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String Quintet in C major
Name:
Professor:
May 1, 2019
Franz Schubert (1797-1828) born in Vienna is an outstanding
representative of the early Romantic music of the West. His
work reflects the connection between the classical music
tradition of Vienna and the new romanticism of the 19th
century. Schubert received a good artistic influence from an
early age. When he was 5 years old, he began to learn music
with his father. When she was a child, Schubert had an amazing
voice and an admirable tone. In 1808 he was admitted to the
boarding school of the church and became a small singer in the
Children's Choir of the Palace Theatre. In the boarding school,
Schubert studied many professional courses, went to the theater
to listen to opera, and contacted many works by Mozart, Haydn,
and many other composers. In his short life, he has produced
more than 600 artistic songs, making a big contribution to the
development of art songs. I will analyze String Quintet in
Cmajor.
String Quintet in C major is one of his chamber music work,
created in the last year of his life -1828. This quintet uses two
violins, one viola, and two cellos. This arrangement makes the
bass of the music enhanced. The two cells are also Dialogues
can be made, and the interlacing of sounds between different
instruments becomes complicated. It is the treasure in chamber
music, both in terms of writing skills and spiritual. It is often
commented on Schubert's greatest chamber music in his later
years.
The D.956[footnoteRef:2] is compiled with a cello in addition
to the string quartet. This arrangement makes the bass of the
music enhanced, and there can be a dialogue between the two
cellos, so the melody of the symphony in D.956The proportion
has increased significantly, and the vernacular says that the
sound interlacing of different instruments becomes more
complicated. [2: Rick Anderson. Reviewed Work: String
Quintet, D956. 2005]
The string quintet consists[footnoteRef:3]offourmovements in
the usualquick-slow-scherzo-quick pattern: [3: William, Brown.
Menahem Pressler: Artistry in Piano Teaching. Indiana
University Press, 2009.]
1. Allegro ma non troppo
2. Adagio
3. Scherzo. Presto – Trio. Andante sostenuto
4. Allegretto
The first movement of the "C major string quintet" is composed
of a sonata style. The quintet opens with an extremely
expansive movement compare with other late Schubert works.
The length of Allegro is over one-third of the total length of the
piece around 50 minutes. The exposition lasted 154 measures
and began with a wide range of C major chords. Schubert
presents his unforgettable harmony, well-contoured melody and
without regular rhythm pulses. This is followed by music
leading to a second contrasting theme with gradually increasing
motion and tension. In the E-flat accidental key, it is
introduced into the duo between the two units. This part ends
with a dominant (G major) chord that naturally returns to the
open pitch chord when it repeats. After the World Expo re-
enactment, Schubert adjusts the development part, from G major
to A major. The music is in the form of Allegro, but the music
does not feel very fast at the beginning of the music. Therefore,
in the structure of the music, it is possible to create an illusion
that this is the introduction of the first movement, but from the
subsequent development of music. In the middle, we can deny
this illusion.
The second movement is Adagio, showing a romantic feeling
like a poem. It is very long (more than 14 minutes), which is
roughly the same length as the first movement without the
presentation. Representing the three paragraphs of the trilogy of
the three-part A-B-A in sharp contrast. The first stage is played
with the intensity of pp. The theme of E major is quiet and full
of affection. On the gradual theme, the homophones of the first
violin repeat and jump into the sound pattern as if expressing a
kind of sadness and screaming. The middle section uses ff and f
minor to form a strong contrast with the head and tail. The
powerful chords and sorrowful theme melody together form a
nearly heartbreaking, painful and rebellious passage, showing
the West. The thought, emotion and artistic tendency of music
in the early period of romanticism. The third movement is quite
long, contrasting with the soft movement, its structure is huge,
unrestrained, from time to time reminds people of the horn of
hunting. This movement consists of three parts, the first and last
two parts of the singer 3 and the middle of the three middle, the
singular theme melody developed on the basis of a hunting
horn-like motive, the symphony band on the adapter Thinking
makes the music grand and lively and lively. The most
prominent feature of this movement is its three middles: First,
Schubert pioneered the slow three-sound middle with a 4/4 beat;
secondly, the three middles of the movement echoed the soft
board. The squeaky Presto goes to the ongoing board (Andante
sostenuto), the music is full of mystery, like funeral music or
thinking like a person, this music is reminiscent of the medieval
church The sacred music in the music, as well as the music
played by the organ. The main tonality of this movement in C
major and its curved structure is a complex trilogy.
