Nanotechnology for Wireless and Telecommunications Page 2 Nanotechnology for Wireless and Telecommunications 2 Nanotechnology for Wireless and Telecommunications Rosendo Ramos Student id# 31342432 ELEC 308 Nano-science and Nanotechnology Professor Dr.Loucas March 30, 2020 Abstract Nanotechnology has nowadays become the most amazing study in many fields such as civil engineering, chemical engineering, electronics, and medicine. Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic molecular and supramolecular scale (Abdullah-Al-Shafi, 2016). This, therefore, means that at its essence, it is the science of how to use small things in the advancement of technology. Introduction The devices that use wireless communication ranges from RFID tags to television set receivers and satellites to mobile phones. The availability of internet access from mobile devices is growing at an exponential rate that causes rising demand on the wireless network and mobile devices' performance. As the type of activities that consumers are engaging in over the wireless connections is changing day in day out, it has been an increased need for the devices to change also. For instance in radios, the increasing quantity of mobile internet traffic there has been increased the need for additional frequency for support. The modern world is becoming an intelligent interactive environment that has needs novel autonomous sensors with wireless communication links that require to be incorporated into an everyday object. This is the reason why sensors that are nano-enabled integrated with small RF transceivers are useful in monitoring air quality, water pollution among other aspects. The main drivers of changing into nanotechnology in wireless devices are needed for high performance, reduced consumption of power as well as reduced compact size. Background In nanotechnology, a semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator (Neupane, et al., 2019). In these semiconductors, the energy band that is highly occupied is filled with electrons completely and the next that is empty is the conduction band. The semiconductors resistivity can be altered by up to 10 orders of magnitude by doping. Semiconductors nanocrystals are made from various compounds. They are normally referred to as II-IV, III-V or IV-VI semiconductors nanocrystals. This is basing on the periodic table groups where there are three elements formed. Semiconductor nanowires are a unique system that will be in the future to be used in electronic and optoelectronic devices. It has been shown that if the semiconductor materials are minimized, their performance is maximized for their application in a wide range of material applications. Nanotechnology applications Nano-antenn ...

1. Nanotechnology for Wireless and Telecommunications
Page 2
Nanotechnology for Wireless and Telecommunications
2
Nanotechnology for Wireless and Telecommunications
Rosendo Ramos
Student id# 31342432
ELEC 308 Nano-science and Nanotechnology
Professor Dr.Loucas
March 30, 2020
Abstract
Nanotechnology has nowadays become the most amazing study

2. in many fields such as civil engineering, chemical engineering,
electronics, and medicine. Nanotechnology is the manipulation
of matter on an atomic molecular and supramolecular scale
(Abdullah-Al-Shafi, 2016). This, therefore, means that at its
essence, it is the science of how to use small things in the
advancement of technology.
Introduction
The devices that use wireless communication ranges from RFID
tags to television set receivers and satellites to mobile phones.
The availability of internet access from mobile devices is
growing at an exponential rate that causes rising demand on the
wireless network and mobile devices' performance. As the type
of activities that consumers are engaging in over the wireless
connections is changing day in day out, it has been an increased
need for the devices to change also. For instance in radios, the
increasing quantity of mobile internet traffic there has been
increased the need for additional frequency for support. The
modern world is becoming an intelligent interactive
environment that has needs novel autonomous sensors with
wireless communication links that require to be incorporated
into an everyday object. This is the reason why sensors that are
nano-enabled integrated with small RF transceivers are useful in
monitoring air quality, water pollution among other aspects.
The main drivers of changing into nanotechnology in wireless
devices are needed for high performance, reduced consumption
of power as well as reduced compact size.
Background
In nanotechnology, a semiconductor is a material with electrical
conductivity between a conductor and an insulator (Neupane, et
al., 2019). In these semiconductors, the energy band that is
highly occupied is filled with electrons completely and the next
that is empty is the conduction band. The semiconductors
resistivity can be altered by up to 10 orders of magnitude by
doping. Semiconductors nanocrystals are made from various
compounds. They are normally referred to as II-IV, III-V or IV-

