Running head: CHILD WELFARE 1 CHILD WELFARE 2 Child welfare Student name: Institution: Course: Professor: Date: Leadership Theory and Process The selected leadership theory for child welfare project is contingency theory of leadership which tend to focus more on certain variables that relate to the environmental determinant on t specific leadership style that can be applied to suit a given scenario or situation. Based on the model, it is assumed that no method of leadership can be considered to be the best at all types of case or scenarios. For enhancement and development of leadership in Child Welfare project, it is essential for one first to understand the specific capacity of leadership as well as a wide range of issues associated with the leadership style to be deployed (Whittaker, 2017). In other words, leadership in Child Welfare project is not often for everybody. Instead, the leadership is for the responsible leaders who can effectively build organizational capacity in ensuring the permanency safety of the well-being of all children including their parents has been achieved. According to the contingency theory of leadership, leadership does not rely on the leader’s quality instead; it is about the leaders who can effectively strike the right balance among the behaviors, context, and needs of their followers. In essence, a good leader in the child-welfare project should be able to assess the needs of all children and taking time on advising parents on who well they can raise their children as they grow up to be essential people in the societies. References Whittaker, J. K. (2017). The child welfare challenge: Policy, practice, and research. Routledge. Running head: CHILD WELFARE 1 CHILD WELFARE 3 Child welfare Student name: Institution: Course: Professor: Date: Leadership Perspectives The selected agency for this paper is child welfare, which is a continuum of services that are designed in ensuring the safety of all children, and that of their families is successfully achieved. In essence, the agencies of child welfare project should offer full support and coordinate different services to ensure children are protected from neglecting and abuse. Substantially, the system of child welfare is not only about reducing the child abuse within communities, but also it is about the development of ways of maximizing the protection of such children globally (Chamberlain, 2016). Typically, leadership perspective is about change while on the other hand, advocacy perspective is ab.

1. Running head: CHILD WELFARE
1
CHILD WELFARE
2
Child welfare
Student name:
Institution:
Course:
Professor:
Date:
Leadership Theory and Process
The selected leadership theory for child welfare project is
contingency theory of leadership which tend to focus more on
certain variables that relate to the environmental determinant on
t specific leadership style that can be applied to suit a given
scenario or situation. Based on the model, it is assumed that no

2. method of leadership can be considered to be the best at all
types of case or scenarios. For enhancement and development of
leadership in Child Welfare project, it is essential for one first
to understand the specific capacity of leadership as well as a
wide range of issues associated with the leadership style to be
deployed (Whittaker, 2017).
In other words, leadership in Child Welfare project is not often
for everybody. Instead, the leadership is for the responsible
leaders who can effectively build organizational capacity in
ensuring the permanency safety of the well-being of all children
including their parents has been achieved. According to the
contingency theory of leadership, leadership does not rely on
the leader’s quality instead; it is about the leaders who can
effectively strike the right balance among the behaviors,
context, and needs of their followers. In essence, a good leader
in the child-welfare project should be able to assess the needs of
all children and taking time on advising parents on who well
they can raise their children as they grow up to be essential
people in the societies.
References
Whittaker, J. K. (2017). The child welfare challenge: Policy,
practice, and research. Routledge.
Running head: CHILD WELFARE
1
CHILD WELFARE
3

3. Child welfare
Student name:
Institution:
Course:
Professor:
Date:
Leadership Perspectives
The selected agency for this paper is child welfare, which is a
continuum of services that are designed in ensuring the safety
of all children, and that of their families is successfully
achieved. In essence, the agencies of child welfare project
should offer full support and coordinate different services to
ensure children are protected from neglecting and abuse.
Substantially, the system of child welfare is not only about
reducing the child abuse within communities, but also it is
about the development of ways of maximizing the protection of
such children globally (Chamberlain, 2016). Typically,
leadership perspective is about change while on the other hand,
advocacy perspective is about the influence on people to do
things differently. Child welfare requires both advocacy and
leadership perspective to accomplish the goal of protecting

