hypertension

1. HYPER TENSION
(HT) or (HTN)
SURYA PRAKSH R
PHARMACY PRACTICE

2. WHAT IS HTN
 Hypertension is also known as high
blood pressure.
 It is defined as transitory (short-lived)
or chronic elevation of the blood
pressure in the arteries.
 This elevation may lead to cardiovascular
damage.

3. HTN
It can lead to severe health complications
and increase the risk of heart disease,
stroke, and sometimes death.
Usually hypertension is defined as blood
pressure above 140/90,
and is considered severe if the pressure is
above 180/120.

4. TYPES

Primary or essential hypertension
It’s the elevation of BP without an
identified cause

Secondary hypertension
It’s the elevation of BP with an exact
cause.

5. CAUSES OF SECONDARY
HTN
Congenital narrowing of aorta
Renal disease
Endocrine disorders (cushing’ syndrome)
Neurological disorders (brain tumors &
head injury)
Sleep apnea
Medications (oral contraceptive pills,
NSAID & coccaine)
Cirrhosis of liver

6. RISK FACTORS
 Smoking
 Obesity Or Being Overweight
 Diabetes
 Having A Sedentary Lifestyle
 Lack Of Physical Activity
 High Salt Or Alcohol Intake Levels
 Insufficient Consumption Of Calcium, Potassium Or
Magnesium
 Deficiency In Vitamin D
 Stress, Aging
 Chronic Kidney Disease
 And Adrenal And Thyroid Conditions Or Tumors
 Some Individuals May Also Be Genetically Predisposed To
Hypertension

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

The normal BP is maintained by four
mechanisms,
 Sympathetic nervous system activities
 Activities of vascular system
 Activities of renal system
 Activities of endocrine system

8. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Sometimes the high bp does not causes any
symptoms , so that is known as silent killer
disease.
In some patients the symptoms will develop
like,
 Headaches, Fatigue, Confusion, Dizziness,
vomiting,Nausea, Vision Problems, Chest
Pains, Breathing Problems, Irregular
Heartbeat And Blood In The Urine
That Are All Symptoms Of Hypertension

9. DIOGNOSIS

HISTORY COLLECTION

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

MEDICAL HISTORY OF DIABETES
MELLITUS

CHEST X-RAY

BLOOD TEST

ECG

10. MANAGEMENT

MAINLY THE MANAGEMENT OF
HYPERTENSION IS POSSIBLE BY TWO
WAYS,
 LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION
 PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY

11. Life Style Modification
Weight reduction
Dash diet (dietary approaches to stop
HTN)
Dietary sodium reduction
Reduce alcohol
Stop smoking
Exercise
Stress managements

12. Pharmacological Therapy
 A class of drugs that are used to treat
hypertension that’s called as Anti-
hypertensive Drugs
 Antihypertensive drugs comprise
several classes of compound with the
therapeutic intention of preventing,
controlling, or treating hypertension

13. DRUGS
Diuretics :it helps to inhibit the sodium
reabsorption in the distal convoluted
tubules,ascending limb and loop of henle
 Eg :cholorothiazide,furosemide
ACE INHIBITORS : this group of medication
will reduce the conversion of A- I TO A-Ⅱ
prevents vasoconstriction.
 Eg :Captopril,Ramipril

14. DRUGS

Alpha Blockers : These Medications
Causes The Peripheral Vasodilation Of
Blood Vessels.
 Eg:prazosin

Beta Blockers : These Medications
Reduces The Workload Of The Heart &
Blood Vessel And Causing The Heart To
Beat Slowly & Less Force.
 Eg: Atenolol,propanolol

15. DRUGS
Calcium channel blockers : these medicines
will block the movement of extra cellular calcium
into the cells and causing vasodilation&
decreased heart rate.
 Eg: amlodipine,verapamil
Vasodilators: these medications acting directly
on the muscles in the wall of arteries &
preventing the muscles from tightening and
arteries from narrowing.
 Eg: nitroglycerin,sodium nitro prusside