The fourth movement of the music structure Thefourth
movement uses the speed of Allegretto instead of Allegro, the
beat is 2/2, like the "a minor quartet", with a more brisk
atmosphere, it is brisk The bright musical mood also expresses
the tension accumulated in the previous three movements.
Through the analysis, the author defines the type of the music
structure of this movement as a revolving sonata.
Schubert lived in the intersection period of classicism and
romanticism and was also a giant of classicism music and a
pioneer of romanticism music. He emphasized the expression of
personal emotion, sought for the liberation of personality, and
at the same time pursued the spiritual creation of free mind and
free imagination. The thought of the romantic composer
emphasizes individuality, attaches great importance to personal
emotion and creativity. He not only absorbs the creative
techniques and experience of predecessors but also forms his
own unique music style by combining his own thinking mode.
As a late music work of Schubert, the string quintet in C major
inevitably shows the combination of these two music styles in
its music. It not only reflects Schubert’s inheritance and
innovation of classical structural art but also heralds the arrival
of a new romantic era. But for many classical music viewers, I
can't hear why this work is great, and I don't even think it is a
piece of sweet music. Compared to Schubert's other quintet
"Squid", the popularity and popularity of this D.956 is probably
far away. In fact, I think that the biggest obstacle to appreciate
this work is that there is less "song length" and "singing
melody", so if you start listening from the beginning, you will
find it difficult to get into the ear, and your attention will soon
dissipate. But if you have the proper guidance, you can grasp
the focus of the music. Once you hear them, I think you will
love this piece.
Bibliography
Robert Anderson. “String Quintet in C d956.” The Musical
Times 124, no.1680 (1983): p.108
Robert Anderson. “String Quartets Nos 9-13.” The Musical
Times 111, no.1534 (1970):1235-1236
Stanley Sadie. “String Quintet in C, Op 37 no 7.” The Musical
Times 109, no.1505 (1968): 640
William Kinderman. 19th-Century Music. Vol. 21, No. 2. pp.
208-222, 1997
Tempo. New Series. No. 123, p56-58, 1977
Sitcoms
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(1951-1957)
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(1951-1957)
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Style of Humor
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(1951-1957)
Innovations
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(1951-1957)
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Unique Lighting
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(1951-1957)
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Unique Lighting
Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope)
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(1951-1957)
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Unique Lighting
Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope)
Live Studio Audience
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(1951-1957)
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Unique Lighting
Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope)
Live Studio Audience
Moved production to Hollywood
Sitcoms
(1951-1957)
Innovations
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Unique Lighting
Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope)
Live Studio Audience
Moved production to Hollywood
Stars as producers: Desilu Productions
Sitcoms
(1951-1957)
Innovations
Three-Camera Sitcom
Unique Lighting
Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope)
Live Studio Audience
Moved production to Hollywood
Stars as producers: Desilu Productions
Multiethnic couple
Sitcoms
(1951-1957)
Innovations
Three-Camera Sitcom
Unique Lighting
Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope)
Live Studio Audience
Moved production to Hollywood
Stars as producers: Desilu Productions
Multiethnic couple
Re-runs
Sitcoms
(1951-1957)
Innovations
Three-Camera Sitcom
Unique Lighting
Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope)
Live Studio Audience
Moved production to Hollywood
Stars as producers: Desilu Productions
Multiethnic couple
Re-runs
Many sitcom tropes
Sitcoms
(1951-1957)
Innovations
Style of Humor
Sitcoms
(1951-1957)
Style of Humor
Basic Plot: Lucy’s wacky schemes usually backfire, causing
hilarity
Silly
Physical comedy thru Lucy’s reaction to the Vitameatavegamin
Ricky’s accent
Musical number gives it almost a vaudeville style
Marriage humor
Other episodes: Lucy is treated as a child by Ricky
Sitcoms
(1951-1957)
“Whatever battles the Ricardos may wage, whatever disasters
may afflict their home and friends, they are made all right by
Ricky’s love for Lucy – not by Lucy’s love for Ricky, nor even
by their mutual affection, but by Ricky’s paternal, lordly
conferring of forgiveness and acceptance.”
