3. Causes
Acute OR chronic renal failure.
Long term use of phosphate
containing products.
Chemotherapy that releases
phosphate into blood.
Cows milk feeding in infants.
Retained phosphorus enemas.
Hormonal
insufficiency(hypoparathyroidism).
4. Signs & Symptoms
Most patients with hyperphosphatemia are
asympyomatic they occasionally report
hypocalcemic symptoms.
Muscle cramps
Tetany
Joint pain
Renal failure
Anuria
Hypertension
Edema
Cardiac arrest
5. Dietary Intervention
If hyperphosphatemia is present
restrict dietary phosphate.
A ketogenic diet may be helpful
but difficult to maintain.
Dialysis
Glucose and insulin infusions
(seldom necessary).
Ca supplements.
6. Conclusion
Poor nutrition is common in CKD &
DH patients and has adverse risk factor.
Nutritional counseling – part of
approach to CKD and dialysis patients.
Routine nutritional screening and
assessment should be done for CKD and
dialysis patients.
Qualified renal dietitian must be
included in the staff of every dialysis
unit.