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State Vet Update: Secure
Pork Supply
David Schmitt, DVM
State Veterinarian
Iowa Department of Agriculture & Land
Stewardship
Bill Northey
Secretary of Agriculture
www.iowaagriculture.gov
Agricultural Statistics – Imports 2015
 ∼27.5 million feeder swine
 ∼262,000 breeding swine
 ∼1.21 million feeder cattle
 ∼243,000 breeding cattle (dairy and
beef)
 ∼31,500 sheep
 ∼8,600 horses
 ∼2,900 goats
 324 cervids
 List does not include chickens, turkeys, dogs,
cats, other species and semen. 29,389,555
~80,500 animals per
day moved into Iowa
Iowa Swine Imports - 2015
Feeder Swine
 Illinois – 5,258,654
 Missouri – 4,612,537
 Minnesota – 3,053,914
 Nebraska – 2,740,532
 Canada – 2,482,042
 Oklahoma – 1,697,342
 Colorado – 1,428,937
 North Carolina – 957,746
 South Dakota – 957,414
Breeding Swine
 North Dakota – 50,851
 Missouri – 46,832
 Minnesota – 37,412
 Canada – 27,573
 Kansas – 18,862
 South Dakota – 18,345
 Nebraska – 16,140
 Illinois – 15,661
Disease Reporting
IDALS Legal Authority
 Code of Iowa chapter 163 – Infectious and
Contagious Diseases Among Animals
 Control and eradicate highly contagious
animal disease
 Quarantine diseased animals
 Regulate or prohibit animal movement
 Enter premises
 Euthanize animals if necessary
 Disinfect farm operations oversight
Reportable Animal Diseases
 Infectious and Contagious Diseases Among
Animals – Code of Iowa chapter 163
 Iowa Administrative Code of Rules Chapter
21 – 64(163) - Infectious and Contagious
Diseases
 http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/regulatio
n.asp
 Reportable diseases listed - Diseases
Notifiable to the OIE (World Organization for
Animal Health)
Reportable Diseases - Iowa
Multiple Species Diseases
Anthrax
Aujeszky’s disease
Bluetongue
Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)
Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)
Brucellosis (Brucella suis)
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever
Echinococcosis/hydatidosis
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)
Foot and mouth disease
Heartwater
Japanese encephalitis
Leptospirosis
New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)
Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana)
Paratuberculosis
Q fever
Rabies
Rift Valley fever
Rinderpest
Surra (Trypanosoma evansi)
Trichinellosis
Tularemia
Vesicular stomatitis
West Nile fever
Cattle Diseases
Bovine anaplasmosis
Bovine babesiosis
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine tuberculosis
Bovine viral diarrhoea
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Enzootic bovine leukosis
Haemorrhagic septicaemia
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular
vulvovaginitis
Lumpy skin disease
Theileriosis
Trichomonosis
Trypanosomosis (tsetse-transmitted)
Swine Diseases
African swine fever
Classical swine fever
Nipah virus encephalitis
Porcine cysticercosis
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Swine vesicular disease
Transmissible gastroenteritis
Reportable Diseases
Sheep and Goat Diseases
Caprine arthritis/encephalitis
Contagious agalactia
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
Enzootic abortion of ewes (ovine chlamydiosis)
Maedi-visna
Nairobi sheep disease
Ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis)
Peste des petits ruminants
Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis)
Scrapie
Sheep pox and goat pox
Equine Diseases
African horse sickness
Contagious equine metritis
Dourine
Equine encephalomyelitis (Western)
Equine infectious anaemia
Equine influenza
Equine piroplasmosis
Equine rhinopneumonitis
Equine viral arteritis
Glanders
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
Avian chlamydiosis
Avian infectious bronchitis
