investigation
• Disk and data capture tools
• File viewers
• File analysis tools
• Record analysis tools
• Deep Internet Analysis Tools (Deep and Dark Web)
• Email analysis tools
• Mobile analytics tools
• Mac OS analysis tools
• Network forensic tools
• Forensic database tools
37

e-Discovery tools
Artificial intelligence
Digital evidence
E-Discovery Software
38

Digital Evidence Management
Potential digital
source
Device
digital storage
File type
Extracted
All data collected and copied
using extraction tools
File clusters
Files grouped by similarity.
Indexing and search enabled.
All metadata retained
Connection
Discovery
Tool-ready servers
Files of possible
criminal suspects
Detailed examination
39

EDRM - Electronic Discovery Reference Model
40

Role of ICT in the fight against Corruption
•Awareness
•Repporting and transparency
•Complience with rules
•Risk Management
•Human Desintermediation
41

Digital fingerprint in Government
against corruption
•Political and administrative agendas?
•Job mismatches?
•Who defines the problems?
•Who defines the solutions?
•Who decides the acquisition?
•Effective beneficiaries?
•”Follow the money”
42

Security Requirements
• Integrity
–Complete and unchanged
• Confidentiality
–Conditioned access
• Authenticity
–Person's identity
• Non-repudiation
–Guaranteed transaction
43

Where we are
and cenarios for the future...
44

Exponential acceleration of technology
over the past 30 years
45

Less computers, more gadgets
Mainframes
Midsize computers
Desktops
Portables
Mobile devices
Smart objects
Time
Cost / Complexity
Effort /
Learning
46

Internet of Things - IoT / Everything IoE
Imagine a world
where things are
always connected to
the Internet and
interact with people
and all kind of stuff
47

Cloud and Fog Computing
Where are
all the data?
48

Technological Trends for 2030 (APDSI)
• Human Improvement: Through biotechnology (NBIC)
• Non-marginal extension of human life
• Transhumanism
• AI self-determination
• The Internet of “everything” (IoE)
• Programmable Materials
• Quantum computing
• Robots with group action
49

Machine Human Brain
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning
50

Man or Machine?
Human Intelligence Test
51

For now the machines are Mice
52

Neuromorphic Systems
53

Brain architecture
What elements, flows, logic?…
54

Energy limitations
• The ability of the human brain
to process massive amounts
of information while
consuming minimal energy
• The brain dials up
computation, but then it
rapidly reverts to a baseline
state
• Processing large volumes of
data requires massive
amounts of electrical energy
• When artificial intelligence
(AI) and deep learning and
machine learning enter the
picture, the problem grows
exponentially worse.
Humans
20 watts
Desktops
200 watts
Supercomputers
20 megawatts
55

Intel "Pohoiki Beach" neuromorphic system
Intel combines 64 of its
Loihi "brain-on-a-chip"
neuromorphic chips to
form a "Pohoiki Beach"
neuromorphic system
featuring eight million
artificial neurons
https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2020/8/246356-neuromorphic-chips-take-shape/fulltext
Samuel Greengard
Neuromorphic Chips Take Shape
Communications of the ACM, August 2020
Perform on-chip processing
asynchronously.
Just as the human brain uses
the specific neurons and
synapses it needs to perform
any given task at maximum
efficiency.
56

Applications
•Image and speech recognition
•Robotics and autonomous vehicles
•Sensors running in the Internet of Things (IoT)
•Medical devices
•Artificial body parts
•Etc.
57

Brain tracking robots?
SIGNAL / AFCEA - July 2019
https://www.afcea.org/content/crawling-robots-brain
The University of Pennsylvania and
Cornell University recently announced
that they have built solar powered
nano robots made of silicon.
One million of these robots can fit on a
10 cm silicon wafer.
These robots are massively built in
parallel, which corresponds to one
million robots.
These microscopic machines can
support up to 30 times their own
weight, travel at the speed of biological
cells, survive temperatures up to 400
degrees and can be injected with a
hypodermic needle
58

Thank you
Telefone: +351 963459044
Skype: luis.vidigal1
Blog: http://mudaroestado.blogspot.com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/lvidigal
Linkedin: http://www.linkedin.com/in/luisvidigal
Twitter: @luisvidigal
Presentations: http://www.slideshare.net/vidigal
Papers: https://ulisboa.academia.edu/LuisVidigal
59

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