Octopuses have eight arms that trail behind as they swim and have no internal or external skeleton. Dolphins are marine mammals closely related to whales that live in shallow seas and eat fish and squid. Sea turtles spend most of their time submerged but surface to quickly breathe air through a rapid exchange in their lungs adapted for diving. Sea stars are echinoderms with the scientific name Asteroidea and are sometimes called starfish, which can also refer to closely related brittle stars. Penguins are flightless birds that live in the southern hemisphere and Antarctica, having black and white plumage and wings that become flippers.