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
Avian mycoplasmosis (M. gallisepticum)
Avian mycoplasmosis (M. synoviae)
Duck virus hepatitis
Fowl cholera
Fowl typhoid
Highly pathogenic avian influenza and low pathogenic avian influenza
in poultry
Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)
Marek’s disease
Newcastle disease
Pullorum disease
Turkey rhinotracheitis
Lagomorph Diseases
Myxomatosis
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Fish Diseases
Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis
Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis
Infectious salmon anaemia
Koi herpesvirus disease
Red sea bream iridoviral disease
Spring viraemia of carp
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia
Avian Diseases
Reportable Diseases
Mollusc Diseases
Infection with abalone herpes-like virus
Infection with Bonamia exitiosa
Infection with Bonamia ostreae
Infection with Marteilia refringens
Infection with Perkinsus marinus
Infection with Perkinsus olseni
Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis
Crustacean Diseases
Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci)
Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis
Infectious myonecrosis
Taura syndrome
White spot disease
White tail disease
Yellowhead disease
Amphibian Diseases
Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Infection with ranavirus
Other Diseases
Camel pox
Chronic wasting disease
Leishmaniosis
Who Reports Suspect Cases
 Veterinarians- Private practice
 Producers
 Livestock market personnel
 Slaughter plant inspectors
 Diagnostic Laboratories
 County Extension Agents
 Anyone
Iowa Veterinarian and Veterinary
Technician Licensing Summary
 Licensed veterinarians with an expiration date of
6/30/2017:
 2779
 Licensed Iowa veterinarians with an expiration date
of 6/30/2017 residing in Iowa:
  1721
 Registered veterinary technicians with an expiration
date of 12/31/2017:
 453
 Registered Iowa veterinary technicians with an
expiration date of 12/31/2017 residing in Iowa:
 415 January 19, 2016
Are first line of surveillance for
program and foreign animal diseases
Accredited Veterinarians . . .
Lyon
Montgomery
Audubo
n
Buena
Vista
Clay
Dickinson
Sioux
Plymouth
Woodbury
Monona
Harrison
Pottawattamie
Mills
Fremont Page
Shelby
Crawford Carroll
Cass
Ida Sac
Cherokee
O'Brien
Osceola
Taylor Ringgold Decatur Wayne Appanoose Davis Van Buren
Lee
Des
Moines
HenryJeffersonWapelloMonroeLucasClarkeUnionAdams
Adair Madison Warren Marion Mahaska Keokuk Washington
Louisa
Guthrie
Greene
Calhoun
Pocahontas
Palo Alto
Emmet Kossuth
Webster
Boone
Polk
Story
Hamilton
Wright
Hancock
Winnebago Worth
Cerro
Gordo
Franklin
Hardin
Marshall
Poweshiek Iowa Johnson
Muscatine
Scott
Clinton
Jackson
Dubuque
Clayton
Allamakee
WinneshiekHowardMitchell
Floyd Chickasaw
Fayette
Buchanan Delaware
Jones
Cedar
LinnBentonTama
Grundy
Black Hawk
BremerButler
Dr. Greg Schmitt
1140 Southdale Drive
Le Mars, IA 51031
515-669-5633 cell
712-541-6033 fax
Dr. Wayne Rychnovsky
901 Grove Avenue
Corning, IA 50841
515-971-7391 cell
Dr. Tim Smith
25800 620th
Ave.
Nevada, IA 50201
515-669-6231 cell
515-382-4270 fax
Dr. R.E. Welander
2497 Iowa Ave.
Mt. Pleasant, IA 52641
515-669-5929 cell
319-385-7000 fax
Dr. Gary E. Eiben
2923 115th
St.
Colesburg, IA 52035
515-669-6095 cell
563-856-3009 fax
Humboldt
2016
Dr. Neil Rippke
830 Meadow Dr.
Moville, IA 51039
515-669-5975 cell
712-873-5397 fax
Dr. Sharon Fairchild
1255 – 86th
St.
Monmouth, IA 52309
515-669-3727 cell
563-673-3701 fax
Dr. Jessica Young
Des Moines, IA
515-323-2470 – office
515-201-6150
Dallas Jasper
Iowa: State/Federal
Co-op VMO Sections
2015 FAD Investigations
 51 FAD investigations in 2015
High Consequence Disease
Suspected
 Now what?