4. children and their families.
Sometimes, it is essential to utilize leadership perspective
rather than advocacy, especially when the children welfare is
the concern. This is because some people or parents might resist
the back suppor, thereby ending up being difficult in
influencing the way they raise their children. However, the
leadership perspective is about change, and it can be applied
whether such parents are interested or not. Besides, the use of
advocacy perspective might also work in place of leadership
such that parents can be successfully be influenced about how
well they can raise their children to become essential elements
to the societies rather than forcing the change to exist.
References
Chamberlain, P., Feldman, S. W., Wulczyn, F., Saldana, L., &
Forgatch, M. (2016). Implementation and evaluation of linked
parenting models in a large urban child welfare system. Child
abuse & neglect, 53, 27-39.
Running head: TREATMENT OUTCOME MODELS
Running head: TREATMENT OUTCOME MODELS
Week 4 Assignment: Treatment Outcome Models

5. Professor Patricia Coccoma
HUMN 6511- Treatment of Forensic Populations
June 18, 2019
Treatment Models
For the various groups of individuals partaking in therapy,
there are several forms of treatment plans. In each treatment
program, the success or failure can be assessed by the person
responsible for vesting interest in the result of a specific
treatment. Treating of the forensic population utilizes three
primary models; recidivism, relapse, and harm reduction.
Instant implication on the understanding of an anticipated
therapeutic outcome is linked to the three models. The three
models can be very resourceful to clinicians who seek to
accomplish technical and medical publications that are
proficient and also be assisted in the preparation of a tactic for
treatment in legal environments. Recidivism model is grounded
firmly on the principle of recidivism (returning of an individual
back to prison following a release, irrespective of a newer
offense or repetition of the old one that got them confined
initially). In almost all circumstances, when recidivism occurs
to a person, it is regarded as a failure (Hiller et al., pp.835).
The relapse models, on the other hand, is a bit outlined on
its basis, which is, whether or not an individual reverts to an
initial undesirable pattern of behavior. Commonly, relapse is
often linked to the drug, but it can also apply to the treatment of
mental health issues. The relapse model mainly invokes up

6. negative implications and cannot be seen from a positive
perspective (Laws, 23). The Harm-Reduction Model is the one
that has practically been examined, evaluated, and referred at
minimal of the three models. Interesting enough, the model is
endorsed theoretically by many clinicians as opposed to the
other two models. The foundation of the model is on the theory
that success of a treatment is defined by the offender causing
minimal harm through their consequent misconduct following
treatment than the damage they would have produced if no
treatment had been received (Marlatt, pp.780)
The three models would be unsuccessful in their treatment
in a real sense within the forensic population. There is a little
positive attribute that can be drawn from the models, making
them irrelevant as a model for treatment outcome (Wong &
Gordon, pp.464). There are high levels of inaccuracy related to
recidivism model as it puts much focus on people that are
recidivating as opposed to the causes of the outcome. The main
issue that causes recidivism is overlooked that would make
felons change in their way of life, thus the model is ineffective.
Relapse model does not take into account that it settles to
individual decision of quitting specific misconduct, and once
out of prison, it is easier for an individual to relapse. The same
can be extrapolated to mental health issues where mediations
stabilize a prisoner but once released and choose not to adhere
to the stipulated medications, relapse follows. The harm-
reduction model appears to contradict the whole purpose of
treatment. Reducing the harm or damage does not guarantee
treatment. There are a lot of challenges as a result of utilizing
the models compared to the avoidance of using them due to
their ineffectiveness. Recidivism model is advantageous to keep
account of the population that recidivate once freed from jail,
thus contributing significant statistical figures for future
reference. The relapse model has the advantage of allowing
people to make mistakes as it is in human nature but ensuring
that they have few harmful consequences. The harm-reduction
model that is rarely used of the other two models makes

