Prohibition Documents Directions: Answer each of the guiding questions based on the document it is associated with for Documents A, B, and C.  Each answer should be 2-3 sentences in length with the information coming from the associated source. NOTE: There is no overall question. Document A: The 18th Amendment (Modified) Context: The US Senate passed the 18th Amendment on December 18, 1917. It was ratified on January 16, 1919, after 36 states approved it. The 18th Amendment, and the enforcement laws accompanying it, established Prohibition of alcohol in the United States. Several states already had Prohibition laws before this amendment. It was eventually repealed by the 21st Amendment on December 5, 1933. It is the only amendment that has ever been completely repealed. Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation or exportation of intoxicating liquors in the United States and all its territory is hereby prohibited. Section 2. The Congress and the States shall both have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 3. This article shall have no power unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission to the States by the Congress. Source: United States Constitution Vocabulary · To ratify—to confirm or pass something, such as an amendment Intoxicating liquors—alcohol · Article—a section or item in a written document. Until enough states ratified this amendment, it was known as an article. Questions 1. What is your first reaction to the 18th amendment? 2.  Why would both Congress and the state have the power to enforce the 18th Amendment? Document B: Prohibition and Health (Modified) Alcohol poisons and kills; Abstinence and Prohibition save lives and safeguard health. Dr. S.S. Goldwater, formerly Health Commissioner of New York City, stated the decision of science, the final opinion of our nation after a hundred years of education upon the subject of alcohol. “It is believed that less consumption of alcohol by the community would mean less tuberculosis, less poverty, less dependency, less pressure on our hospitals, asylums and jails.” “Alcohol hurts the tone of the muscles and lessens the product of laborers; it worsens the skill and endurance of artists; it hurts memory, increases industrial accidents, causes diseases of the heart, liver, stomach and kidney, increases the death rate from pneumonia and lessens the body’s natural immunity to disease.” Justice Harlan speaking for the United States Supreme Court, said: “We cannot shut out of view the fact that public health and public safety may be harmed by the general use of alcohol.” Source: Statement read at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the National Temperance Council, Washington D.C., September 20, 1920. The National Temperance Council was created ...

1. Prohibition Documents
Directions: Answer each of the guiding questions based on the
document it is associated with for Documents A, B, and C.
Each answer should be 2-3 sentences in length with the
information coming from the associated source. NOTE: There is
no overall question.
Document A: The 18th Amendment (Modified)
Context: The US Senate passed the 18th Amendment on
December 18, 1917. It was ratified on January 16, 1919, after
36 states approved it. The 18th Amendment, and the
enforcement laws accompanying it, established Prohibition of
alcohol in the United States. Several states already had
Prohibition laws before this amendment. It was eventually
repealed by the 21st Amendment on December 5, 1933. It is the
only amendment that has ever been completely repealed.
Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the
manufacture, sale, transportation, importation or exportation of
intoxicating liquors in the United States and all its territory is
hereby prohibited.
Section 2. The Congress and the States shall both have power to
enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3. This article shall have no power unless it shall have
been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the
legislatures of the States, as provided in the Constitution,
within seven years from the date of the submission to the States
by the Congress.

2. Source: United States Constitution
Vocabulary
· To ratify—to confirm or pass something, such as an
amendment
Intoxicating liquors—alcohol
· Article—a section or item in a written document. Until enough
states ratified this
amendment, it was known as an article.
Questions
1. What is your first reaction to the 18th amendment?
2. Why would both Congress and the state have the power to
enforce the 18th Amendment?
Document B: Prohibition and Health (Modified)
Alcohol poisons and kills; Abstinence and Prohibition save
lives and safeguard health.
Dr. S.S. Goldwater, formerly Health Commissioner of New
York City, stated the decision of science, the final opinion of
our nation after a hundred years of education upon the subject
of alcohol.
“It is believed that less consumption of alcohol by the
community would mean less tuberculosis, less poverty, less
dependency, less pressure on our hospitals, asylums and jails.”
“Alcohol hurts the tone of the muscles and lessens the product
of laborers; it worsens the skill and endurance of artists; it hurts
memory, increases industrial accidents, causes diseases of the
heart, liver, stomach and kidney, increases the death rate from
pneumonia and lessens the body’s natural immunity to disease.”

3. Justice Harlan speaking for the United States Supreme Court,
said:
“We cannot shut out of view the fact that public health and
public safety may be harmed by the general use of alcohol.”
Source: Statement read at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the
National
Temperance Council, Washington D.C., September 20, 1920.
The National
Temperance Council was created in 1913 to work for
Prohibition.
Vocabulary
· Abstinence: Stopping yourself from doing something (e.g.,
drinking)
· Consumption: eating or drinking
Guiding Questions
1. Do you think this amendment could be passed today? Why or
why not?
2. Why do you think some Americans in 1918 might have
wanted this amendment?
Document C: Advertisement
Guiding Questions
1. What stands out to you in this ad?
2. What influential strategies do they try in the advertisement?
3. How does the ad connect children and alcohol?
The following are glossary terms with which you need to
become familiar and to utilize within your work this week. You