 USDA Assistant Director and State
Veterinarian notified
 Assign FADD to collect and submit samples –
USDA NVSL and ISU VDL
 More than likely site of disease will be
quarantined.
 Animal movement on or off premises will be
traced
 Quarantine Zones will be established if
positive
HPAI Iowa 2015 – Control Zones
Seneca Valley Virus or Senecavirus A
- 2015
2015 – First Iowa Report
 Private veterinarian calls regarding snout
blisters and erosions above hoof wall in three
swine post county fair exhibition – July 2015
 FADD district veterinarian assigned to collect
samples
 One set sent to USDA NVSL Plum Island
 One set sent to ISU VDL
 Positive SVV
 Negative for FAD’s
Clinical Signs
Seneca Valley Virus - 2015
December 18, 2015
Seneca Valley Virus - 2015
 First Iowa case confirmed by NVSL on July 24,
2015
 Last Iowa case confirmed by NVSL on
December 16, 2015
 Swine cases (33) included:
 Exhibition
 Farrow to Finish
 Sow barns – included increased piglet mortality
 GDU
 Finishers
 Processing facilities
2015 FAD Investigations
 51 FAD investigations in 2015
 Does not include tissue positives
Secure Pork Supply – Continuity
of Business
Premises Registration
For IDALS Use Only
Date received and by: Date: _____ By: ____
Premises ID No:
Premises Identification Number Application (Print Legibly)
Business/Farm Account Information
Business/Farm Name:
Primary Contact: Date:
Last First M.I.
Secondary Contact:
Last First M.I.
Business/Farm Mailing Address:
911 Street Address PO Box
City State Zip Code County
Business Phone: ( ) Fax Number: ( )
Cell Phone: ( ) E-mail Address:
Phone Number: ( ) Business Home Cell Fax Pager
Signature (required):
Business Type(Check one)
Individual Partnership Incorporated Non-Profit Organization LLC LLP
Operation Type (Check all that apply)
Producer Unit/Farm Exhibition Market/Collection Point Port of Entry
Tagging site Veterinary Clinic Laboratory Quarantine Facility
Slaughter Plant Rendering Non-producer Participant
Please mail to above address or fax to (515) 281-4282
Ph: (888) 778-7675 • Email: idals_id@idals.state.ia.us • Web: http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/premiseID.htm
Premises Information
Primary location where livestock resides, if more than one location and animals are managed separately, apply for
multiple premises ID’s on additional forms
Premises Name/Description: (ex. “home place”, “feed yard”)
Premises Address: Check if same as above, OR
Premises Address:
911 Street Address
City State Zip County
Premises Type (Check all that apply)
Production Unit/Farm Veterinary Clinic Exhibition Laboratory
Port of Entr Quarantine Facility Rendering Slaughter Plant
Market/Collection Point Non-producer Participant Tagging Site
Species at Premises (Check all that apply)
Cattle and Bison: Cow/Calf Feeder Feedlot Dairy
Swine: Farrow/Finish Farrow Finish Nursery Boar Stud
Poultry: Chickens Turkeys Other:
Goats: Breeding Dairy Feeding
Sheep: Breeding Feeding
Cervids: Whitetail Deer Elk Other:
Camelids: Alpacas Llamas
Ratites: Emu Ostrich Rhea
Horses
Additional Land Descriptions
Legal Land Description* _______________ _______________ _______________
(Required if no address) Township Range Section
GPS Coordinates* _________________________ _________________________
*(Optional) Latitude (Decimal degrees) Longitude (Decimal degrees)
Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land
Stewardship
Wallace State Office Building
502 E 9
th
St.
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
Information relating
to the business
Signature
Premises location
Livestock on premises
Premises
identification
required for all
premises
identified in
Control Zones..