7. offenders engage in less atrocious activities that would be much
worse unregulated.
Through the evaluation of the three primary outcome
models, it is accurate to conclude that more research is required
in arrival at a useful treatment outcome model. None of the
three outcome models can be fully asserted to be effective in the
treatment of offenders. There is more likelihood of the three
models causing more harmful effects on the offenders than
serve its the purpose of deterrence. The possibility of having
more effective alternatives to replace the three outcome models
in the field of psychology and forensics is still valid.
References
Hiller, M, Knight, K, Simpson, D. "Prison-based substance
abuse treatment, residential aftercare, and recidivism."
Addiction. Vol 94, Issue 6. (1999): 833-842.
Laws, R. “The rise and fall of relapse prevention.” Australian
Psychologist. Vol 38, Issue 1. (2003): 22-30.
Marlatt, G. "Harm reduction: Come as you are." Addictive
Behaviors. Vol 21, Issue 6. (1996): 779-788.
Wong, S, Gordon, A. “The violence reduction program: A
treatment program for violence-prone forensic clients.”
Psychology, Crime & Law. Vol 19, Issue 5-6. (2013): 461-475.
Running head: CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND
TREATMENT
CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND TREATMENT
Cultural Competency and Treatment of persons with mental
illness
Alexis Lowe

8. Professor Patricia Coccoma
HUMN 6511- Treatment of Forensic Populations
June 16, 2019
Cultural Competency and Treatment of persons with mental
illness
The culturally diverse forensic population that I chose to
research is those who are mentally ill. This population is of
particular interest to me because I have always wanted to work
in agencies that do an intervention for members of this
population and I have always felt that something should be done
when I find helpless people on the streets who are mentally ill.
Mentally ill persons can be described using characteristics
which cut across the population but lean mostly to the side of
those who have an extreme mental illness. Most of them
experience financial distress, homelessness, lack of money to
rent houses and dependence of social programs like social
security. Others have violent behavior and remain dependent on
mental services for a long time (Naylor et al., 2016). The
mentally ill often commit small crimes and because of their
health situation, they find themselves in difficult situations.
According to Rickwood, 2006, mentally ill persons going
through corrections procedures often suffer more psychological
problems and this limits their chances of recovery.
The Unique Characteristics of Mentally Ill Patients
Rickwood explores the representation of the mentally ill in the
criminal justice system. According to Rickwood, the mentally
ill are over three times more represented in the criminal justice
compared to the ordinary community and this is something of
concern. In certain cultures, more persons who have a mental
illness live in correction facilities compared to others. However,
incarceration is seen to be a major cause of mental health

9. problems due to some of the corrective measures that are
employed. Depression among Hispanics is noted to be highest at
slightly over 10%, followed by African Americans than Whites
(Corin, 2017) Depression cuts across all age groups and genders
in the recent past. According to Rickwood there is need to
ensure that specialized and professional mental health services
are provided in correctional facilities to ensure that the
correction process does not negatively impact the victims. pre-
release preparation and post-release follow-up are key areas that
need a proper overhaul to ensure that the number of cases of
relapse is reduced accordingly. Proper understanding of the
cultural background of a patient is a major consideration in
choosing treatment procedures and it ensures that the health
service provider is cult rally aware of the implications of
certain choices on certain groups of people. Cultural
considerations affect beliefs about sickness, pain and where
people seek medical help.
Challenges Human Service Professional face involving Mental
Illness
Working with people who have mental illness presents serious
challenges that need to be addressed depending on the situation
at hand. The cultural beliefs of the patient form a key
consideration in the treatment process (Corin, 2017). Some
patients are violent and this presents a key challenge in
treatment. To address this the human service provider must be
keen to have a good plan, speak firmly and avoid confrontation
with the patient. It is also important to ensure that the patient
does not harm himself or harm others. Making sure that if
family members of the patient are present fully understand what
will happen throughout the treatment process is one way of
ensuring that they are able to offer support. For homeless
patients or those who are fully dependent on support services, it
is important to contact the social worker in charge to ensure that
their recovery process is supported.
References