4. do not need to utilize them all; however, you need to utilize at
least three of these terms per assignment response. Please note
that some terms are carried over from previous weeks as they
apply. Still, you should review all terms each week.
· Analytic Cubism
. The first phase of Cubism, developed jointly by Pablo Picasso
and Georges Braque, in which the artists analyzed form from
every possible vantage point to combine the various views into
one pictorial whole.
· Art Deco
. Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and
1930s sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with
"fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns
that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by
streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.
· Avant-garde
. French, "advance guard" (in a platoon). Late-19th- and 20th-
century artists who emphasized innovation and challenged
established convention in their work. Also used as an adjective.
· Bauhaus
. A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the
aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art,
architecture, and design.
· Collage
. A composition made by combining on a flat surface various
materials, such as newspaper, wallpaper, printed text and
illustrations, photographs, and cloth.
· Constructivism
. An early-20th-century Russian art movement formulated by
Naum Gabo, who built up his sculptures piece by piece in space
instead of carving or modeling them. In this way the sculptor
worked with "volume of mass" and "volume of space" as
different materials.
· Cubism
. An early-20th-century art movement that rejected naturalistic
depictions, preferring compositions of shapes and forms

5. abstracted from the conventionally perceived world. See also
Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism.
· Dada
. An early-20th-century art movement prompted by a revulsion
against the horror of World War I. Dada embraced political
anarchy, the irrational, and the intuitive. A disdain for
convention, often enlivened by humor or whimsy, is
characteristic of the art the Dadaists produced.
· De Stijl
. Dutch, "the style." An early-20th-century art movement (and
magazine), founded by Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg,
whose members promoted utopian ideals and developed a
simplified geometric style.
· Der Blaue Reiter
. German, "the blue rider." An early-20th-century German
Expressionist art movement founded by Vassily Kandinsky and
Franz Marc. The artists selected the whimsical name because of
their mutual interest in the color blue and horses.
· Die Brücke
. German, "the bridge." An early-20th-century German
Expressionist art movement under the leadership of Ernst
Ludwig Kirchner. The group thought of itself as the bridge
between the old age and the new.
· Expressionism (adj. Expressionist)
. Twentieth-century art that is the result of the artist's unique
inner or personal vision and that often has an emotional
dimension. Expressionism contrasts with art focused on visually
describing the empirical world.
· Fauves
. French, "wild beasts." See Fauvism.
· Fauvism
. An early-20th-century art movement led by Henri Matisse. For
the Fauves, color became the formal element most responsible
for pictorial coherence and the primary conveyor of meaning.
· Futurism
. An early-20th-century Italian art movement that championed

6. war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed and
dynamism of modern technology.
· Naturalistic Surrealism
. A successor to Dada, Surrealism incorporated the
improvisational nature of its predecessor into its exploration of
the ways to express in art the world of dreams and the
unconscious. Biomorphic Surrealists, such as Joan Miró,
produced largely abstract compositions. Naturalistic Surrealists,
notably Salvador Dalí, presented recognizable scenes
transformed into a dream or nightmare image.
· Neoplasticism
. The Dutch artist Piet Mondrian's theory of "pure plastic art,"
an ideal balance between the universal and the individual using
an abstract formal vocabulary.
· Photomontage
. A composition made by pasting together pictures or parts of
pictures, especially photographs. See also collage.
· Primitivism
. The incorporation in early-20th-century Western art of
stylistic elements from the artifacts of Africa, Oceania, and the
native peoples of the Americas.
· Regionalism
. A 20th-century American art movement that portrayed
American rural life in a clearly readable, realist style. Major
Regionalists include Grant Wood and Thomas Hart Benton.
· Surrealism
. A successor to Dada, Surrealism incorporated the
improvisational nature of its predecessor into its exploration of
the ways to express in art the world of dreams and the
unconscious. Biomorphic Surrealists, such as Joan Miró,
produced largely abstract compositions. Naturalistic Surrealists,
notably Salvador Dalí, presented recognizable scenes
transformed into a dream or nightmare image.
· Synthetic Cubism
. A later phase of Cubism, in which paintings and drawings
were constructed from objects and shapes cut from paper or

7. other materials to represent parts of a subject, in order to
engage the viewer with pictorial issues, such as figuration,
realism, and abstraction.
· Trompe l'oeil
. French, "fools the eye." A form of illusionistic painting that
aims to deceive viewers into believing that they are seeing real
objects rather than a representation of those objects
For the midterm this week, questions below and answer them in
essay format. You should reference your textbook to help you in
answering these questions (look to chapters 28 and 29). Each of
your responses should be a minimum of 300 words in length,
include a minimum of three key terms from the course so far,
and any outside references used must be cited.
1. Describe the impact the Armory Show (1913) had on the
American art scene. Use examples to support your essay.
2. Describe Pablo Picasso’s Demoiselles d’Avignon. How did
this work re-shape the art of the early twentieth century?
Include in your discussion the influences coming from Primitive
art. Use examples to support your essay.