In Summary
 Biosecurity practices need to be reviewed
and audited
 Realizing there will be disruption of
movements – global and interstate markets
 Report and know who to contact
 Prevention is profitable
Questions?
ifitistobeitisuptome

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Dr. David Schmitt - State Vet Update: Secure Pork Supply

  • 1. State Vet Update: Secure Pork Supply David Schmitt, DVM State Veterinarian Iowa Department of Agriculture & Land Stewardship
  • 2. Bill Northey Secretary of Agriculture www.iowaagriculture.gov
  • 3. Agricultural Statistics – Imports 2015  ∼27.5 million feeder swine  ∼262,000 breeding swine  ∼1.21 million feeder cattle  ∼243,000 breeding cattle (dairy and beef)  ∼31,500 sheep  ∼8,600 horses  ∼2,900 goats  324 cervids  List does not include chickens, turkeys, dogs, cats, other species and semen. 29,389,555 ~80,500 animals per day moved into Iowa
  • 4. Iowa Swine Imports - 2015 Feeder Swine  Illinois – 5,258,654  Missouri – 4,612,537  Minnesota – 3,053,914  Nebraska – 2,740,532  Canada – 2,482,042  Oklahoma – 1,697,342  Colorado – 1,428,937  North Carolina – 957,746  South Dakota – 957,414 Breeding Swine  North Dakota – 50,851  Missouri – 46,832  Minnesota – 37,412  Canada – 27,573  Kansas – 18,862  South Dakota – 18,345  Nebraska – 16,140  Illinois – 15,661
  • 6. IDALS Legal Authority  Code of Iowa chapter 163 – Infectious and Contagious Diseases Among Animals  Control and eradicate highly contagious animal disease  Quarantine diseased animals  Regulate or prohibit animal movement  Enter premises  Euthanize animals if necessary  Disinfect farm operations oversight
  • 7. Reportable Animal Diseases  Infectious and Contagious Diseases Among Animals – Code of Iowa chapter 163  Iowa Administrative Code of Rules Chapter 21 – 64(163) - Infectious and Contagious Diseases  http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/regulatio n.asp  Reportable diseases listed - Diseases Notifiable to the OIE (World Organization for Animal Health)
  • 8. Reportable Diseases - Iowa Multiple Species Diseases Anthrax Aujeszky’s disease Bluetongue Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis) Brucellosis (Brucella suis) Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Echinococcosis/hydatidosis Epizootic haemorrhagic disease Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern) Foot and mouth disease Heartwater Japanese encephalitis Leptospirosis New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) Paratuberculosis Q fever Rabies Rift Valley fever Rinderpest Surra (Trypanosoma evansi) Trichinellosis Tularemia Vesicular stomatitis West Nile fever Cattle Diseases Bovine anaplasmosis Bovine babesiosis Bovine genital campylobacteriosis Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Bovine tuberculosis Bovine viral diarrhoea Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Enzootic bovine leukosis Haemorrhagic septicaemia Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis Lumpy skin disease Theileriosis Trichomonosis Trypanosomosis (tsetse-transmitted) Swine Diseases African swine fever Classical swine fever Nipah virus encephalitis Porcine cysticercosis Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Swine vesicular disease Transmissible gastroenteritis
  • 9. Reportable Diseases Sheep and Goat Diseases Caprine arthritis/encephalitis Contagious agalactia Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia Enzootic abortion of ewes (ovine chlamydiosis) Maedi-visna Nairobi sheep disease Ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis) Peste des petits ruminants Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis) Scrapie Sheep pox and goat pox Equine Diseases African horse sickness Contagious equine metritis Dourine Equine encephalomyelitis (Western) Equine infectious anaemia Equine influenza Equine piroplasmosis Equine rhinopneumonitis Equine viral arteritis Glanders Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis Avian chlamydiosis Avian infectious bronchitis Avian infectious laryngotracheitis Avian mycoplasmosis (M. gallisepticum) Avian