1. HIV/AIDS
Elaine Kauschinger
PhD, MS, ARNP, FNP-BC
Assistant Professor of Clinical
Lead Faculty, Family Nurse Practitioner Program
University of Miami
School of Nursing & Health Studies

2. Part 2: Counseling
& Testing

3. HIV
 Types and subtypes
• HIV 1: predominant strain
• Subtype A: Europe, Mideast
• Subtype B: North America, Latin America, Asia
& Europe
• HIV 2
 HIV testing can now screen for both HIV 1 &
HIV 2
 First a serum (blood test) is performed
using the screening test – the ELISA. If this
is positive, a confirmatory test (Western
Blot) is then performed.

4. HIV
ELISA
If positive: confirm If negative: No
with Western Blot further testing

5. At Risk Populations
 Patients who are sexually active
 Homosexual and/or bisexual
 Pregnancy
 Commercial sex workers
 Newly diagnosed with tuberculosis
 Intravenous drug users
 Healthcare workers with exposure
via needle sticks or other
occupational exposure injuries

6. CDC Recommendations
 Clinicians should add screening for
HIV transmission risk behaviors and
sexually transmitted infections
(STI’s) as a part of routine medical
care for patients ages >13-65
• Prevention counseling not required
• Patient can opt-out of test
 Patients need to sign a form stating that
they do not want to have an HIV test

7. HIV Testing
 All pregnancies in the first & last
trimester
• In Florida, all pregnant patients need to
be offered an HIV test
 Once in a patient’s lifetime
 Repeat all high risk patients with
exposure with initial negative tests
within 3 months then at 6 months.
 Persistent high risk behavior

8. Counseling & testing
 Mandatory informed consent (Florida
Section 381.004)
• Positive results reports to health
department
 Name is reported to county health
department but anonymous testing is
available
 Super confidentiality
• Patients can receive results over phone
as well as during return office visit.

9. Please continue to part 3