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- 1. Please read the 4 articles(check the link)and write 2-page paper with your insights. Key themes should be strategic marketing, product lifecycle/pricing strategy, digital marketing and brand marketing. Strategic marketing https://smallbusiness.chron.com/describe-marketing-strategy- 11678.html Product lifecycle and pricing https://blog.pricebeam.com/life-cycle-pricing-capturing-value- throughout-the-plc Digital marketing https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/what- is-digital-marketing/ Brand marketing https://www.disruptiveadvertising.com/marketing/brand- marketing/ Wealth Income & Poverty
- 2. Wealth, Income, & Poverty IRS: Estate Tax Data rather than household collection. home equity, pensions, defined contribution plans, social security, etc.. distribution. on, a broader measure (total wealth) is appropriate. (e.g. stocks and bonds) is
- 3. appropriate. . median $189,000 $24,000 http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/scf/scfindex.htm http://www.irs.gov/uac/SOI-Tax-Stats-Personal-Wealth- Statistics http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/ Wealth, Income, & Poverty of households made over $225,251 and the top 20% over $121,018. gested that half of Americans believe $150,000 annual income or 1 million in net worth would make them “Rich”. feel “Rich”.
- 4. s low relative mobility, why? poor. (e.g. raising children in single-parent households). distribution requiring a greater absolute dollar raise to elevate one to a higher percentile. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/income- poverty/p60-259.html http://www.gallup.com/poll/151427/Americans-Set-Rich- Threshold-150-000-Annual-Income.aspx Wealth, Income, & Poverty --FRED: Real GDP Growth Per Capita --FRED: Full-Time Median Real Earnings barely changed. --FRED: Real Median Household Income --FRED: Real Median Family Income
- 5. -family households, distorting “typical” incomes of households. count for decline in average family size (3.0 in 1973 to 2.5 in 2010) suggesting family members may be better off with fewer members for a particular income. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/A939RX0Q048SBEA https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LES1252881600Q https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSA672N https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEFAINUSA672N https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/time- series/demo/households-historical-time-series.html Wealth, Income, & Poverty s--Current Population Survey —FRED: Poverty Count —FRED: Poverty Rate (adjusted only for inflation). n the 1960s and has generally leveled off since.
- 6. was one-quarter. -half standard was maintained, the poverty rate would have increased since 1965. -cash government programs (e.g. food stamps, school meals, housing subsidies, and medical care). -third. analyzing senior citizen poverty). 2011) -kind benefits and deducts taxes, child support paid, alimony, and work expenses. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publication s/2017/demo/P60-259.pdf https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PEAAUS00000A647NCEN https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PPAAUS00000A156NCEN https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publication s/2018/demo/p60-265.pdf Labor Statistics t and Unemployment
- 7. -Time” and “Discouraged Workers” -to-month fluctuations (sampling error of 0.12%) racteristic data on the population. -to-month fluctuations. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.a.htm http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.b.htm Labor Statistics wage increase did not adversely impact jobs. yroll records, suggested the opposite.
- 8. -wage workers (wage compression) n effects -1973 data came from direct union reports -1973 data comes from a BLS survey. e questionnaire wording was changes from “union” to “union or employee association similar to a union”, increasing union affiliation. government reports. ss than 1000 workers http://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm http://www.bls.gov/news.release/wkstp.nr0.htm
- 9. Labor Statistics injuries had dropped to the lowest level since recorded in 1992 (has increased slightly since). http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cfoi.nr0.htm The National Economy National Economy Issues
- 10. extrapolation to complete data set. ompare employed people exceeding the number of jobs in the economy. reported production. reported production. http://www.bea.gov/ https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional- economist/january-2015/underground-economy#table National Economy Issues virtue or aesthetic
- 11. qualities of production. crime, loss of leisure time, public infrastructure, volunteer activities, and housework. urchasing Power Parity (PPP) values for the amount of goods a given unit of currency can buy. (IMF 2017). China is ≈ 120% the size of the U.S. (IMF 2017). capita income in China would have been $279, an unsustainably low figure. living than overall GDP.
- 12. https://knoema.com/nwnfkne/world-gdp-ranking-2017-gdp-by- country-data-and-charts https://tradingeconomics.com/country-list/gdp-growth-rate https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html National Economy Issues ccurately reflects where production takes place. -home work may overestimate productivity.