– Gerard Jones, Honey, I’m Home! Sitcoms: Selling the
American Dream (1992), p. 71
Sitcoms
(1970-1977)
Innovations
Style of Humor
Sitcoms
VS.
Sitcoms
(1970-1977)
Innovations
Focus on single professional woman w/o a serious boyfriend
Addressing contemporary issues w/o being heavy-handed
First character taking “the Pill”
MTM Productions & Grant Tinker
Spinoffs: Rhoda, Phyllis, Lou Grant
Surrogate family in workplace
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Characters:
Lou
Ted
Murray
Mary
Georgette
Sue Ann
Sitcoms
(1970-1977)
Style of Humor
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(1970-1977)
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Focus on relationships, characterization
Witty repartee
Dialogue; verbal vs. physical
Actual jokes
Making fun of the “talent”: Ted, Sue Ann
Everything gets wrapped up
“Good” message
Kind of nice
Sitcoms
(1982-1993)
Sitcoms
(1982-1993)
Innovations
Style of Humor
Sitcoms
(1982-1993)
Innovations
Classic style
Will they/Won’t they? plot
Comedy w/tenderness
Bar as home: characters and audience
Characters as Comedy Archetypes
Crossovers
Spinoff: Frasier (1993-2004)
Sitcoms
(1982-1993)
Style of Humor
Sitcoms
(1982-1993)
Style of Humor
Sarcasm
Witty Banter and One-Liners
Deliberate Misunderstandings
Running Jokes (“Norm!”)
Mismatched Couple w/Sexual Tension
Relationships
Sitcoms
(1982-1993)
Style of Humor
Sarcasm
Witty Banter and One-Liners
Deliberate Misunderstandings
Running Jokes
Mismatched Couple
Relationships
Sam vs./+ Diane
Diane vs. Carla
Norm + Cliff
Carla vs. Cliff
Frasier vs./+ Lilith
Frasier + Diane vs. Working Class
Sitcoms
(1989-1998)
Innovations
Style of Humor
Sitcoms
(1989-1998)
Innovations
Focus on creators’ vision: Larry David/Jerry Seinfeld
Selfish, conniving characters (vs. likable)
Complicated narrative structure w/ intertwined plots
“Bridge” characters
Coincidence
Character act on whims
Goals aren’t achieved or backfire
Not workplace or family; it’s about hanging out
More scenes (26 vs. 7)
Mixing single and multi-camera
No lessons
A show about nothing: self-reflexive
Sitcoms
I Love Lucy
Physical Comedy; Lucy’s reactions
Single plot
3 camera sitcom
Mary Tyler Moore Show
Conversational/Relationships
“A” Story and “B” Story come together
Co-Workers as family
Cheers
Will they/Won’t they? plot
Sarcasm and insults
Comedy archetypes
Sitcoms
(1989-1998)
Style of Humor
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(1989-1998)
Style of Humor
Catchphrases: Yadda yadda yadda, shrinkage, sponge-worthy,
no soup for you, etc.
Taking mundane events to their extremes
Seeing how characters will try to gain upper hand over others
Jerry, George, Elaine, & Kramer vs. the world
Misanthropic
Seeing how it all comes together
The Seinfeld Universe
Sitcoms
(2009-2015)
Innovations
Style of Humor
Sitcoms
(2009-2015)
Innovations
Cinematic Style
Single camera
No laugh track
Willingness to break out of sitcom realism
Large regular cast
Postmodern/ “meta”
Acknowledging the artificiality of TV
Aware of sitcom rules (& willing to break them)
Knowledgeable characters (Abed)
Ironic criticism; cyncial
Mocking tone
Not really a sitcom
Sitcoms
(2009-2015)
Innovations
Cinematic Style
Single camera
No laugh track
Willingness to break out of sitcom realism
Large regular cast
Postmodern/ “meta”
Jeff: “Abed, stop being meta. Why do you always have to take
whatever happens to us and shove it up its own ass.”
