In this PPT I clearly discuss on the topic of different transmission media of internet... Guided and Unguided media

1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
TRANSMISSION
MEDIA
PRESENTED BY:-
SUBHRADEEP MITRA
M.C.A,B.SC(COMPUTER SC HONOURS)
FROM UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA

2. WHAT IS TRANSMISSION MEDIA
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
GUIDED MEDIA
TWISTED PAIR CABLE
CO-AXIAL CABLE
FIBER OPTIC CABLE
UNGUIDED MEDIA
REFERENCES
RADIO WAVE
MICRO WAVE
INFRARED WAVE
SATELLITE

3. WHAT IS TRANSMISSION MEDIA
• A transmission medium is a physical path between
thetransmitterand the receiver.
• Different types of cables or waves use to transmit
data.
• Data is transmitted normally through
electrical or electromagnetic signals.
• Transmission media are located below the
physical layer of OSI model.

4. TRANSMISSION MEDIA
GUIDED MEDIA UNGUIDED MEDIA
TWISTED PAIR
CABLE
COAXIAL
CABLE
FIBER OPTIC
CABLE
RADIO WAVE MICRO WAVE INFRARED WAVE SATELLITE
STP UTP

5. GUIDED MEDIA
 In guided media, transmitted data travels through
cabling system that has a fixed path
 The characteristics and quality of a data transmission
are determined both by the medium and the signal
 FEATURES:-
i. High Speed
ii. Secure
iii. Used for comparatively shorter distances

6. TWISTED PAIR CABLE
• A twisted pair consists of two conductors basically copper
based.
• Its has own plastic insulation, twisted together.
 FEATURES :-
• One wire use to carry signals to the receiver
• Second wire used as a ground reference.
• For twisting, after receiving the signal remains
same.
• Therefore number of twists per unit length,
determines the quality of cable.

7. TWISTED PAIR CABLE
ADVANTAGES:
• Can be used for both analog and digital
transmissions.
• Least expensive for short distances.
• Entire network does not go down if a
part of network is damaged.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Signal cannot travel long distances
without repeaters.
• Not suitable for broadband connections.
• Very thin and hence breaks easily TWISTED PAIR
CABLE

8. TWISTED PAIR CABLE
APPLICATIONS:-
 Use in Telephone network.
 Connection with in a building.
 Use in Local Area Network (LAN) system.
TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR CABLE:-
i. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
ii. Un Shielded Twisted Pair(UTP) LAN CABLE

9. TYPE OF TWISTED PAIR CABLE
• Pair of unshielded wires wound around each
other
• Easiest to install
• Pair of wires wound around each
other
placed inside a protective foil wrap
• Metal braid or sheath foil that reduces
interference
UTP
STP

10. CO-AXIAL CABLE
 Co-axial cable carries signal of higher
frequency ranges than twisted pair cable
 Inner conductor is a solid wire
 Outer conductor serves as a shield against
noise and a second conductor
 FEATURES :-

11. CO-AXIAL CABLE
ADVANTAGES: 1. Easy to expand
2. Moderate level of Electro Magnetic
Interferences
DISADVANTAGES: 1. Cost of installation of a coaxial cable
is high due to its thickness and
stiffness
2. Cost of maintenance is also high
APPLICATION:- 1. Cable T.V network use Co-axial cable

12. FIBER OPTIC CABLE
A fiber optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmit
signals in the form of light.
NATURE OF LIGHT:-
• Light travels in a straight line
• If light goes from one substance to another then the ray of
light changes direction
• Ray of light changes direction when goes from denser
medium to rarer medium is called refraction of light.

13. CONCEPT OF TOTAL
INTERNAL REFLECTION
Angle of Incidence (I): The angle the ray makes with the line
perpendicular to the interface between the two substances.
Critical Angle:- The angle of incidence which provides an
angle of refraction of 90-degrees.
Condition of Total Internal Reflection:-
1. Light travel from denser medium to rearer medium
2. Angle of Incidence always grater than critical angle

14. FIBER OPTIC CABLE
 Uses reflection to guide light through a
channel
 Core is of glass or plastic
surrounded by Cladding
 Cladding is of less dense glass or plastic
APPLICATION:-
• Telecommunications
• Local Area Networks
• Cable TV Network
• CCTV
CCTV

15. FIBER OPTIC CABLE
ADVANTAGES:-
• Greater capacity and High Data Transmission rate.
• Smaller size & light weight.
• Easy to installation process.
• Transfer Data very long distance
DISADVANTAGES:-
• Installation and maintenance
need expertise
• Only Unidirectional light
propagation
• Much more expensive FIBER OPTIC NETWORK

16. UNGUIDED MEDIA
 Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves
without using a physical conductor it is known as
wireless communication.
 Signals broadcast through free space and available to
capable receiver
 In unguided media, air is the media through which the
electromagnetic energy can flow easily.

17. RADIO WAVE
FEATURES:-
• Electromagnetic waves that are
transmitted all the directions of free space
• Radio waves are omnidirectional
• The range in frequencies of radio
waves is from 3Khz to 1 Ghz
APPLICATIONS:-
1. FM radio.
2. Television.
3. Cordless Phones. ANTENNA

18. MICRO WAVE
FEATURES:-
• Microwaves are ideal when large areas
need to be covered and there are no
obstacles in the path.
• Microwaves are unidirectional
• Micro waves electromagnetic waves having
frequency between 1 GHZ and 300 GHZ. PARABOLIC ANTENNA
APPLICATIONS:-
• Cellular Network
• Diathermy , Cancer Treatment.
• Cooking Purpose
MICRO OVEN

19. INFRARED WAVE
FEATURES:-
• Frequencies between 300 GHz - 400 THz
• Used for short-range communication
• Can’t penetrate wall.
APPLICATIONS:-
• T.V, V.C.R & A.C remote.
• File sharing between two phones.
• Night Vision Camera
TV Remote
Night Vision CCTV Camera

20. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
UPLINK:- Itisapartofthecommunicationlinkwheresignalsfroman
earthterminalaresenttoasatellite
DOWNLINK:- It is a part of the communication link where signals
sendfromsatellitetoearthboundterminal
TRANSPONDER:- Amplify the UPLINK signal then send to
earthbound terminal

21. REFERENCES
1. Modern Computer Application- Sanmoy Kundu
2. Data Communications & Networking - Behrouz A Forouzan
3. https://rfeq.com
4. https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com
5. https://www.aero.iitb.ac.in
6. https://www.wikipedia.org