3. VI semiconductors nanocrystals. This is basing on the periodic
table groups where there are three elements formed.
Semiconductor nanowires are a unique system that will be in the
future to be used in electronic and optoelectronic devices. It has
been shown that if the semiconductor materials are minimized,
their performance is maximized for their application in a wide
range of material applications.
Nanotechnology applications
Nano-antennas, Nano-transceivers, and Nano-networks /
Communications
With the increasing services of wireless communication like
paging, cellular phones as well as emerging personal
communication there in need of wireless applications.
Nanomaterials are materials that posse’s one external dimension
of 1-100nm which occurs naturally as a byproduct of
combustion reaction or they are produced purposefully through
engineering to perform a specialized action. Metamaterial
antennas use metamaterials to improve the small antenna
systems’ performance. Just like other systems, they are aimed at
launching energy into free space. This class of antennae,
however, is made by using materials that are engineered with
microscopic structures aimed at producing unusual physical
properties. These types of antennas as if they are much larger
than their usual size something that is caused by their novel
structure as well as their capability of re-radiating energy.
These antennas help in applications such as in the portable
interaction with satellites, wide-angle beam steering, and
communication with emergency devices among others. On the
other hand, nano-antenna arrays are important devices that are
used in converting propagating radiation into the confined
nanoscale. In simple terms, these are the visible spectrum
counterpart of the microwave and the radiofrequency antennas.
Nanotechnology is providing a new set of tools to the
engineering community for designing and manufacturing
electronic components. Plasmonic nano can realize competent
wireless links between optical nanocircuit components.

4. Nanoscale communication network scheme and energy model
for a human hand
scenario
Bluetooth receivers vary, some being nano receivers. However,
not all nano receivers use Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth
receivers normally employ 2.4 GHz band radio communication
thus they can link multiple devices together.
USB receivers were used before the coming of the nano wireless
receivers. They protruded on the side of the USB port of a
laptop something that posed inconveniences and the user was
required to plug in and remove them after every use which was
risky as well. However, unlike USB receivers nano wireless
receivers are designed in a way that they are always left in the
port of the laptop at all times. They are very small and fit
snugly into the computer’s side thus reducing the risk of
damage.
Wireless technology allows communication without the use of
cables or wires. For instance, the nano wireless receiver is
used in aiding the users to link devices like wireless mouse and
keyboard to the computer (Hassan, et al., 2017). They are
similar to USB receivers but they are much smaller and more
convenient.
Molecular communication allows the communication of
nanomachines using molecules as the carrier of communication.
This provides an attractive opportunity of precisely regulating
biological signaling in nanomedicine applications of the body
area network. MC is a promising technology that is inspired by
biological mechanisms and activities in nature such as the
communication of the hormones between ants and the signaling
of neurons in the body of human beings.
Telecommunication
In communication systems, mobile devices that have a high
level of computation and communication require an intelligent
way of sensing during interaction with another human
environment. nanotechnology sensors in mobile devices will

