India

1. Amazing India!Amazing India!

3. The Population FactorThe Population Factor
 The world’s 2The world’s 2ndnd
largestlargest
country withcountry with
1,121,800,0001,121,800,000
 Only 1/3 the size of theOnly 1/3 the size of the
U.S.U.S.
 1.7%1.7% natural increasenatural increase
 2025 – approaching2025 – approaching 1.41.4
billionbillion

4. World’s largest!World’s largest!
 Will surpassWill surpass ChinaChina byby
20322032
 70 million have moved70 million have moved
to the cities betweento the cities between
1991-20011991-2001
 Growing massive citiesGrowing massive cities
such as: Mumbai, Newsuch as: Mumbai, New
Delhi, Kolkata, ChennaiDelhi, Kolkata, Chennai

7. Urban/RuralUrban/Rural
 India is stillIndia is still 70% rural70% rural inin
terms of population.terms of population.
 OverOver 600,000 villages600,000 villages areare
found throughout thefound throughout the
country.country.
 What does this mean?What does this mean?

8. Crushing PovertyCrushing Poverty
 Per Capita GDP - $3600Per Capita GDP - $3600
 100 million farmers own100 million farmers own
NONO land.land.
 Approximately 80% ofApproximately 80% of
all Indians live on theall Indians live on the
equivalent of less thanequivalent of less than
$2 a day$2 a day..

9. Tremendous Rural PovertyTremendous Rural Poverty

10. The Physical GeographyThe Physical Geography
 The Indian sub-continentThe Indian sub-continent
 HimalayasHimalayas bound to the northbound to the north
•World’s highest mountainWorld’s highest mountain
rangerange
 Bay of Bengal to the eastBay of Bengal to the east
 Arabian Sea to the westArabian Sea to the west
 Thar Desert to the westThar Desert to the west

12. ClimateClimate
 Overall a tropical countryOverall a tropical country
between 10 and 30 degreesbetween 10 and 30 degrees
NorthNorth
 Monsoon impactMonsoon impact
• Seasonal reversal of windSeasonal reversal of wind
• Blowing across the warmBlowing across the warm
Indian Ocean in the summerIndian Ocean in the summer
monthsmonths
• Coming down off the coolComing down off the cool
Himalayas in the winterHimalayas in the winter

13. 2 Seasons!2 Seasons!
Dry season –Dry season –
•November to AprilNovember to April
Wet season –Wet season –
•May to OctoberMay to October

14. India’s LandscapeIndia’s Landscape
 InteriorInterior
• Deccan PlateauDeccan Plateau
• Abundant supply of arable landAbundant supply of arable land
• Extensive River SystemExtensive River System
 Large River SystemLarge River System
• Ganges – India’s mostGanges – India’s most
importantimportant
• Many rivers produce hydro-Many rivers produce hydro-
electric powerelectric power

15. Sunrise on the GangesSunrise on the Ganges

16. Mountains of IndiaMountains of India
 Mountainous RimMountainous Rim
 Hems in the countryHems in the country
 Has not prevented invasionsHas not prevented invasions
howeverhowever
• HimalayasHimalayas
• Western GhatsWestern Ghats
• Eastern GhatsEastern Ghats
• Rainforests in the shadow ofRainforests in the shadow of
the Ghatsthe Ghats

17. KanchenjungaKanchenjunga
(India’s highest)(India’s highest)

18. Settlement and SocietySettlement and Society
 2000 BC? Aryans crossed into2000 BC? Aryans crossed into
South AsiaSouth Asia
 Indus civilization developedIndus civilization developed
 Brought ancient SanskritBrought ancient Sanskrit
language and written sacred textlanguage and written sacred text
• Vedas – a written texts ofVedas – a written texts of
prayers, chants, andprayers, chants, and
meditations became themeditations became the
foundation of Hinduismfoundation of Hinduism

19. HinduismHinduism
 Complex polytheistic religionComplex polytheistic religion
 Brahma – a supreme creatorBrahma – a supreme creator
• Shiva – destroyer of ignoranceShiva – destroyer of ignorance
• Ganesh – lord of successGanesh – lord of success
• Vishnu – the protectorVishnu – the protector
• Lakshmi – goddess of prosperityLakshmi – goddess of prosperity
 Sacred Texts include:Sacred Texts include:
• Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad-GitaVedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad-Gita

