Protein and it's function

3. I N T R O D U C T I O N
The term ‘single cell protein’ was coined in 1968 at
a meeting held at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT).
"The term single cell protein refers to the dried
microbial cell or total protein extracted from pure
microbial cell culture (algae, bacteria, filamentous
fungi, yeast) which can be used as protein -rich
food supplements by humans and animals " .
Also know as" Microbial Protein "

4. NEED?
For production of single cell protein

5. “Working to achieve food security through the development of a food protein
food renewable able to meet the daily dietary needs of protein and the
production of food safe and healthy value added because of its production on
the media (substrates) cheap and technological requirements available locally.”
• Microorganism like (bacteria, yeasts, fungi, algae) are used for production.
• It can be used to feed both humans and animals.

6. (1) Does not cause plant or human diseases
(2) Good nutritional value
(3) Absence of toxic compounds
(4) Low cost and the cost of production depends on factors such as the
rate of growth and protein content and the need for nutrients
subsidized and the use of transitional food media and the process of
separation and drying.
Certain traits should be respected in microorganisms used
in the production of unicellular protein for use in human or
animal nutrition:-

7. SCP has unique characteristics which make it desirable:-
-Having high protein content (up to 80%).
-Using various microorgamsms and methods.
-Using wastes as substrate with high efficiency.
-High yield of production due to the microorgamsm fast growth rate.
-- -Not depending to the seasonal factor.
Despite its high protein content in these organisms, they contain carbohydrates,
fats, vitamins, mineral salts as well as non-protein nitrogenous substances.

8. Yeast
Algae
Fungi
T H E M I C R O O R G A M S M ’ S U S E D

9. B A C T E R I A

10. • Growth rates are high compared to other
microorganisms,
• Their rapid growth their short generation
times; most can double their cell mass in 20
minutes to 2 hours.
• The protein produced by bacteria is
characterized by a high concentration of about
80% and its content of nucleic acids,especially
RNA is very high up to 20% .

11. • So some transactions must be carried out on this protein to reduce the proportion of
nucleic acids before being used in nutrition.
• It's content is good amino acids, but it is low Sulfur-containing amino acids should be
considered for the possibility of producing endotoxins by certain types of Gram-
positive bacteria.

12. ALGAE

13. • Algae ( such as genus of Chlorella and
genus Scenedesmus and genus of
Spirulina Alage ), is developed either
through
• Self-feeding process of photosynthesis
(the use of organic carbon as a source of
carbon and energy), or photosynthesis
is the most used so the light is the
limiting factor in the process.

14. Some of the algae like Chlorella,
Scenedesmus, Coelastrum and
Spirulina have
been found to suitable for mass
cultivation and utilization.
Algae like Chlorella and Spirulina are
used as SCP, Species of Dunaliella
provide richest source of high quality
products like glycerol, carotenoids
,proteins etc.

15. Commercial production, the best way to produce algae biomass as a
source of protein is the use of open ponds and the presence of sunlight

16. • Protein range in algae is 60%
• A good content of amino acids Low sulfuric amino acids and
algae contain high amount of photosynthetic dyes which are
desirable in the preparation of compound feeds

17. YEAST

18. • The production of yeast on a commercial
scale has evolved over more than a century,
especially species of Saccharomyces,
Candida and Torulopsis.
• Protein in the yeast 55 - 60% and contain 15%
nucleic acids
• It is common for most single-cell protein
proteins used in animal feed, as well as a
single-cell protein containing vitami

19. 1.Lower growth rates compared to bacteria
2. Lower protein content than bacteria (45-
65%)
Some disadvantages

20. F I L A M E N T O U S F U N G I

21. • Fungi are sources of SCP as they have high
content of protein Rhizopus arrhizus and
Aspergillus oryzae are nontoxic substrate.
• Although the growth rates of molds are
lower than bacteria and yeasts, it is
possible to isolate a number of micro-fungi
with growth rates that approximate the
growth rates of yeasts.
• When fungi grow in form of filament or
pellets, the percentage of raw protein in
moldsmay reach 50 -55% .
• It is a single –cell fungal protein with a high

22. N U T R I T I O N A L VA L U E O F S I N G L E - C E L L
P R O T E I N
• The value of unicellular protein used to feed animals and humans can be
determined as the bacteria contain the highest amount of protein from 72 to
83%, while the mold contains the lowest amount of it (31-50%) while the algae
and yeasts amount of protein from 47-63%.
• Nucleic acids in the animal feed is no problem as uric acid turns into a
soluble substance excreted with urine because of the enzyme urate oxidase
or called uricase.
• Uricase and this enzyme is missing in humans.

23. Component Fungi Algae Yeast Bacteria
Protein 30-45 40-60 45-55 33-65
Fat 2-8 7-20 2-6 1-3
Ash 9-14 8-10 3-10 3-7
Nucleic acid 7-10 3-8 6-12 8-12
A V E R A G E M A I N C O M P O S I T I O N O F
M I C R O O R G A N I S M S ( % D R Y W E I G H T )

24. CONCLUSION
• Single celled protein( SCP) proficient referring to the fact that most of
microorganisms used as producers grow as single or filamentous
individuals rather than a complex multi cellular organism such as plants
and animals
• Use of microbes in the production of proteins gives many advantages over
the conventional method.

25. • Microbes have shorter generation time allow easy
transformation, utilize many substrate have no requirements in
arable land or any particular season to grow and have the
possibility of continuous production in any part of world.
• The cell yield varies according to the substrate and type of
microorganism.

26. Factors affecting usage of scp -
1.All single celled microorganisms of interest from industrial point of view
have a non digestible envelope which makes protein assimilation difficult.
2.The content ofnucleic acids in the unicellular biomass is higher than
than the permissible level and may cause disorders of purine metabolism
in the human body.
3. The biomass of some unicellular microorganisms have an unpleasant
color(algae), taste, and smell which makes them unsuitable even for the
animal consumption.
4. Digestion of microbial cells is rather slow and is frequently associated
with indigestion and allergy reactions.

27. REFERENCE
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337814211_Microbiological_Sources_and_Nutrition
al_Value_of_Single_Cell_Protein_SCP