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Before we begin today’s lesson let’s review air pressure:
Let’s also review the angle of attack:
http://www.yesmag.ca/focus/flight/flight_science.html
HOW DO WE CONTROL FLIGHT?
•Some of you have asked me how we actually control an airplane
•To understand that we first need to go back and understand how
a bird controls its flight
•Why would we do that?
Because early scientists looked to birds to understand flight
•So let’s take a look at birds and other living things to understand
how they fly:
HOW DO BIRDS GET IN THE AIR?
http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/Images/wing_diagram.gif
•Speed is the most important part in making lift.
•Speed can be greater by increasing the forward speed of the wing itself as it travels
through the air.
•If you double the speed, the bird gets 4 times the lift. If the bird triples the speed it will
get 9 times the lift.
•The bird makes its speed by flapping its wings.
http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/intermediate/birds-01.html
MEET THE FASTEST BIRD IN THE WORLD
•Can anyone name it?
peregrine falcon
•It flies at 100 mph in level flight.
•When it folds its wings against its body, the falcon can
dive at 200 mph.
http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/intermediate/birds-01.html
HOW DO BIRDS STEER?
•Birds "bank" as they turn.
•They tilt one wing higher than the other.
•Banking holds the underside of the wings.
•
•Another way the bird turns is to beat one wing a little faster than
the other.
http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/intermediate/birds-01.html
HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER?
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER?
•The ailerons raise and lower the wings.
•The pilot controls the roll of the plane by raising one aileron or the other with a control
wheel.
•Turning the control wheel clockwise raises the right aileron and lowers the left aileron,
which rolls the aircraft to the right.
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER?
•The rudder works to control the yaw of the plane.
•The pilot moves rudder left and right, with left and right pedals.
•Pressing the right rudder pedal moves the rudder to the right.
•This yaws the aircraft to the right. Used together, the rudder and the ailerons are used
to turn the plane.
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER?
•The elevators which are on the tail section are used to control the pitch of the plane.
•A pilot uses a control wheel to raise and lower the elevators, by moving it forward to
back ward.
•Lowering the elevators makes the plane nose go down and allows the plane to go
down.
•By raising the elevators the pilot can make the plane go up.
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
BREAKING THE SPEED OF SOUND
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
• Sound is made up of molecules of air that move.
• They push together and gather together to form sound waves.
•Sound waves travel at the speed of about 750 mph at sea level.
•When a plane travels the speed of sound the air waves gather together and compress
the air in front of the plane to keep it from moving forward.
•This compression causes a shockwave to form in front of the plane.

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(Lesson 4) controlling flight

  • 1. Before we begin today’s lesson let’s review air pressure: Let’s also review the angle of attack: http://www.yesmag.ca/focus/flight/flight_science.html
  • 2. HOW DO WE CONTROL FLIGHT? •Some of you have asked me how we actually control an airplane •To understand that we first need to go back and understand how a bird controls its flight •Why would we do that? Because early scientists looked to birds to understand flight •So let’s take a look at birds and other living things to understand how they fly:
  • 3. HOW DO BIRDS GET IN THE AIR? http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/Images/wing_diagram.gif •Speed is the most important part in making lift. •Speed can be greater by increasing the forward speed of the wing itself as it travels through the air. •If you double the speed, the bird gets 4 times the lift. If the bird triples the speed it will get 9 times the lift. •The bird makes its speed by flapping its wings. http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/intermediate/birds-01.html
  • 4. MEET THE FASTEST BIRD IN THE WORLD •Can anyone name it? peregrine falcon •It flies at 100 mph in level flight. •When it folds its wings against its body, the falcon can dive at 200 mph. http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/intermediate/birds-01.html
  • 5. HOW DO BIRDS STEER? •Birds "bank" as they turn. •They tilt one wing higher than the other. •Banking holds the underside of the wings. • •Another way the bird turns is to beat one wing a little faster than the other. http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Animals/intermediate/birds-01.html
  • 6. HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER? http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
  • 7. HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER? •The ailerons raise and lower the wings. •The pilot controls the roll of the plane by raising one aileron or the other with a control wheel. •Turning the control wheel clockwise raises the right aileron and lowers the left aileron, which rolls the aircraft to the right. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
  • 8. HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER? •The rudder works to control the yaw of the plane. •The pilot moves rudder left and right, with left and right pedals. •Pressing the right rudder pedal moves the rudder to the right. •This yaws the aircraft to the right. Used together, the rudder and the ailerons are used to turn the plane. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
  • 9. HOW DO AIRPLANES STEER? •The elevators which are on the tail section are used to control the pitch of the plane. •A pilot uses a control wheel to raise and lower the elevators, by moving it forward to back ward. •Lowering the elevators makes the plane nose go down and allows the plane to go down. •By raising the elevators the pilot can make the plane go up. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
  • 10. BREAKING THE SPEED OF SOUND http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html • Sound is made up of molecules of air that move. • They push together and gather together to form sound waves. •Sound waves travel at the speed of about 750 mph at sea level. •When a plane travels the speed of sound the air waves gather together and compress the air in front of the plane to keep it from moving forward. •This compression causes a shockwave to form in front of the plane.