5. help in entrenching devices in the environment of humans
bringing in new platforms of permitting ever-present sensing
and computing. When integrated with the IoT, it will be easier
to interact with humans and machines efficiently. It will also
provide a way of linking devices of health nanoparticles with
the internet. For instance, Nanosensor networks have proved to
be crucial in several ways.
Nanosensors are nanoscale devices that are used in measuring
physical quantities and converting them to signals that are
detectable and which are later analyzed. Nanosensors are made
using either top-down lithography, bottom-up assembly or
molecular self-assembly. Various nanosensors are I the market
today and used in the development of various applications.
Although different sensors are used in measuring different
things they all share similar workflows. Modern nanosensors are
currently used in healthcare, defense, and military and
agriculture.
Fiber optic cables are used to carry information between
different places through the use of optical technology. “For
instance, if one wants to send information from a computer
using fiber optics, one hooks up the computer to a laser thereby
converting electrical information from the computer into a
series of light pulses then fire the laser down the fiber optic
cable” (Willner, 2019). The recipient requires having a
photoelectric cell for turning the pulses of light into electrical
information that the recipient's computer will understand. Fiber
optics are the main way of carrying information over a long
distance because they have less attenuation, there is no
interference and they have higher bandwidth. The fiber optics
are also used in broadcasting, medicine, and in the military.
Carbon nanotubes are said to contain remarkable mechanical
and electrical properties that make them very good in the
designing of a nano electrochemical system. For instance,
carbon nanotubes are said to help boost communications. This
technology may help in the improvement of everything from 5G
to the tactical radios. This is because carbon nanotubes offer a

6. broad scope of promises since they can be fabricated into
transistors replacing the convectional metal oxide
semiconductors that are used in radio frequency systems. These
nanotubes pave way for lesser expensive chips which are
capable of eliminating the many drawbacks that plague radio
systems. The military sensing equipment is also among the
beneficiaries of nanotube technology because radar receivers
can perform better from circuitry based on this technology. This
is because this technology will boost dynamic range allowing a
receiver picking out a very small signal amid high interference
environment.
Nanotechnology in 5G Wireless Communication Network
By using the 5G network, will enhance improved radar image
resolution as well as faster data transfer within the network. The
5G wireless communication system is said to be a congregated
system consisting of numerous radio access expertise that is
incorporated together for efficiency. This, therefore, means that
it becomes possible supporting a broader range of applications
and services something that will help in expansively satisfying
the necessities of the society information wise. It uses the flat
IP concept as well as nanotechnology as a self-protective device
for safety concerns arising due to flat IP (Jamthe, & Bhande,
S2017). The flat IP provides a new of identifying devices by the
use of symbolic names, unlike the method that has been used
previously in the normal IP address in the hieratical
architecture.
The hotly anticipated 5G technology is said to the game changer
in mobile networking. The major difference that exists between
5G and 4G is that the former is thought to be much quicker,
smarter and more proficient than the latter. 5G guarantees
mobile data velocities that are capable of outstripping the top
home broadband network. Since it has a speed of 100 gigabits
per second, it means that it will be 100 times much faster than
the 4G. 5G will help in fixing the bandwidth issues since the 4G

7. network does not have the infrastructure of coping effectively.
5G uses the new technology known as Massive MIMO using
manifold targeted teams to focus and track customers around
every cell site thus improving area covered, rapidity, and
competence.
“An all IP network is a packet-based network that involves
transferring all data the same way and independent of the access
or the transport technology” (Alkandari, et al., 2017). An IP is
different from the web in that, ell-IP dos do not mean that the
providers put their services onto the public web but rather, it is
an adoption of IP based technology that is under the
management of the distribution network. For instance, the
bandwidth all-IP voice network allows the users to use cutting
edge technologies in exposing more control and capabilities to
the users leveraging bandwidth IP voice network for VoIP
services. This, therefore, allows fast automated provisioning,
quick failover as well as redundant rooting for voice traffic,
access to phone numbers nationally.
BDMA is a Korean R&D devised for new access techniques.
Beam division multiple access do not utilize time and frequency
resource sharing. In this technology, all beams are different for
different stations at different angles. This, therefore, is to
means that, the mobile stations that are at the matching angle
can as well be tackled by the identical solitary base station on
breadth, route and beam numbers. This, therefore, solves the
problem of bandwidth, capacity, and efficiency eliminating
signal deterioration at the cell edge.
Today, electronics are becoming more and more ubiquitous.
Integrated nanomaterials are important for extreme thermal
management. Nanomaterials play a disrupting role in thermal
management for high power electronics in aerospace platforms.
Reducing the form factor helps in amplifying the intensity of
the thermal loads imposing an extreme requirement for thermal
management for reliable operation (Alkandari, et al., 2017).
In the storage of information, recordings require a considerable