mycoplasmosis (M. synoviae) Duck virus hepatitis Fowl cholera Fowl typhoid Highly pathogenic avian influenza and low pathogenic avian influenza in poultry Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease) Marek’s disease Newcastle disease Pullorum disease Turkey rhinotracheitis Lagomorph Diseases Myxomatosis Rabbit haemorrhagic disease Fish Diseases Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis Epizootic ulcerative syndrome Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris) Infectious haematopoietic necrosis Infectious salmon anaemia Koi herpesvirus disease Red sea bream iridoviral disease Spring viraemia of carp Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia Avian Diseases
  • 10. Reportable Diseases Mollusc Diseases Infection with abalone herpes-like virus Infection with Bonamia exitiosa Infection with Bonamia ostreae Infection with Marteilia refringens Infection with Perkinsus marinus Infection with Perkinsus olseni Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis Crustacean Diseases Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci) Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis Infectious myonecrosis Taura syndrome White spot disease White tail disease Yellowhead disease Amphibian Diseases Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection with ranavirus Other Diseases Camel pox Chronic wasting disease Leishmaniosis
  • 11. Who Reports Suspect Cases  Veterinarians- Private practice  Producers  Livestock market personnel  Slaughter plant inspectors  Diagnostic Laboratories  County Extension Agents  Anyone
  • 12. Iowa Veterinarian and Veterinary Technician Licensing Summary  Licensed veterinarians with an expiration date of 6/30/2017:  2779  Licensed Iowa veterinarians with an expiration date of 6/30/2017 residing in Iowa:   1721  Registered veterinary technicians with an expiration date of 12/31/2017:  453  Registered Iowa veterinary technicians with an expiration date of 12/31/2017 residing in Iowa:  415 January 19, 2016
  • 13. Are first line of surveillance for program and foreign animal diseases Accredited Veterinarians . . .
  • 14. Lyon Montgomery Audubo n Buena Vista Clay Dickinson Sioux Plymouth Woodbury Monona Harrison Pottawattamie Mills Fremont Page Shelby Crawford Carroll Cass Ida Sac Cherokee O'Brien Osceola Taylor Ringgold Decatur Wayne Appanoose Davis Van Buren Lee Des Moines HenryJeffersonWapelloMonroeLucasClarkeUnionAdams Adair Madison Warren Marion Mahaska Keokuk Washington Louisa Guthrie Greene Calhoun Pocahontas Palo Alto Emmet Kossuth Webster Boone Polk Story Hamilton Wright Hancock Winnebago Worth Cerro Gordo Franklin Hardin Marshall Poweshiek Iowa Johnson Muscatine Scott Clinton Jackson Dubuque Clayton Allamakee WinneshiekHowardMitchell Floyd Chickasaw Fayette Buchanan Delaware Jones Cedar LinnBentonTama Grundy Black Hawk BremerButler Dr. Greg Schmitt 1140 Southdale Drive Le Mars, IA 51031 515-669-5633 cell 712-541-6033 fax Dr. Wayne Rychnovsky 901 Grove Avenue Corning, IA 50841 515-971-7391 cell Dr. Tim Smith 25800 620th Ave. Nevada, IA 50201 515-669-6231 cell 515-382-4270 fax Dr. R.E. Welander 2497 Iowa Ave. Mt. Pleasant, IA 52641 515-669-5929 cell 319-385-7000 fax Dr. Gary E. Eiben 2923 115th St. Colesburg, IA 52035 515-669-6095 cell 563-856-3009 fax Humboldt 2016 Dr. Neil Rippke 830 Meadow Dr. Moville, IA 51039 515-669-5975 cell 712-873-5397 fax Dr. Sharon Fairchild 1255 – 86th St. Monmouth, IA 52309 515-669-3727 cell 563-673-3701 fax Dr. Jessica Young Des Moines, IA 515-323-2470 – office 515-201-6150 Dallas Jasper Iowa: State/Federal Co-op VMO Sections
  • 15. 2015 FAD Investigations  51 FAD investigations in 2015
  • 16. High Consequence Disease Suspected  Now what?  USDA Assistant Director and State Veterinarian notified  Assign FADD to collect and submit samples – USDA NVSL and ISU VDL  More than likely site of disease will be quarantined.  Animal movement on or off premises will be traced  Quarantine Zones will be established if positive
  • 17. HPAI Iowa 2015 – Control Zones
  • 18. Seneca Valley Virus or Senecavirus A - 2015
