Introduction_to_Power_Electronics

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EEE 338
POWER ELECTRONICS
INTRODUCTION TO POWER
ELECTRONICS
SHAH ZAMAN

2. POWER ELECTRONICS
1. Mohan, Ned, Tore Undeland, and William
Robbins. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications,
and Design. 2nd ed.
2. Rashid, Muhammad H. Power Electronics and Electric
Power. 2nd ed.
3. Kassakian, John G., Martin F. Schlecht, and George C.
Verghese. Principles of Power Electronics.

3. Relation with multiple disciplines
Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power
engineering.
Power
electronics
electroni
cs
electr
Electric
machines
Circuit Ct
theory
Systems&
Control theory
Control
theory
Signal
processing
Simulation &
computing
electronics
Solid state
physics
Electromagnetics
Power
systems

4. The interdisciplinary nature
Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.
Power
Electronics
学
Electronics Power
学
Control
Continuous,
discrete
连续、离
散
Static & rotating
power equipment
Devices,circuits

5. POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
 As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated
circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become
wider.
 The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall
generally into four categories :
AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier)
DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper)
AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator)
DC to AC Converter (Inverter)
 The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the
power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are
generated by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper
choice of the control strategy.

6. Power Electronics Application
 Power Electronics defined as the application of solid-
state (devices) electronics for the control and
conversion of electric power.
 Power electronics have already found an important
place in modern technology and are now used in a
great variety of high-power product, including heat
controls, light controls, electric motor control, power
supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems.

7. 1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode)
2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors)
3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT,
MOSFET, GTO, IGBT)
4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)
5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO)
6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC)
7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET,
IGBT)
POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING
DEVICES

8. The history
Mercury arc rectifier
Vacuum- tube rectifier
Thyratron
Invention of
Thyristor
Applicat ion of
fast- switching
fully- controlled
semiconductor
devices
Power diode
Thyristor
GTO
GTR
Power MOSFET
Thyristor
(microprocessor)
IGBT
Power MOSFET
Thyristor
(DSP)
Pre-history 1st phase 2nd phase 3rd phase
1957
1900 late 1980s
mid 1970s

9. Diagram Block of Converters

10. Power electronic system
Generic structure of a power electronic system
Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its
controller including the corresponding measurement and interface
circuits, is also called power electronic system.
Power
Converter
Control input
Controller
Reference
Power
input
Power
output
Feedback
(measurements
of output signals )
Feedforward
( measurements
of input signals )

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Control Center
Micro-Turbine
 Hospital
 Commercial
Building
Fuel Cell
 Smart House
 Performance
Building
Combined Heat and Power
Plant (CHP)
Factory
Commercial Building
House
Apartment Building
Wind Power Plants
 Village
 Commercial
Building
Central Power
Station Solar Power Plants
 CHP House
Importance
Increasing applications of Power Electronic Equipment in Power Systems
 Availability of high power
semiconductor devices
 Decentralized renewable
energy generation sources
 Increased power transfer
with existing transmission
system
 Effective control of power
flow needed in a
deregulated environment
 Norms for Power quality
Future Power System

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Listing of Power Electronic
Applications
 Distributed generation (DG)
 Renewable resources (wind and photovoltaic)
 Fuel cells and micro-turbines
 Storage: batteries, super-conducting magnetic energy storage,
flywheels
 Power electronics loads: Adjustable speed drives
 Power quality solutions
 Dual feeders
 Uninterruptible power supplies
 Dynamic voltage restorers
 Transmission and distribution (T&D)
 High voltage dc (HVDC) and medium voltage dc
 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Shunt and Series
compensation, and the unified power flow controller

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Role of Power Electronics in
Important Utility Applications
Power Electronic Loads: Adjustable Speed Drives
Controller
Motor
Utility
Rectifier
Switch-mode
Converter

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Role of Power Electronics in
Important Utility Applications
• Transmission and Distribution: Flexible AC Transmission Systems
(FACTS)
1 2
sin
E E
P
X


1
E
2
E
3
E
+
-
3
E
1
E 2
E
Shunt
converter
Series
converter
I
Shunt and Series Compensation
Series Compensation

18. Applications
 Industrial applications
 Motor drives
 Electrolysis
 Electroplating
 Induction heating
 Welding
 Arc furnaces and ovens
 Lighting

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• hybrid cars, in which the primary electrical system is dominated by
power electronics. Electric cars offer high performance, zero tailpipe
emissions, and low costs, but are still limited in range by the need
for batteries.
• Hybrid car designs use various strategies to combine both an engine
and electrical elements to gain advantages of each.
• Inverters and DC-DC converters rated for many kilowatts serve as
primary energy control blocks.
Hybrid Cars

23. Transportation applications
 Trains & locomotives
 Subways
 Trolley buses
 Magnetic levitation
 Electric vehicles
 Automotive electronics
 Ship power systems
 Aircraft power systems

24. Applications in space technology
 Spaceship power systems
 Satellite power systems
 Space vehicle power systems

25. Trends
It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric
energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it
is finally used. Power electronics has been making major contributions
to:
 Better performance of power supplies and better control of electric
equipment
 Energy saving
 Environment protection

26. Heat Removal Mechanism
26
SCR (stud-type) on air-
cooled kits
Fin-type Heat Sink SCR (hokey-puck-type) on
power pakkits
Assembly of power converters

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Ratings of Power Devices

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Summary
 The characteristics of the power devices play a
major role in the speed and effectiveness of the
power conversion.
 Power electronics uses low power electronics
(ICs), control, and switching power devices for
power converter and/or processing from one form
to another.