5. 5
CODE SWITCHING
⢠L. Dabène said that in the case of the
first generation, Code Switching is
often used as a remedial strategy to
incompetence.
⢠However in the second generation,
code switching can fulfill different
functions:
6. 6
⢠It can enable the speaker to claim a
personal identity.
⢠It can express a kind of complicity with
the others or, on the other hand, it can
reveal a strategy of divergence from the
environment.
7. 7
⢠Code Switching can enable the speaker to
comment about the language (metalinguistic
use)
⢠Code Switching can also be used to comment
on what has just been said (metadiscursive
use).
⢠Or, finally, Code Switching can be used to
change the type of interaction, to select other
interlocutors or to switch from a dialogue to a
collective exchange (metacommunicative
use).
8. 8
SPANGLISH
⢠âSpanglishâ is a new kind of slang finding its
way not only into conversations but also into
short stories, novels, popular music, comedy
acts, and television sitcoms.
⢠Sprinkled through English sentences are
such insertions as âQue no?,â âTambien,â
and âYo se.â
9. 9
⢠Sometimes English words are
combined with Spanish words, so that
âbarber shopâ and âpeluqueriaâ
becomes âbarberia.â
⢠Similarly, âchilling outâ becomes
âchileando,â and âto parkâ becomes
âparkear.â
10. 10
HISPANIC NAMES
⢠In Spain and Latin America, if a girl
were named Ana Maria LĂłpez Garcia,
she has two surnames. The first one is
her fatherâs (LĂłpez), and the second
one is her motherâs (Garcia).
11. 11
⢠If Ana Maria López Garcia married Gregoria
DĂaz Rodriguez, then she would write her
name as Ana Maria LĂłpez de DĂaz.
⢠In Mexico, Ana Maria LĂłpez de DĂaz would go
by her maiden name daily (Maria LĂłpez
Garcia), but on formal documentation she
would identify herself with her married name
(Ana Maria LĂłpez de DĂaz).
12. 12
If she were to have a child,
Alicia, Aliciaâs full name
would be Alicia LĂłpez DĂaz,
keeping both her fatherâs and
her motherâs surnames.
13. 13
SPANGLISH TEST 1
⢠bacuncliner
â vacuum cleaner
⢠biper
â beeper or pager
⢠boyla
â boiler
⢠chileando
â chilling out
⢠choping
â shopping
⢠fafu
â fast food
⢠jangear
â hanging out
⢠joldoperos
â muggers, holdup artists
14. 14
SPANGLISH TEST 2
⢠liqueo
â to leak
⢠maicrogßey
â microwave oven
⢠pulover
â T-shirt
⢠roofo
â roof
⢠sangßiche
â sandwich
⢠tensÊn
â ten-cent store like K-Mart or Woolworths
15. 15
Phonological Differences 1
⢠English has 13 vowels; Spanish has
only 5 vowels
⢠Spanish is a syllable-timed language;
English is a stress-timed language
⢠Spanish /d/ and /ð/ are alaphonic as in
âdudaâ
16. 16
Phonological Differences 2
⢠English has a retroflex /r/; Spanish has a
flapped /r/ and a trilled /r/ written as <r> and
<rr>
⢠English has no velar fricative <x> or <j>
⢠Spanish doesnât distinguish between /Ä/
and /ĹĄ/, or between /s/ and /z/
17. 17
Orthographic Differences 1
⢠Spanish <ll> is pronounced /y/; Spanish <l> is pronounced /l/
⢠Spanish <j> is a velar fricative
⢠Spanish <b> and <v> are both the same (bilabial fricatives)
⢠Spanish has <ù> for the /ny/ sound
⢠Spanish <h> is not pronounced
⢠Spanish has a <q> but no <k> or <c>
18. 18
Orthographic Differences 2
⢠Spanish begins questions with <¿> and
exclamations with <i>
⢠Spanish uses a period for thousands,
and a comma for a decimal; English
does the reverse
⢠Spanish uses ÂŤâŚÂť for quotation marks,
not ââŚâ
19. 19
Morphological Differences
⢠Spanish verbs are more highly inflected than
are English verbs
⢠Spanish adjectives agree with the nouns they
modify in number and gender
⢠Spanish has grammatical gender; English
has natural gender
⢠Spanish uses the definite article differently
as in âel seĂąor Jonesâ
20. 20
Syntactic Differences
⢠English adjectives come before nouns;
Spanish adjectives come after nouns.
⢠Spanish has âpro-dropâ which means
that a subject pronoun can be dropped;
English does not.
⢠Spanish has double negatives (âNo
tiene nadaâ); English does not.
21. 21
Semantic Differences 1
⢠Some English-Spanish cognates donât have
the same meaning.
⢠Consider the following Spanish words:
âactual,â âlibraria,â âgrocerĂa,â âmolestar,â
âembarazadaâ and âprincipio.â
⢠In English, these words mean âpresent,â
âbookstore,â âvulgarity,â âto bother,â
âpregnantâ and âbeginning,â respectively.
22. 22
Semantic Differences 2
⢠A single Spanish word can have more than one
English meaning:
⢠Spanish âhacerâ means either âmakeâ or âdoâ
⢠Spanish âsuâ means either âhis,â âher,â or âitsâ
⢠Spanish âenâ means either âon,â âin,â âinto,â or âatâ
23. 23
Semantic Differences 3
⢠Or, a single English word can have more than
one Spanish meaning:
⢠English âtimeâ in Spanish can be âtiempo,â
âvez,â or âhoraâ
⢠English âhotâ in Spanish can be âpicante,â or
âcalienteâ
24. 24
In conclusion,
consider these riddles:
⢠Spanish âplataâ means âsilver,â Spanish
âoroâ means âgold,â and Spanish âplatanoâ
means âbananaâ
⢠QuÊ es come oro, pero plata no es?
⢠Platano es.
25. 25
⢠Spanish âse parecenâ means
âsimilarityâ
Spanish âmanzanoâ means âappleâ
Spanish âtrenâ means âtrainâ
Spanish âperaâ means âpearâ
Spanish âesperaâ means âto waitâ
⢠En quÊ se parecen una manzano y un
tren?
⢠No es pera. = No espera.
26. 26
⢠Spanish âestrellasâ means âstarsâ
Spanish âhayâ means âare thereâ
Spanish âcielosâ means âheavensâ
Spanish âcinquentaâ means âfiftyâ
Spanish âsin cuentaâ means âcountless
⢠Cuantas estrellas hay en los cielos?
⢠Cinquenta. = Sin cuenta
27. 27
⢠Spanish âperezosoâ means âlazyâ
Spanish âmundoâ means âworldâ
Spanish ânadaâ means both ânothingâ
and âit swimsâ
⢠Cual animal es el mas perezoso del
mundo?
⢠El pez.
⢠QuÊ hace el pez?
⢠Nada.