Sitcoms
(2009-2015)
Innovations
Cinematic Style
No multicamera
No laugh track
Willingness to break out of sitcom realism
Large regular cast
Postmodern/ “meta”
Acknowledging the artificiality of TV
Aware of sitcom rules (& willing to break them)
Knowledgeable characters (Abed)
Ironic criticism; cyncial
Mocking tone
Not really a sitcom
Sitcoms
(2009-2015)
Style of Humor
Sitcoms
(2009-2015)
Style of Humor
Getting the references
Relationships
How types, clichés get twisted
Playing to our sitcom expertise
Fast-paced
Cruel & ironic, but ultimately sincere
Fan service
Kind of silly, absurd
Again, postmodernism
TV in American Life
April 12, 2019
Group Presentation: Sitcoms
Details:
Due Dates: Monday, May 6; Wednesday, May 8; Friday, May
10; Monday, May 13
Length: 10-12 minutes
Value: 150 points
Description:
In a couple of weeks, we are going to be laying out a brief
history of the situation comedy by focusing on five
series: I Love Lucy, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Cheers,
Seinfeld, and Community. We will be discussing how certain
visual aspects of the series have changed. We will also examine
how humor itself has changed over the course of
the nearly 70 years of sitcom history. For this group
presentation, you and your partners will be examining an
additional sitcom. (You can choose the sitcom, but it cannot be
any of the five we will be discussing; it also cannot
be All in the Family or any show that anyone in your group has
used for any other assignments this semester. In
other words, it needs to be something new.) Your job will be to
fit your sitcom into the history that we’ve
established in class. Which series is it most like? How was it
influenced by the series we will be examining in class?
How is it different from these sitcoms? How innovative is your
series? How does your sitcom’s sense of humor
compare to the sitcoms we discussed in class? You will want to
examine both the more technical aspects of the
series (including camera use, the laugh track, the structure of
episodes, and more) and the series’ overall sense of
humor. Basically, in your presentation, you’ll be doing what we
will have done in class – just with a different
sitcom. In your presentation, though, you should explain the
most significant connection between your sitcom and
the ones we will have discussed in class. And then you’ll need
to explain HOW this connection works.
When you’re thinking about which sitcom you should use, you
should keep in mind that we’re generally talking
about ½ hour programs aired on a network, a cable channel, or
streaming service. Also, we’re basically looking for
series that are meant to be funny. Sitcoms should be narrative,
so you can’t use Late Night with Stephen Colbert or
other similar talk shows. Narrative animation that functions as a
sitcom, like The Simpsons or Bob’s Burgers, would
qualify for this assignment. When you’re preparing your
presentation, you might want to use a single episode from
your series to create a really strong focus, but can also make
brief references to other episodes. Make sure that
you’ve got good, specific evidence to support your analysis.
You shouldn’t need to do any research for the
presentation, but if you need to check on characters’ names, the
website imdb.com is always useful. (If you do any
research to flesh out your ideas, make sure you cite the sources
in your presentation. Our book The Platinum Age
of Television might be a good source, depending on the sitcom
you are working on.) You will probably want to
watch multiple episodes of your sitcom very closely so that you
can develop some concrete examples to support
your ideas. The presentation needs to be your analysis, not a
report about the sitcom, but you will need to include
a brief summary or description of your series.
As a presentation, you will need to include a visual component.
That could be clip from the show (but try to limit
yourself to about 2 minutes) or a PowerPoint presentation with
images, or a combination of both. Make sure that
all members of the group talk during the presentation. Using
notes is fine, but reading a script (whether it’s on
paper or on the screen) will hurt your overall grade.