23. Basic Beliefs of HinduismBasic Beliefs of Hinduism
 All living things have a soul (atman)All living things have a soul (atman)
 The earth is temporary (Maya)The earth is temporary (Maya)
 Ultimate goal isUltimate goal is liberationliberation
 Only possible throughOnly possible through reincarnationreincarnation
• Souls passing through a cycle of deathSouls passing through a cycle of death
and rebirthand rebirth
 Follow one’sFollow one’s dharmadharma creating goodcreating good
karmakarma
• Good and bad deeds that will come backGood and bad deeds that will come back
to youto you

24. Caste SystemCaste System
 Strict and distinct class systemStrict and distinct class system
outlawed but still practiced.outlawed but still practiced.
 A person is locked in their casteA person is locked in their caste
throughout this lifetime.throughout this lifetime.
 You are not to marry outside ofYou are not to marry outside of
this caste. Still largely arranged.this caste. Still largely arranged.
 Distinctive names, dress, andDistinctive names, dress, and
even language may distinguisheven language may distinguish
castescastes

25. Caste levelsCaste levels
 Brahman – traditional casteBrahman – traditional caste
of priests, religious teachers,of priests, religious teachers,
and judgesand judges
 Kshatriyas – traditionalKshatriyas – traditional
warrior and politician classwarrior and politician class
 Vaisyas – Merchant class andVaisyas – Merchant class and
land owning farmersland owning farmers
 Shudras – common laborersShudras – common laborers

26. The “untouchables”The “untouchables”
 Also known as “dalits” literally meanAlso known as “dalits” literally mean
oppressed.oppressed.
 Traditionally prevented fromTraditionally prevented from
associating with any other caste.associating with any other caste.
 Did the most unclean of workDid the most unclean of work
including cleaning sewage fromincluding cleaning sewage from
streets and handling dead animals.streets and handling dead animals.
 Approximately 160-180 million inApproximately 160-180 million in
India today.India today.

27. Colonial IndiaColonial India
 Why did the British come?Why did the British come?
• British East India Company (1700’s)British East India Company (1700’s)
• A virtual British colonyA virtual British colony
• Cotton and teaCotton and tea
• Cotton exporting destroyed much ofCotton exporting destroyed much of
the local cottage industry.the local cottage industry.
• Sold finished products back to IndiaSold finished products back to India
• 1858 Sepoy Mutiny led to full British1858 Sepoy Mutiny led to full British
control of South Asia.control of South Asia.

28. Colonial IndiaColonial India
 How were they able toHow were they able to
colonize?colonize?
•Hundred of ethnic groupsHundred of ethnic groups
and languagesand languages
•Inferior technologyInferior technology
•HinduismHinduism
 General passivityGeneral passivity

29. The Independence MovementThe Independence Movement

30. Mohandas K. GandhiMohandas K. Gandhi
 The “Mahatma” or Great SoulThe “Mahatma” or Great Soul
 BornBorn in Gujarat in 1869in Gujarat in 1869
 Married at 13 to Kasturba.Married at 13 to Kasturba.
His wife for the rest of theirHis wife for the rest of their
lives together.lives together.
 Went to study in England inWent to study in England in
1888.1888.
•Graduated from Oxford as aGraduated from Oxford as a
barristerbarrister

31. Mohandas K. GandhiMohandas K. Gandhi
 Went to practice law in SouthWent to practice law in South
Africa in 1894Africa in 1894
•Fought racial injustice whileFought racial injustice while
herehere
 Returned to India in 1914Returned to India in 1914
 Spent the next 40 years plusSpent the next 40 years plus
as an advocate for Indianas an advocate for Indian
independence.independence.

32. Mohandas K. GandhiMohandas K. Gandhi
 Advocated non-violence as theAdvocated non-violence as the
proper method.proper method.
 Led boycotts of British productsLed boycotts of British products
(cotton)(cotton)
 Jailed many timesJailed many times
 Fasted successfully to gainFasted successfully to gain
attentionattention
 Became a social advocate withBecame a social advocate with
both Hindu (Nehru)and Muslimboth Hindu (Nehru)and Muslim
(Jinnah) leaders.(Jinnah) leaders.