8. capacity limit. Hard drives that are used in computers normally
consume more power and are at risk of failing than solid-state
memory without moving parts. The nanomagnetic wires which
are made of iron and nickel are being used in the creation of
dense memory devices. This, therefore, creates a wide memory.
Applications like drug targeting have spurred in and theoretical
molecular communications. Various tentative studies have
established different communication molecular components. It
has, however, remains a challenge realizing an effusive
practical artificial nanoscale molecular communication system.
Small Testbeds have been projected based on alcohol spraying
in open space as well as signaling with acids and bases for
signaling within closed vessels.
The thought behind Datoos is that people will not be required to
carry their laptops with them because they will easily access the
World Wide Web by the use of their bodies. This will mean that
the human bodies will, therefore, become computer interfaces as
there will be the implantation of the recycling materials into the
body of human beings (Lakshmi, & DhanaLakshmi, 2019).
The major challenges are that the manufacturing cost will be
very high since the technology requires a lot of research. The
introduction of new materials will in most cases have dangers
therefore; nanotechnology requires committed to the research of
the biological risks involved (Padmavathi, et al., 2018).
Nanotechnology-Enabled Wireless Devices
Tunable radio components provide a technical introduction into
the state of art in the RF components, circuits and applications.
Through practical viewpoints, scientists have discovered the
ways of using RF techniques and devices in developing a
successful product design. For instance, antennas and antenna
are tuning that reflect the dominance of the antenna tuning app
(Eid, et al., 2018).
Modern electronic systems are working at increasingly
operational speed. This is because the higher the speed the more
convectional circuit and components stop working high-
frequency electronics are electronics dealing with rapidly

9. changing voltages.
IoT is a system with unified computing devices that are
presented with distinctive identifiers thus being able to transfer
data over a network with no necessitating of a human to human
interaction or human-computer interaction.
When it comes to the body area network, wireless sensors are
placed inside the patient’s body aimed at collecting biomedical
data. The biosensors are used in generating data and
transmitting them to sinks for storage. These developments are
meant to reducing healthcare costs and increase the average life
expectancy of individuals in the coming years.
Future nanotechnology areas
Nanomaterials are opening doors for a hypertext era where
electronics and information communication are soon becoming
ubiquitous. This has been achieved through transiting from
traditional and nanotechnology electronics (Fraceto, et a.,
2018). This, therefore, means that the nanoscale transistor is
faster and energy-efficient. This means that soon or later the
entire memory of a computer will be stored on one chip. The
current application of nanoscale materials includes the use of
thin coatings in electronics and active surfaces.
Conclusions
In conclusion, nanomaterials will be the next industrial
revolution as well as the telecommunication industry. Shortly,
the nanoscale will provide a platform for improving the
performance in these fields.

10. References
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in nanotechnology: An efficient approach. International Journal
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08ae9bcb3e1cb224/Analysis-of-Fredkin-Logic-Circuit-in-
Nanotechnology-An-Efficient-Approach.pdf
Alkandari, A., Almesri, Z., & Moein, S. (2017).
Nanotechnology Applications: an Analytic Comparison. Journal
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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulrahman_Alkandari/p
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Eid, A., Hester, J., Fang, Y., Tehrani, B., Nauroze, S. A., Bahr,
R., & Tentzeris, M. M. (2018). Nanotechnology-Empowered
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http://tentzeris.ece.gatech.edu/nano19_eid.pdf
Fraceto, L. F., de Lima, R., Oliveira, H. C., Ávila, D. S., &
Chen, B. (2018). Future trends in nanotechnology aiming for
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Hassan, S. M., Ibrahim, R., Bingi, K., Chung, T. D., & Saad, N.
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=onepage&q&f=false

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