Evaluation:
A high-quality presentation will have the following ingredients:
• Well-developed analysis that reveals specific connections to
the series discussed in class
• An examination of both the technical aspects of your sitcom as
well as its sense of humor
• Brief summary of the sitcom and perhaps a specific episode
being focused on
• Clear evidence – including visual elements – that support your
analysis
• Interesting and engaging presentation that is clearly delivered
with useful and appropriate visual elements.
In your presentation, all members of the group must talk.
Visuals need to be presented clearly, without
taking up too much time for arranging your clip, and everything
must be explained thoroughly and in a
well-organized fashion. Try to engage with audience; make eye
contact and avoid reading.

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Schubert String Quintet Analysis

  • 1. 1 String Quintet in C major Name: Professor: May 1, 2019 Franz Schubert (1797-1828) born in Vienna is an outstanding representative of the early Romantic music of the West. His work reflects the connection between the classical music tradition of Vienna and the new romanticism of the 19th century. Schubert received a good artistic influence from an early age. When he was 5 years old, he began to learn music with his father. When she was a child, Schubert had an amazing voice and an admirable tone. In 1808 he was admitted to the boarding school of the church and became a small singer in the
  • 2. Children's Choir of the Palace Theatre. In the boarding school, Schubert studied many professional courses, went to the theater to listen to opera, and contacted many works by Mozart, Haydn, and many other composers. In his short life, he has produced more than 600 artistic songs, making a big contribution to the development of art songs. I will analyze String Quintet in Cmajor. String Quintet in C major is one of his chamber music work, created in the last year of his life -1828. This quintet uses two violins, one viola, and two cellos. This arrangement makes the bass of the music enhanced. The two cells are also Dialogues can be made, and the interlacing of sounds between different instruments becomes complicated. It is the treasure in chamber music, both in terms of writing skills and spiritual. It is often commented on Schubert's greatest chamber music in his later years. The D.956[footnoteRef:2] is compiled with a cello in addition to the string quartet. This arrangement makes the bass of the music enhanced, and there can be a dialogue between the two cellos, so the melody of the symphony in D.956The proportion has increased significantly, and the vernacular says that the sound interlacing of different instruments becomes more complicated. [2: Rick Anderson. Reviewed Work: String Quintet, D956. 2005] The string quintet consists[footnoteRef:3]offourmovements in the usualquick-slow-scherzo-quick pattern: [3: William, Brown. Menahem Pressler: Artistry in Piano Teaching. Indiana University Press, 2009.] 1. Allegro ma non troppo 2. Adagio 3. Scherzo. Presto – Trio. Andante sostenuto 4. Allegretto The first movement of the "C major string quintet" is composed of a sonata style. The quintet opens with an extremely
  • 3. expansive movement compare with other late Schubert works. The length of Allegro is over one-third of the total length of the piece around 50 minutes. The exposition lasted 154 measures and began with a wide range of C major chords. Schubert presents his unforgettable harmony, well-contoured melody and without regular rhythm pulses. This is followed by music leading to a second contrasting theme with gradually increasing motion and tension. In the E-flat accidental key, it is introduced into the duo between the two units. This part ends with a dominant (G major) chord that naturally returns to the open pitch chord when it repeats. After the World Expo re- enactment, Schubert adjusts the development part, from G major to A major. The music is in the form of Allegro, but the music does not feel very fast at the beginning of the music. Therefore, in the structure of the music, it is possible to create an illusion that this is the introduction of the first movement, but from the subsequent development of music. In the middle, we can deny this illusion. The second movement is Adagio, showing a romantic feeling like a poem. It is very long (more than 14 minutes), which is roughly the same length as the first movement without the presentation. Representing the three paragraphs of the trilogy of the three-part A-B-A in