- 13. changes in productivity. http://data.imf.org/?sk=388DFA60-1D26-4ADE-B505- A05A558D9A42 http://www.bls.gov/lpc/ National Economy Issues consumer expenditures. stment → Capital Formation → Economic Growth
- 14. (e.g. business retained earnings and foreign savings) measure actual investment which would be closer to 20% of GDP. 25% https://www.conference-board.org/data/consumerconfidence.cfm http://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/ https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/PSAVERT http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/pinewsrelease.htm Government Government Statistics
- 15. http://www.usdebtclock.org/ https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/BASE https://www.cbo.gov/about/overview https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/ https://www.treasury.gov/Pages/default.aspx Government Statistics Government Research Issues -budget items can create discrepancies (USPS and GSEs) necessitates spending inverse to the business cycle. -governmental (SSA & FED) Government Statistics Government Research Issues
- 16. employer may pass burden onto employee in the form of a lower wage. cise taxes are imposed on businesses but they may be able to pass onto consumers in the form of higher prices. (or evade) taxes. Government Statistics Government Research Issues uring Money I monthly. -U vs. CPI-W
- 17. https://www.bls.gov/cpi/ Government Statistics Government Research Issues sts. -benefit of war requires counter-factual computations that are highly unreliable. -kind benefits such as health care, overstating
- 18. actual money received by recipients. Business Statistics Business Statistics poration in the U.S. -through production. industry. be estimated.
- 19. asset valuations. less sales, assets, or market value. http://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/ http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/filtered?sortBy=employees&f irst500 Business Statistics -trust Legislation “monopolizing” and/or “substantially lessening competition” top 4-8 firms.
- 20. when evaluating mergers. -trust investigation. fail within 5 years. s not include firms without employees (derives from unemployment insurance records). -barrier industries that stop and start frequently. ng profits look lower. denominator. but yield to shareholders is closer to 4%. https://www.ftc.gov/ http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/
- 21. https://www.bls.gov/bdm/entrepreneurship/entrepreneurship.htm Business Statistics by price and representing ≈ 25% of the market. arket cap representing ≈ 80% of the market. weighted by market cap. may not be as widely utilized (i.e. Wilshire 5000) ing the Stock Market -Random Walk Theory. -Throwing Contest 39. .
- 22. stayed in the top quarter of funds between 2001-2006. regularly beat the market. Warren Buffet and Peter Lynch? https://finance.yahoo.com/ Data Analysis Project 3 For this project you will demonstrate competency in researching economics; that is, creatively designing a research question, locating pertinent and credible data to support an answer, and presenting results in a professional and articulate manner. Furthermore, you will also be applying fundamental statistical and regression concepts to your data sets to more quantitively answer your research questions. Follow these steps to complete the project: 1. Using the data covered in the National Economy, Wealth Income and Poverty, Business Statistics, Labor Statistics, and Government, generate five research questions to study (one from each category). For this project use causal type phrasing (e.g. “Higher taxes cause lower GDP”, “Increased worker productivity increases savings”, etc.). 2. Excel File: A. For three of the five research questions create an Excel sheet with your data set, one graph and the statistical metrics listed below. Compile all the statistical metrics below and use a different type of graph for each question. All statistical metrics and graphs are to be calculated/generated in Excel using the functions reviewed in class.
- 23. · Mean (weighted, arithmetic, or geometric) · Median · Sample Variance · Standard Deviation · Coefficient of Variation · Range · Percentiles · Quintiles · Skewness B. SINGLE-VARIABLE REGRESSION: For one of the five research questions create an Excel sheet with your data set, one scatterplot graph, and the analysis output. Furthermore: · Make sure n ≥ 30 (that is you should have at least 30 data points that correlate across time or space) · Add the R-squared and trendline to the scatterplot; use the functional form with the highest R-squared. · Use Excel’s Data Analysis TookPak regression function to run a single-variable regression and generate the Analysis Output. C. MULTIPLE-VARIABLE REGRESSION: For one of the five research questions create an Excel sheet with your data set and the analysis output. Furthermore: · Make sure n ≥ 30 (that is you should have at least 30 data points that correlate across time or space) · Use at least six independent variables. Remember, all your independent variables should be believed to influence the dependent variable. · Use Excel’s Data Analysis TookPak regression function to run a multiple-variable regression and generate the Analysis Output. 3. PowerPoint Presentation: For each research question (five total), create at least one PowerPoint slide illustrating the pertinent graphs, statistical metrics, regression results, bullet points (up to 3 and optional), and hyperlinks to your data source website (make sure the links work). The PowerPoint should also contain an introduction slide (e.g. name, project #, and class).
- 24. For the regressions add at least one slide answering each of the following: · What is the regression R-Squared and what does it mean regarding your data? · What are the statistically significant coefficients and how did you conclude they were statistically significant? · What are the statistically insignificant coefficients and how did you conclude they were insignificant? · Interpret each statistically significant coefficient to determine how your dependent and independent variables are correlated; that is, for a change in each independent variable how does this impact the dependent variable. Make sure you use the proper denominations (e.g. each square foot added to a home increases the home price by $123). If no statistically significant results are found, then you are to do the same thing but indicate that the results cannot be relied upon. 4. Submission: Upload the Excel and PowerPoint file into the link provided in Blackboard by the due date (no e-mailed copies). 5. Grading: Project grade is weighted 50/50 for Excel/PowerPoint; however, both must be submitted to receive a score. Excel graphs must be derived from the data input in Excel. The PowerPoint is graded subjectively as a presentation to your fellow classmates so cosmetics, spelling, character size, color, creativity all matter. 6. Academic Integrity: Do not copy graphs from websites nor replicate another student’s work.