33. Mohandas K. GandhiMohandas K. Gandhi
 Sought a unified, non-partitionedSought a unified, non-partitioned
India.India.
 Hindu and Muslims would not agreeHindu and Muslims would not agree
 India and Pakistan were divided asIndia and Pakistan were divided as
they became independent.they became independent.
• India gains independence onIndia gains independence on
August 15, 1947August 15, 1947
12 million people move and a million12 million people move and a million
are killed in the process.are killed in the process.

34. Gandhi’s deathGandhi’s death
 WasWas
assassinated byassassinated by
a Hindua Hindu
nationalist,nationalist,
Nathuram GodseNathuram Godse
in Delhi onin Delhi on
January 30,January 30,
1948.1948.
Godse was laterGodse was later
hanged.hanged.

35. Modern IndiaModern India
 The world’s largest democracyThe world’s largest democracy
 Multiple party systemMultiple party system
• Congress Party, BJP Hindu PartyCongress Party, BJP Hindu Party
 Prime Minister – Manmohan SinghPrime Minister – Manmohan Singh
 Capital – New DelhiCapital – New Delhi
 Foreign policyForeign policy
• Nuclear power with a long history ofNuclear power with a long history of
conflict and mistrust of neighboringconflict and mistrust of neighboring
PakistanPakistan

36. 28 state and 7 UT28 state and 7 UT

37. Diverse CultureDiverse Culture
 83% Hindu83% Hindu
 Approximately 150 millionApproximately 150 million
MuslimsMuslims
 Minorities of Buddhists, Sikhs,Minorities of Buddhists, Sikhs,
Jains, Zoroastrians, ChristiansJains, Zoroastrians, Christians
and Jews.and Jews.
 18 “scheduled” or standard18 “scheduled” or standard
languages recognized by thelanguages recognized by the
government.government.
 Hindi and English are officialHindi and English are official
 Dozens of other languagesDozens of other languages

38. Traditional Patriarchal SocietyTraditional Patriarchal Society
 Largely male dominatedLargely male dominated
 Extended families stillExtended families still
importantimportant
 Arranged marriages stillArranged marriages still
commoncommon
 Dowry still paid by bridesDowry still paid by brides
familiesfamilies
 Marriage for love becomingMarriage for love becoming
more common, especiallymore common, especially
within the cities.within the cities.

39. Cultural TraitsCultural Traits
 Indian food (regional)Indian food (regional)
• ““curry”, tamarind, coriander,curry”, tamarind, coriander,
naan bread, paneer, chickennaan bread, paneer, chicken
tikka, samosa,tikka, samosa,
 CurrencyCurrency
• Rupee – 43 R to the $1.00Rupee – 43 R to the $1.00
 Traditional clothingTraditional clothing
• SariSari
• Salwar kamizSalwar kamiz
• Kurta pajamaKurta pajama

40. High TechHigh Tech India!India!
 Bangalore in southern India isBangalore in southern India is
the new software center of thethe new software center of the
world!world!
 Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Motorola,Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Motorola,
Intel, Honeywell, Cisco, Philips,Intel, Honeywell, Cisco, Philips,
and Delland Dell
 Indian software companies:Indian software companies:
TATA, Wipro, and Infosys.TATA, Wipro, and Infosys.
 Gurgaon, Chennai, and otherGurgaon, Chennai, and other
cities are becomingcities are becoming call centercall center
headquarters.headquarters.

42. Major issues India facesMajor issues India faces
 Population related:Population related:
• PovertyPoverty
• Literacy rates (education)Literacy rates (education)
• Agricultural misuse or overuseAgricultural misuse or overuse
 Hindu – Muslim relationships:Hindu – Muslim relationships:
• India – Pakistan tensionsIndia – Pakistan tensions
• Kashmir situationKashmir situation
• Sikh nationalismSikh nationalism
• Hindu nationalismHindu nationalism

43. Amazing India!Amazing India!
 Watch this emerging giant as weWatch this emerging giant as we
enter a new phase of the 21enter a new phase of the 21stst
century!century!