  • 19. 2015 – First Iowa Report  Private veterinarian calls regarding snout blisters and erosions above hoof wall in three swine post county fair exhibition – July 2015  FADD district veterinarian assigned to collect samples  One set sent to USDA NVSL Plum Island  One set sent to ISU VDL  Positive SVV  Negative for FAD’s
  • 21. Seneca Valley Virus - 2015 December 18, 2015
  • 22. Seneca Valley Virus - 2015  First Iowa case confirmed by NVSL on July 24, 2015  Last Iowa case confirmed by NVSL on December 16, 2015  Swine cases (33) included:  Exhibition  Farrow to Finish  Sow barns – included increased piglet mortality  GDU  Finishers  Processing facilities
  • 23. 2015 FAD Investigations  51 FAD investigations in 2015  Does not include tissue positives
  • 24. Secure Pork Supply – Continuity of Business
  • 25. Premises Registration For IDALS Use Only Date received and by: Date: _____ By: ____ Premises ID No: Premises Identification Number Application (Print Legibly) Business/Farm Account Information Business/Farm Name: Primary Contact: Date: Last First M.I. Secondary Contact: Last First M.I. Business/Farm Mailing Address: 911 Street Address PO Box City State Zip Code County Business Phone: ( ) Fax Number: ( ) Cell Phone: ( ) E-mail Address: Phone Number: ( ) Business Home Cell Fax Pager Signature (required): Business Type(Check one) Individual Partnership Incorporated Non-Profit Organization LLC LLP Operation Type (Check all that apply) Producer Unit/Farm Exhibition Market/Collection Point Port of Entry Tagging site Veterinary Clinic Laboratory Quarantine Facility Slaughter Plant Rendering Non-producer Participant Please mail to above address or fax to (515) 281-4282 Ph: (888) 778-7675 • Email: idals_id@idals.state.ia.us • Web: http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/premiseID.htm Premises Information Primary location where livestock resides, if more than one location and animals are managed separately, apply for multiple premises ID’s on additional forms Premises Name/Description: (ex. “home place”, “feed yard”) Premises Address: Check if same as above, OR Premises Address: 911 Street Address City State Zip County Premises Type (Check all that apply) Production Unit/Farm Veterinary Clinic Exhibition Laboratory Port of Entr Quarantine Facility Rendering Slaughter Plant Market/Collection Point Non-producer Participant Tagging Site Species at Premises (Check all that apply) Cattle and Bison: Cow/Calf Feeder Feedlot Dairy Swine: Farrow/Finish Farrow Finish Nursery Boar Stud Poultry: Chickens Turkeys Other: Goats: Breeding Dairy Feeding Sheep: Breeding Feeding Cervids: Whitetail Deer Elk Other: Camelids: Alpacas Llamas Ratites: Emu Ostrich Rhea Horses Additional Land Descriptions Legal Land Description* _______________ _______________ _______________ (Required if no address) Township Range Section GPS Coordinates* _________________________ _________________________ *(Optional) Latitude (Decimal degrees) Longitude (Decimal degrees) Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship Wallace State Office Building 502 E 9 th St. Des Moines, Iowa 50319 Information relating to the business Signature Premises location Livestock on premises Premises identification required for all premises identified in Control Zones..
  • 26. In Summary  Biosecurity practices need to be reviewed and audited  Realizing there will be disruption of movements – global and interstate markets  Report and know who to contact  Prevention is profitable

Editor's Notes

  1. The department has been given the authority to control disease by the use of quarantine, regulating movement, depopulating and disinfecting farm operations as necessary to prevent the spread of the disease.
  2. Left: Avian Influenze (AI) as seen in rooster with edema and darkness in wattles; open mouth breathing. Top middle: Lumpy Skin Disease as seen on rear leg of calf. Bottom middle: African Horse Sickness: congestion of the conjunctiva in a horse. Right: Vesicle on snout of pig with Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD).