course material

1. LUBS3966 Managing Global Value Chains
Answer
Cultural And Social Factors In International Marketing – Think Global, Act Local?
Literature Review
"Think globally, act locally," as the saying goes. Identify and critically evaluate the relative
value of standardization and adaptability for a multinational hospitality organization. Take
into account the micro-also macro-environments and the influence that these may have on
the produce. Features of culture also consumer behavior should be considered. In the
business world, global marketing remains described as the procedure of selling also
designing items on a global measure. It encompasses planning, production, and promotion
of the company's products in the global market, among other activities (Powers, 2017).
Numerous multinational corporations (MNCs) employ the "Think globally, act locally"
advertising strategy, which entails adopting a global viewpoint while coordinating efforts
toward meeting goals also objectives.
The challenges of competing in a worldwide market are distinct from those of competing for
confidentiality and the limitations of an interior market in several ways. Hotel
implementation in new markets is frequently characterized by standardization and
adaptability. Standards are a set of arrangements that all possible financiers in a particular
industry or company must follow to ensure that all processes associated with production or
the distribution of a facility are supported in agreement with predefined criteria
(Rayna,2019). As the term implies, adaptation is the act of modifying a current product to
satisfy the requirements of different customers or markets. Regularization has developed a
prominent slogan in the field of worldwide marketing. The proponents of the
"international" standardization concept argued that globalization was having a dominant
effect on the hospitality industry and that global hotels or products needed to take
advantage of the airstream of globalization’s affluence through accepting a centralized
advertising approach to competing (Mohammed, Sardan, Handaru and Kaharuddin, 2017).
There are several advantages to using standardization as a brand marketing approach,
making it a particularly appealing technique for global firms. For example, some of the
advantages cited by opponents of the standardization advertising plan include economies of
scale in industrialized and delivery and advertising. Other advantages include unified

2. branding, brand building and management, expense and cost savings, improved customer
behavior, good charge, and also on (Baca, 2020). Though, because of the numerous
obstacles that stand in the way of its implementation, including government also trade
restrictions, differences in consumer wellbeing also, reaction designs, the nature of the
marketplace scenario, also economic circumstances, standardization by way of marketing
policy may not even achieve its intended results (Poradova, 2020). Hilton and other large
multinational corporations adhere to strict standards, making their hotels more
trustworthy. In a similar vein, the same firms conduct branding and advertising for their
products and services.
Adaptation marketing strategy is concerned with customizing and adapting marketing
efforts to meet the "essential qualities" of individual markets worldwide. Some academics
have advocated for the implementation of an "adaptation" policy. According to opponents,
certain advantages of the adaption promotion method comprise simple public receipt,
familiarity of the local needs also markets, faster localized occupational growth, also
stronger resident gratified, amongst other things (Rosenbloom, 2017). Single of the greatest
compelling arguments in favor of editions is that they are tailored to meet the specific
demands also expectations of various markets and the rules, customs, and customer
characteristics of those markets. An external firm would increase an edge by tailoring its
publicizing efforts to meet individual consumers' specific demands and preferences since it
will be able to rapidly balance localized industry needs and preferences (Makarova and
Pasko, 2020). The adaption of a multinational corporation will permit it to fight easily also
strongly with local competitors while the product image remains still acquiring traction in
the resident market.
Because organization and administration are absent from marketing actions across
geographical boundaries, it is problematic to hand over experience and know-how
produced in a single country or world economy to another. Starbucks, for instance, employs
licensing as a low-regulator way to expand into other markets, which is an example of
adaptation. Because it is less expensive, it is more easily integrated into Starbucks'
ambitious growth strategy. With licensing, Starbucks can adapt to changing market
conditions, such as changing consumer tastes, more competition in the market, and new
government rules.
Introduction
Globalization, combined with extra reasons, for example, technological improvement also
the increasing importance of the internet, has had a significant and irreversible impact on
the way industries are conducted. Currently, any firm with a unique product otherwise
service, correct price, and an efficient marketing policy has the possibility of leading its
marketplace globally, hiring hundreds of thousands of persons, and earning yearly revenues
that are measured in tens of billions of dollars. For one thing, not at all country or
organization can cut itself tainted from others anymore (Beck, 2020) when it comes to their

3. financial operations in general also their exports to the country in specific. However,
because of cultural and other peculiarities connected with each specific market, applying a
similar technique in other areas about pricing, advertising, packaging, and other product
features may not be successful.
An examination of the strategy of "Think Globally, Act Locally" also the necessity aimed at
international companies to tailor their operations to the specific features of every single
marketplace and how they operate. The issues connected to the need aimed at multinational
enterprises towards adapting to local marketplaces are then discussed at great length,
drawing on the study and practice of international business experts and practitioners. The
paper also includes recommendations on how international corporations already function
in multiple marketplaces and companies dealing locally but, through plans to expand on a
worldwide scale, can attain fruitful operations crossways borders also continents over their
local marketplaces, thereby more efficiently appealing to consumers from their home
countries.
Because both edition and standardization have advantages and difficulties, it is most
advantageous to utilize both advertising methods under market conditions also consumer
behavior (Sheth, 2019). It is critical to conduct thorough research of the market
environment before designing any marketing plan. The microenvironment can be defined as
the ambiance intimately associated with a hotel and directly impacts the company's
performance. The supply chain, limited rivalry, and service providers are all part of the
microenvironment (Martikainen, 2018). The macro-environment remains often regarded as
a gathering of diverse marketplace conditions that remain outside the hotel governor.
The consequences of these elements might be long-lasting, and they have the potential to
transform the entire sector (Zhang and Joglekar, 2017). The macro-environment continually
changes, posing new challenges and risks to the manufacturing business. It is made up of
various factors such as pandemics, political situations, geopolitical conflicts, and so on.
These are outside the control of the hotels' management. The analysis of the surrounding
environment is critical in preparing a successful marketing strategy for any hotel firm.
PESTEL remains a tool used towards examine many factors that have an influence on the
market, either directly or indirectly. In the political also legal realm, the law and
administration agencies that create and implement legislation are examples of elements to
consider. Every organization should adhere to the rules and regulations of the region in
which it operates. Also, legislation directly influences the marketplace environment, and
political steadiness remains advantageous for any firm that is tied to tourism.
Economic subjects, for example, service prices, interchange rates, the current economic
condition, and so on, directly influence the welcome business, while political deliberations
do. Establishing a healthy balance between the hotel expansion and the surrounding natural
environment is essential. The raw materials used in the hotel and the environmental
conditions should be balanced with intelligent management (Stavins, 2020). The

4. government has tight laws in place regarding averment, which impacts operating costs and
necessitates further training for the employees. Because of the rapid changes in social
culture, it is quite beneficial to keep up with the current trends. The demand for private
accommodations results in a larger consumer base for the hospitality business. The type of
produce or service desired is determined through social and cultural considerations, and
operations remain structured so that they meet the needs of all consumers. The importance
of technology in any country's economy cannot be overstated. The evolution of technology
brings new opportunities for the worldwide market to benefit from them. The tourism
business benefits from various ways, for example third-party app hooting. The PESTEL
investigation delivers general picture of the obstacles also opportunities that occur in a
particular marketplace, and it is from this, that a marketing strategy is developed.
The kindness business is heavily dependent on the purchasing power of its customers. To
grow a marketing policy, it remains critical to analyze cultural also consumer behaviors.
Cultural construction is the process through which individuals within a society understand
and construct their reality. Culture is well-defined as the approach how things remain done
in specific society, group . In additional terms, it remains a grace of life or the method in
which individuals interact with their environment. As evidenced by the previous definitions,
culture is important to the functioning of modern civilization. Consumption behavior is the
study of an individual or group of people's motivations for purchasing or employing a
specific product or service. The examination involves the clarification of the consumer's
desire, the consumer's economic condition, the manner of payment, also the completion of
the procedure (Clarke, 2021). The ability to comprehend consumer behavior is very vital in
the hotel industry.
Consumer behavior directly impacts the decision to choose a hotel in the hospitality
business. Understanding the elements that influence consumer behavior in a certain region
is essential for learning about that region's consumer behavior. Responses may also be an
effective technique to learn more about who and how consumers make decisions. Through a
control mechanism, the organization will receive direct advice, and the vast majority of
these proposals will reflect the actual thoughts of the consumers themselves. To better
address the needs of its customers, the company will benefit from this partnership.
Additionally, one of their top responsibilities is building and maintaining satisfied
customers while increasing hotel sales. However, if a firm is to thrive and expand,
management must be able to anticipate and meet the needs of its customers and employees.
The macroclimate tends to change (Innes, 2020). For example, suppose a hotel needs to
undefended a second position in a specific location. In that case, the organization team need
consider the local community's preferences, the community's income level, and the
availability of food and nutrition. However, the customer's knowledge of all of this is
dependent on their own experience (Khajeh Nobar and Rostamzadeh, 2018). Marketers are
still involved in cultural transformation and are on the lookout for new items and services
that tourists are interested in.

5. The lifestyles of different social classes determine the contact with the community. Each
group performs by its expectations. Words, attire, and events all have a significant cultural
impact. They are affected by environmental, socio-economic, and psychological factors that
influence their spending. They are unable to regulate the economy in the majority of cases.
The consumer's preferences and expectations must be recognized, and they must be
founded on social and economic conditions that are acceptable to the consumer.
To better understand the content of the study, the fundamental causes of globalization must
be briefly recalled. The powers of globalization have remained evolving for a long period,
but they have one recently accelerated, and the reasons for globalization discussed below
are only from that period. Harmonization of prices and interest rates among countries is
vital for developing international trade, which is regarded as one of major teamsters of
globalization. Additional causes include rapid technological progressions, particularly in
info technology, which has reduced the significance of borders between countries, fostering
commercial and other collaboration.
Exporting products and services globally has become advantageous for enterprises,
particularly large multinational organizations, and has become one of the defining elements
of contemporary society for a global audience (Scholte 2020,). Because "national economies,
with some exceptions, are now much more deeply enmeshed in global systems of
production and exchange than in previous historical eras" has increased.
However, competing in a global market differs from competing within a single market in
several respects. Local peculiarities in each market generate advantages and disadvantages
for enterprises entering new markets. Local resource prices are cheap, and the new markets
are strategically located. Companies can now distribute manufacturing over smaller
national sites with a low-cost penalty to attain minimum efficient size. Companies may meet
local customer demands and nationwide political restraints lacking sacrificing economic
efficacy (Bartlett, 2022,). The drawbacks include variances in the local culture which shape
potential customers' choices, behavior, and perception of produce or service price. If a
company wants to succeed in a foreign market, it must manage these distinctions
appropriately. The "Think Globally, Act Locally," some multinational companies use strategy
to formulate corporation vision, long-period goals, also objectives and devise effective
policies to attain these goals also objectives. Still, adaptations remain made in all market
according to the culture also specifics of that marketplace.
Location an international vision for a firm is serious because it helps achieve the main goal
of maximizing profits through expanding marketplaces across countries also continents. A
multinational company's international vision strategy ensures not have to remain strict
because dissimilar markets have distinct political systems, religions, cultures, and living
standards that impact consumer behavior, expectations, and other factors. Multinational
companies cannot accommodate local differences of the above nature, leading to customer

6. confusion, even anger in risky cases, also ultimately to market failure. Increasingly,
multinational and average-sized businesses remain adopting the “Think Globally, Act
Locally” policy, which permits them to plan concentrated foreign marketplace entry plans
while also satisfying local consumers in each marketplace they operate.
Conclusion
Many multinational also medium-sized businesses worldwide are currently taking
advantage of globalization to their advantage. But the degree to which those benefits are
being utilized efficiently differs amongst organizations depending on various factors,
including the extent to which companies can adjust their operations to accommodate
regional differences. To be successful in international expansion, exact of the greatest
successful corporations in various businesses have adopted the "Think Globally, Act
Locally" philosophy, which states have a global viewpoint and tactics while likewise
responding to also adapting towards local alterations the best plan a company can adopt.
Successful execution of this policy has resulted in global achievement and marketplace
leadership aimed at organizations for example Aldi, Tesco, McDonald's, Nokia, also a host of
other businesses.
Companies encounter several difficulties when applying the "Think Global, Act Local"
philosophy. The most significant problems are misunderstandings based on cultural
differences, a lack of sufficient expertise in management involved in the company's
international operations, and changing client needs in foreign markets. The
recommendations made to address these issues include implementing training and
development programs that are geared toward increasing the level of cross-cultural
awareness among the workforce engaged in international operations, hiring a larger
number of employees, including those in management positions, to gain a thorough
understanding of the characteristics of the local marketplace, and taking a proactive
approach in dealing with changing customer needs.
Because of the requirement to stick to the specific word restriction imposed for the entire
job, this paper is merely an initial examination of the topic and lacks in-depth investigation.
Because of this, the execution of the "Think Global, Act Local" method is examined without
considering any extra aspects that may be relevant in some circumstances. Consequently,
before putting the advice presented in this article into action, each organization should do a
variety of additional studies, such as internal and external factors affecting the company, its
financial status, and its core skills, among other things.
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