1. Name: Sunidhi Agarwal
Class: X-B
Subject: politics
Board Registration No:
B1140814140104
Roll No: 47
Topic: Popular
struggles based on
water
2.
when Bolivian President
Evo Morales arrived at the
new Uyuni airport last
August and found no
water running from the
tap, he publicly
reprimanded and
promptly dismissed his
Minister of Water. As it
happened, the pipes were
merely frozen. The
incident underscores the
critical—and highly
symbolic—role of water in
the politics of this
landlocked Andean nation.
3. 1799
Cochabamba 2000. Credit: thehealthculture.com
In April 2000, a popular struggle against water privatization
in Cochabamba, Bolivia’s third largest city, ignited a chain of
events that profoundly altered the nation’s political
landscape. The Water War was precipitated when SEMAPA,
Cochabamba’s municipal water company, was sold to a
transnational consortium controlled by U.S.-based Bechtel
in exchange for debt relief for the Bolivian government and
new World Bank loans to expand the water system.
4. Water Rights
The Morales government has sought to develop a new institutional framework
that positions the state as a direct protagonist in providing and regulating water
and sanitation services.[1] The Water Ministry, created in 2006 to integrate the
functions of water supply and sanitation, water resource management, and
environmental protection, is the first of its kind in Latin America. It has a
mandate to end water privatization, including the creation of a public water
company to replace the temporary utility established for La Paz-El Alto after the
exit of Suez.
Water Scarcity
The model of decentralized social-public water management may prove to
be more viable than either the private or the state-centric model for
countries like Bolivia, with major geographic barriers to centralized service
provision, a weak state sector, and a strong culture of community
participation. Still, regardless of the management model, the major
challenge facing Bolivia’s water sector today is the need for significant
resources to upgrade and expand the existing infrastructure and develop
new water sources.
6.
Water has emerged as one of the
primary environmental concerns
for the 21st century. Many parts
of the world are currently facing
water shortages, while others
must contend with severe water
pollution. The consequences are
bleak: social, economic and
political instability leading, in the
worst case scenario, to violence
over dwindling water resources.
Immediate action is needed to
stall the emerging crisis and to
begin reversing many of the
trends we have set over time.
7.
An indicator is something that
helps you understand where you
are, which way you are going and
how far you are from where you
want to be. A good indicator
alerts you to a problem before it
gets too bad and helps you
recognize what needs to be done
to fix the problem. Indicators of
a sustainable community point
to areas where the links between
the economy, environment and
society are weak. They allow you
to see where the problem areas
are and help show the way to fix
those problems.
8.
Pakistan is a water stressed country
and unsustainable water use and poor
water management and governance
practices are causing increasing water
scarcity. Pakistan’s population is
expected to double to around 350
million by 2025 and this growth will
put further pressure on water
resources, particularly in urban
areas, with consequent impacts on
people’s health, wellbeing, livelihoods
and environmental sustainability more
widely.
The project aims to promote water
efficient production and consumption.
By 2015, 300 processing and
manufacturing SMEs in the target area
have enhanced understanding of Better
Water Management Practices (BWMPs).
6,75 high water using SMEs have
increased water management
capacity, and 25 SMEs are
implementing BWMPs, supported by a
multi-stakeholder city level water
partnership.
10.
Water conservation
encompasses the policies,
strategies and activities to
manage fresh water as a
sustainable resource to
protect the water
environment and to meet
current and future human
demand. Population, household
size and growth and affluence
all affect how much water is
used. Factors such as climate
change will increase pressures
on natural water resources
especially in manufacturing
and agricultural irrigation
11.
Rainwater harvesting is a
technology used for collecting and
storing rainwater from
rooftops, the land surface or rock
catchments using simple techniques
such as jars and pots as well as
more complex techniques such as
underground check dams. The
techniques usually found in Asia and
Africa arise from practices
employed by ancient civilizations
within these regions and still serve
as a major source of drinking water
supply in rural areas. Commonly
used systems are constructed of
three principal components;
namely, the catchment area, the
collection device, and the
conveyance system.
12.
Watershed management is the study of
the relevant characteristics of a
watershed aimed at the sustainable
distribution of its resources and the
process of creating and implementing
plans, programs, and projects to
sustain and enhance watershed
functions that affect the
plant, animal, and human communities
within a watershed boundary. Features
of a watershed that agencies seek to
manage include water supply, water
quality, drainage, stormwater
runoff, water rights, and the overall
planning and utilization of watersheds.
Landowners, land use
agencies, stormwater management
experts, environmental
specialists, water use surveyors and
communities all play an integral part in
the management of a watershed.