10. Corin, E. (2017). The social and cultural matrix of health and
disease. In Why are some people healthy and others not? (pp.
93-132). Routledge.
Naylor, C., Das, P., Ross, S., Honeyman, M., Thompson, J., &
Gilburt, H. (2016).
Bringing together physical and mental health. King's Fund.
Rickwood, D. (2006). Pathways of recovery. Preventing further
episodes of mental illness (Monograph). Commonwealth of
Australia.
Running head: SOCIAL CHANGE
1
SOCIAL CHANGE
Week 2 Assignment Child Welfare Social Change
Alexis Lowe
HUMN 6660: Social Change, Leadership, and Advocacy for
Human Service Professionals
June 9, 2019

11. Social change – child welfare
Issues to encounter in the strategic plan
Foster children who depend on the society for their living are
mostly not given the care that they deserve. Foster children
mostly do not grow and develop normally like children who are
raised by their biological parents. They face so many problems
and that is what this strategic plan wishes to address. Some of
the specific issues to encounter include; child abuse, being
unwanted, and generally being neglected. Most of these children
face poverty, unnecessary disconnections from family and also
limited access to opportunities. These children face the above
problems because they do not have anyone to represent them in
the political world, they have no voice therefore no one can
hear them, and they are minors in the society so no one really
cares about them.
The change needed to address these issues
The change needed to address the above issues to eliminate the
problems and challenges faced by foster children so that they
can access opportunities and create policies that will help them
transition in and from foster care effectively. Annie E. Casey
Foundation is an effective foundation that has helped most
foster children through practice, policy and evaluation tools that
seek to improve their opportunities and assets as well as help to
build their personal and financial assets by engaging them in
self-advocacy and leadership opportunities.
Change theory and how to apply it
Kurt Lewin change theory is applicable in this strategic plan. It
is a three-step model which include unfreeze, change, and
freeze. Lewin’s model ensures that there is a radical change,
minimized disruption of the structure’s operations, and
permanent change (Cummings et al., 2016). Unfreezing means
making people unlearn their bad ways and open to change their
way of doing their activities for a positive change. The second

12. step is change. This is the implementation phase. When people
have opened up their minds for a change, transition begins and
it might take some time. The last step is freeze. This is
cementing the change. Once a change has been made, it should
be made permanent. This theory will be applied by changing the
activities of foster care, policies applied in foster care and the
society’s perception of foster children. It will begin with
presenting the issues to be changed to the concerned parties and
persuading them to open up for a change in the way foster
children are handled. Secondly, once every party is open-
minded about the change, then change will be implemented. For
example, it is important to create jobs for foster children as they
exit foster care and live by their own. Lastly, the change will be
made permanent by putting it to practice.
Ethical issues
Some of ethical challenges that might me faced in implementing
these changes are; every person is entitled to their opinion and
no one should be forced to accept the change. It is a personal
decision to make. Therefore, it is not every person that will
accept the change and implement it as expected. Secondly, some
changes will require some personal information of the foster
children. It is ethically unaccepted to force anyone to give out
personal information if that person is not comfortable about is
(Hayes, 2018).
How to address the above ethical issues
Professional code of ethics advices that, it is good to persuade
people by telling them the importance of a change, then leave
them to make their own decision. On the second issue, no one
should be forced to give out their personal information if that
person chooses not to. It should be voluntary.
Opportunities and challenges in implementing the change
Some of the opportunities in implementing the change include;
getting support from other child welfare organizations with a
similar vision and also individuals who have passed though
foster care because they understand more about the need for the
change. On the other hand, the major challenge that might be

13. experienced is unwillingness to receive the change positively.
Some people may just decide not to corporate.
References
Cummings, S., Bridgman, T., & Brown, K. G. (2016).
Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewin’s
legacy for change management. Human relations, 69(1), 33-60.
Hayes, J. (2018). The theory and practice of change
management. Palgrave.