os

1. Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright
holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while
restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering
Windows, Mac, Solaris .
Contents
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1 Types of OS on the basis of
Owenership
o 1.1 Proprietary OS :
o 1.2 Open Source OS :
2 Types of OS based on
Processing
3 Difference between real-
time and real-time
transactions.
4 Operating System can also
be classified as:
Open Source OS :
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is available in source code form: the
source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under
an open-source license that permits users to study, change, improve and at times also to
distribute the software. Open source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative
manner. For eg Ubuntu, BOSS/edu-BOSS. Synaptic package manger is used in linux to to install,
remove and upgrade software packages and to add repositories.
EduBOSS, adapted from BOSS GNU/Linux, has educational applications that are useful for
school students (primary and higher levels). Features include educational games, paint & graphic
tools, typing tutor, and a host of tools and packages for basic learning, and also for teaching
subjects like Maths, Science, Social etc. for higher classes. It also contains an eLearning editor
which enables teachers to design, develop and publish web-based learning and teaching materials
as well on-line quiz, tests and self-evaluation procedures.22 Indian languages support.
Types of OS based on Processing
Batch Processing System: Data or programs are collected grouped and processed at a later date
• Example of Use: Payroll, stock control and billing systems

2. Real-time Systems: Inputs immediately affect the outputs. Timing is critical i.e. they are capable
of influencing the source of the data e.g. control where data from sensors is processed
immediately and affect the outputs - controlling some device. Timing is critical and the term
real-time control system.
•Example of Use: e.g. control of nuclear power plants, oil refining, chemical processing
and traffic control systems, air.
Real-time transaction: Inputs immediately affect the outputs but timing is not critical. Each
transaction is completed online as it arises e.g. booking systems - each booking is online and a
database of bookings can be amended interactively and very quickly whilst another user is
locked out so cannot double book or alter that record at the same time.
•Example of Use: Holiday and airline booking system
Difference between real- time and real-time
transactions.
In real time, time is critical and delays can be catastrophic but in real-time transactions systems
there is no time criticality. E.g. poor speeds in airline control would be dangerous but poor
booking speeds would not be so crucial.
Online processing: Processing performed under the direct control of the CPU whilst the
remains in communication user with the computer
Offline processing: Processing which is done away from CPU.
• Example of Use: e.g. batching together of clock cards, filling in OMR forms.
• Provides for interaction between the job and the user, which may influence the course
of processing. Such systems may be single-user (e.g. a personal computer).
Multi-access on-line: Any users linked by workstations to a central computer such as a
in network.
• Example of Use: Holiday or airline booking system. One person must be locked out
when another is updating the file. This helps to prevent Double booking
Interactive processing: The user has to be present and program cannot proceed until
there is some input from the user

3. • Example of Use: Select from a menu at ATM.
Distributed system: Processing is carried out independently in more than one location,
with shared and but controlled access to some common facilities.
• Example of Use: Databases e.g. libraries
Multiprogramming: Ability to run many programs apparently at the same time.
• Example of Use: Mainframe systems. Each job is allocated a small amount of
processing time (time slice) in turn.
Multi tasking: The ability to hold several programs in RAM at one time but the user
switches between them.
• Example of Use: Usually uses GUI's. Facilitates import and export of data
Operating System can also be classified as:
• Single User Systems: Provides a platform for only one user at a time. They are popularly
associated with Desk Top operating system which run on standalone systems where no user
accounts are required. Example: DOS.
• Multi User Systems:Provides regulated access for a number of users by maintaining a
database of known users.Refers to computer systems that support two or more simultaneous
users. Another term for multi-user is time sharing. Ex: All mainframes andare multi-user
systems. Example: Unix