sharp contrast. The first stage is played with the intensity of pp. The theme of E major is quiet and full of affection. On the gradual theme, the homophones of the first violin repeat and jump into the sound pattern as if expressing a kind of sadness and screaming. The middle section uses ff and f minor to form a strong contrast with the head and tail. The powerful chords and sorrowful theme melody together form a nearly heartbreaking, painful and rebellious passage, showing the West. The thought, emotion and artistic tendency of music in the early period of romanticism. The third movement is quite long, contrasting with the soft movement, its structure is huge, unrestrained, from time to time reminds people of the horn of hunting. This movement consists of three parts, the first and last two parts of the singer 3 and the middle of the three middle, the
  • 4. singular theme melody developed on the basis of a hunting horn-like motive, the symphony band on the adapter Thinking makes the music grand and lively and lively. The most prominent feature of this movement is its three middles: First, Schubert pioneered the slow three-sound middle with a 4/4 beat; secondly, the three middles of the movement echoed the soft board. The squeaky Presto goes to the ongoing board (Andante sostenuto), the music is full of mystery, like funeral music or thinking like a person, this music is reminiscent of the medieval church The sacred music in the music, as well as the music played by the organ. The main tonality of this movement in C major and its curved structure is a complex trilogy. The fourth movement of the music structure Thefourth movement uses the speed of Allegretto instead of Allegro, the beat is 2/2, like the "a minor quartet", with a more brisk atmosphere, it is brisk The bright musical mood also expresses the tension accumulated in the previous three movements. Through the analysis, the author defines the type of the music structure of this movement as a revolving sonata. Schubert lived in the intersection period of classicism and romanticism and was also a giant of classicism music and a pioneer of romanticism music. He emphasized the expression of personal emotion, sought for the liberation of personality, and at the same time pursued the spiritual creation of free mind and free imagination. The thought of the romantic composer emphasizes individuality, attaches great importance to personal emotion and creativity. He not only absorbs the creative techniques and experience of predecessors but also forms his own unique music style by combining his own thinking mode. As a late music work of Schubert, the string quintet in C major inevitably shows the combination of these two music styles in its music. It not only reflects Schubert’s inheritance and innovation of classical structural art but also heralds the arrival of a new romantic era. But for many classical music viewers, I can't hear why this work is great, and I don't even think it is a piece of sweet music. Compared to Schubert's other quintet
  • 5. "Squid", the popularity and popularity of this D.956 is probably far away. In fact, I think that the biggest obstacle to appreciate this work is that there is less "song length" and "singing melody", so if you start listening from the beginning, you will find it difficult to get into the ear, and your attention will soon dissipate. But if you have the proper guidance, you can grasp the focus of the music. Once you hear them, I think you will love this piece. Bibliography Robert Anderson. “String Quintet in C d956.” The Musical Times 124, no.1680 (1983): p.108 Robert Anderson. “String Quartets Nos 9-13.” The Musical Times 111, no.1534 (1970):1235-1236 Stanley Sadie. “String Quintet in C, Op 37 no 7.” The Musical Times 109, no.1505 (1968): 640 William Kinderman. 19th-Century Music. Vol. 21, No. 2. pp. 208-222, 1997 Tempo. New Series. No. 123, p56-58, 1977 Sitcoms Sitcoms (1951-1957)
  • 6. Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations Style of Humor Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations Three-Camera Sitcom Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations
  • 7. Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope) Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope) Live Studio Audience Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope) Live Studio Audience Moved production to Hollywood Sitcoms
  • 8. (1951-1957) Innovations Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope) Live Studio Audience Moved production to Hollywood Stars as producers: Desilu Productions Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope) Live Studio Audience Moved production to Hollywood Stars as producers: Desilu Productions Multiethnic couple Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations
  • 9. Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope) Live Studio Audience Moved production to Hollywood Stars as producers: Desilu Productions Multiethnic couple Re-runs Sitcoms (1951-1957) Innovations Three-Camera Sitcom Unique Lighting Shot on Film (vs. Kinescope) Live Studio Audience Moved production to Hollywood Stars as producers: Desilu Productions Multiethnic couple Re-runs Many sitcom tropes Sitcoms (1951-1957)
  • 10. Innovations Style of Humor Sitcoms (1951-1957) Style of Humor Basic Plot: Lucy’s wacky schemes usually backfire, causing hilarity Silly Physical comedy thru Lucy’s reaction to the Vitameatavegamin Ricky’s accent Musical number gives it almost a vaudeville style Marriage humor Other episodes: Lucy is treated as a child by Ricky Sitcoms (1951-1957) “Whatever battles the Ricardos may wage, whatever disasters may afflict their home and friends, they are made all right by Ricky’s love for Lucy – not by Lucy’s love for Ricky, nor even by their mutual affection, but by Ricky’s paternal, lordly conferring of forgiveness and acceptance.” – Gerard Jones, Honey, I’m Home! Sitcoms: Selling the American Dream (1992), p. 71 Sitcoms (1970-1977)
  • 11. Innovations Style of Humor Sitcoms VS. Sitcoms (1970-1977) Innovations Focus on single professional woman w/o a serious boyfriend Addressing contemporary issues w/o being heavy-handed First character taking “the Pill” MTM Productions & Grant Tinker Spinoffs: Rhoda, Phyllis, Lou Grant Surrogate family in workplace Sitcoms Characters: Lou Ted Murray Mary
  • 12. Georgette Sue Ann Sitcoms (1970-1977) Style of Humor Sitcoms (1970-1977) Style of Humor Focus on relationships, characterization Witty repartee Dialogue; verbal vs. physical Actual jokes Making fun of the “talent”: Ted, Sue Ann Everything gets wrapped up “Good” message Kind of nice Sitcoms (1982-1993) Sitcoms (1982-1993)
  • 13. Innovations Style of Humor Sitcoms (1982-1993) Innovations Classic style Will they/Won’t they? plot Comedy w/tenderness Bar as home: characters and audience Characters as Comedy Archetypes Crossovers Spinoff: Frasier (1993-2004) Sitcoms (1982-1993) Style of Humor Sitcoms (1982-1993)
  • 14. Style of Humor Sarcasm Witty Banter and One-Liners Deliberate Misunderstandings Running Jokes (“Norm!”) Mismatched Couple w/Sexual Tension Relationships Sitcoms (1982-1993) Style of Humor Sarcasm Witty Banter and One-Liners Deliberate Misunderstandings Running Jokes Mismatched Couple Relationships Sam vs./+ Diane Diane vs. Carla Norm + Cliff Carla vs. Cliff Frasier vs./+ Lilith Frasier + Diane vs. Working Class Sitcoms (1989-1998) Innovations
  • 15. Style of Humor Sitcoms (1989-1998) Innovations Focus on creators’ vision: Larry David/Jerry Seinfeld Selfish, conniving characters (vs. likable) Complicated narrative structure w/ intertwined plots “Bridge” characters Coincidence Character act on whims Goals aren’t achieved or backfire Not workplace or family; it’s about hanging out More scenes (26 vs. 7) Mixing single and multi-camera No lessons A show about nothing: self-reflexive Sitcoms I Love Lucy Physical Comedy; Lucy’s reactions Single plot 3 camera sitcom Mary Tyler Moore Show Conversational/Relationships “A” Story and “B” Story come together Co-Workers as family Cheers Will they/Won’t they? plot Sarcasm and insults
  • 16. Comedy archetypes Sitcoms (1989-1998) Style of Humor Sitcoms (1989-1998) Style of Humor Catchphrases: Yadda yadda yadda, shrinkage, sponge-worthy, no soup for you, etc. Taking mundane events to their extremes Seeing how characters will try to gain upper hand over others Jerry, George, Elaine, & Kramer vs. the world Misanthropic Seeing how it all comes together The Seinfeld Universe Sitcoms (2009-2015) Innovations Style of Humor
  • 17. Sitcoms (2009-2015) Innovations Cinematic Style Single camera No laugh track Willingness to break out of sitcom realism Large regular cast Postmodern/ “meta” Acknowledging the artificiality of TV Aware of sitcom rules (& willing to break them) Knowledgeable characters (Abed) Ironic criticism; cyncial Mocking tone Not really a sitcom Sitcoms (2009-2015) Innovations Cinematic Style Single camera No laugh track Willingness to break out of sitcom realism Large regular cast Postmodern/ “meta” Jeff: “Abed, stop being meta. Why do you always have to take whatever happens to us and shove it up its own ass.”
  • 18. Sitcoms (2009-2015) Innovations Cinematic Style No multicamera No laugh track Willingness to break out of sitcom realism Large regular cast Postmodern/ “meta” Acknowledging the artificiality of TV Aware of sitcom rules (& willing to break them) Knowledgeable characters (Abed) Ironic criticism; cyncial Mocking tone Not really a sitcom Sitcoms (2009-2015) Style of Humor Sitcoms (2009-2015) Style of Humor Getting the references Relationships How types, clichés get twisted Playing to our sitcom expertise
  • 19. Fast-paced Cruel & ironic, but ultimately sincere Fan service Kind of silly, absurd Again, postmodernism TV in American Life April 12, 2019 Group Presentation: Sitcoms Details: Due Dates: Monday, May 6; Wednesday, May 8; Friday, May 10; Monday, May 13 Length: 10-12 minutes Value: 150 points Description: In a couple of weeks, we are going to be laying out a brief history of the situation comedy by focusing on five series: I Love Lucy, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Cheers, Seinfeld, and Community. We will be discussing how certain
  • 20. visual aspects of the series have changed. We will also examine how humor itself has changed over the course of the nearly 70 years of sitcom history. For this group presentation, you and your partners will be examining an additional sitcom. (You can choose the sitcom, but it cannot be any of the five we will be discussing; it also cannot be All in the Family or any show that anyone in your group has used for any other assignments this semester. In other words, it needs to be something new.) Your job will be to fit your sitcom into the history that we’ve established in class. Which series is it most like? How was it influenced by the series we will be examining in class? How is it different from these sitcoms? How innovative is your series? How does your sitcom’s sense of humor compare to the sitcoms we discussed in class? You will want to examine both the more technical aspects of the series (including camera use, the laugh track, the structure of episodes, and more) and the series’ overall sense of humor. Basically, in your presentation, you’ll be doing what we will have done in class – just with a different sitcom. In your presentation, though, you should explain the most significant connection between your sitcom and the ones we will have discussed in class. And then you’ll need to explain HOW this connection works.
  • 21. When you’re thinking about which sitcom you should use, you should keep in mind that we’re generally talking about ½ hour programs aired on a network, a cable channel, or streaming service. Also, we’re basically looking for series that are meant to be funny. Sitcoms should be narrative, so you can’t use Late Night with Stephen Colbert or other similar talk shows. Narrative animation that functions as a sitcom, like The Simpsons or Bob’s Burgers, would qualify for this assignment. When you’re preparing your presentation, you might want to use a single episode from your series to create a really strong focus, but can also make brief references to other episodes. Make sure that you’ve got good, specific evidence to support your analysis. You shouldn’t need to do any research for the presentation, but if you need to check on characters’ names, the website imdb.com is always useful. (If you do any research to flesh out your ideas, make sure you cite the sources in your presentation. Our book The Platinum Age of Television might be a good source, depending on the sitcom you are working on.) You will probably want to watch multiple episodes of your sitcom very closely so that you can develop some concrete examples to support your ideas. The presentation needs to be your analysis, not a report about the sitcom, but you will need to include
  • 22. a brief summary or description of your series. As a presentation, you will need to include a visual component. That could be clip from the show (but try to limit yourself to about 2 minutes) or a PowerPoint presentation with images, or a combination of both. Make sure that all members of the group talk during the presentation. Using notes is fine, but reading a script (whether it’s on paper or on the screen) will hurt your overall grade. Evaluation: A high-quality presentation will have the following ingredients: • Well-developed analysis that reveals specific connections to the series discussed in class • An examination of both the technical aspects of your sitcom as well as its sense of humor • Brief summary of the sitcom and perhaps a specific episode being focused on • Clear evidence – including visual elements – that support your analysis • Interesting and engaging presentation that is clearly delivered with useful and appropriate visual elements. In your presentation, all members of the group must talk. Visuals need to be presented clearly, without
  • 23. taking up too much time for arranging your clip, and everything must be explained thoroughly and in a well-organized fashion. Try to engage with audience; make eye contact and avoid reading.