8. Figure 4.4 A cloud resource administrator can be with a cloud consumer organization and administer
remotely accessible IT resources that belong to the cloud consumer.
Cloud Computing Roles: Cloud Resource Administrator -1/2
10. Cloud Computing Roles: Cloud Auditor
• A third-party (often accredited) that conducts independent
unbiased assessment of cloud environments to help strengthen
the trust relationship between cloud consumers and cloud
providers.
• Cloud Auditor is responsible for the evaluation of
– security controls
– privacy impacts
– performance
11. Cloud Computing Roles: Cloud Broker & Cloud Carrier
• Cloud Broker: Responsible of managing and negotiating the usage
of cloud services between cloud consumers and cloud providers.
• Cloud Carrier: Responsible for providing the wire-level connectivity
between cloud consumers and cloud providers
13. Cloud Characteristics
13
• On-demand usage
– ability of a cloud consumer to self-provision and use necessary cloud-based services without requiring
cloud provider interaction
• Ubiquitous access
– support for a range of devices, transport protocols, interfaces, and security technologies
• Multi-tenancy (and resource pooling)
– ability of an instance of the program to serve different consumers
• Elasticity
– ability of a cloud to transparently scale IT resources
• Measured usage
– ability to keep track of the usage of its IT resources
• Resiliency
– Failover through redundant implementations of IT resources across physical locations
23. Cloud Delivery Models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Building -1/4
• The two most fundamental IT resources that are delivered:
– virtual server
– cloud storage device
• Standardized configurations properties:
– Operating system
– Primary memory capacity
– Processing capacity
– Virtualized storage capacity
24. Cloud Delivery Models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Building -2/4
• IaaS offerings are preemptively assembled by cloud providers via virtual
server images that capture the pre-defined configurations
• May offer cloud consumers direct administrative access to physical IT
resources
• Snapshots can be taken of a virtual server to record its current state,
memory, and configuration
• Horizontal and vertical scaling
– duplicate a virtual server
– backup and replication purposes
– import and export options for custom-built virtual server
25. Cloud Delivery Models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Building -3/4
• Multiple geographically-diverse data centers
– Can be linked together for increased resiliency
– Connected through high-speed communications networks with low latency
– Can perform load balancing
– IT resource backup and replication
– Increase storage capacity
– Improving availability and reliability
28. Cloud Delivery Models: Platform as a Service (PaaS): Equipping
• Equipped with a selection of application development and deployment platforms in order to
accommodate different programming models, languages, and frameworks
• A separate ready-made environment is usually created for each programming stack that
contains the necessary software to run applications specifically developed for the platform
• Consumers can create and control customized virtual server images with ready-made
environments
• Also provides features, such as managing deployed applications and configuring
multitenancy
• The PaaS environment, by default, usually relies on the cloud security mechanisms
provisioned for IaaS environments
30. Cloud Delivery Models: Software as a Service (SaaS): Optimizing -1/6
Diversity of Functionality
• Collaborative authoring and information-sharing (Wikipedia, Blogger)
• Collaborative management (Zimbra, Google Apps)
• Conferencing services for instant messaging, audio/video
communications (Skype,Google Talk)
• Enterprise management systems (ERP, CRM)
• Video/File-sharing and content distribution (YouTube, Dropbox)
• Industry-specific software (engineering, bioinformatics)
• Messaging systems (e-mail, voicemail)
• Mobile application marketplaces (Android Play Store, Apple App Store)
• Office productivity software suites (Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Cloud)
• Search engines (Google, Yahoo)
• Social networking media (Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn)
31. Cloud Delivery Models: Software as a Service (SaaS): Optimizing -2/6
Diversity of Implementation Mediums
• Mobile application
• REST service (Representational State Transfer)
• Web service (e.g. SOAP)
• Each of these SaaS implementation mediums provide Web-based APIs
for interfacing by cloud consumers.
• Examples of online SaaS-based cloud services with Web-based APIs include:
– Electronic payment services (PayPal)
– Mapping and routing services (Google Maps)
– Publishing tools (WordPress)
32. Cloud Delivery Models: Software as a Service (SaaS): Optimizing -3/6
Specialized Processing Requirements
• Service Load Balancing – for workload distribution across redundant SaaS-based cloud service
implementations
• Dynamic Failure Detection and Recovery – to establish a system that can automatically resolve
some failure conditions without disruption in service to the SaaS implementation
• Storage Maintenance Window – to allow for planned maintenance outages that do not impact
SaaS implementation availability
• Elastic Resource Capacity/Elastic Network Capacity – to establish inherent elasticity within the
SaaS-based cloud service architecture that enables it to automatically accommodate a range of
runtime scalability requirements
• Cloud Balancing – to instill broad resiliency within the SaaS implementation, which can be
especially important for cloud services subjected to extreme concurrent usage volumes
33. Cloud Delivery Models: Software as a Service (SaaS): Optimizing -4/6
• Tenant Subscription Period – This metric is used by pay-per-use monitors to record and track
application usage for time-based billing. This type of monitoring usually incorporates
application licensing and regular assessments of leasing periods that extend beyond the
hourly periods of IaaS and PaaS environments
• Application Usage – This metric, based on user or security groups, is used with pay-per-use
monitors to record and track application usage for billing purposes
• Tenant Application Functional Module – This metric is used by pay-per-use monitors for
function-based billing. Cloud services can have different functionality tiers according to
whether the cloud consumer is free-tier or a paid subscriber
• Similar in IaaS and PaaS implementations, SaaS environments are also commonly monitored
for data storage, network traffic, failure conditions, and event triggers.
40. Cloud Deployment Models
• A cloud deployment model represents a specific type of cloud
environment, primarily distinguished by
• Ownership
• Size
• Access
• Four common cloud deployment models:
• Public cloud
• Community cloud
• Private cloud
• Hybrid cloud
41. Cloud Deployment Models: Public Cloud
• A public cloud is a publicly accessible cloud environment owned by a
third-party cloud provider
• The IT resources on public clouds are usually provisioned via the
previously described cloud delivery models and are generally offered to
cloud consumers at a cost or are commercialized via other avenues
(such as advertisement)
• The cloud provider is responsible for the creation and on-going
maintenance of the public cloud and its IT resources
43. Cloud Deployment Models: Community Cloud
• A community cloud is similar to a public cloud except that its
access is limited to a specific community of cloud consumers
• The community cloud may be jointly owned by the community
members or by a third-party cloud provider that provisions a public
cloud with limited access
• The member cloud consumers of the community typically share
the responsibility for defining and evolving the community cloud.
45. Cloud Deployment Models: Private Cloud
• A private cloud is owned by a single organization
• Private clouds enable an organization to use cloud computing
technology as a means of centralizing access to IT resources by
different parts, locations, or departments of the organization
47. Cloud Deployment Models: Hybrid Cloud
• A hybrid cloud is a cloud environment comprised of two or more
different cloud deployment models
• For example, a cloud consumer may choose to deploy cloud
services processing sensitive data to a private cloud and other,
less sensitive cloud services to a public cloud. The result of this
combination is a hybrid deployment model
49. Cloud Deployment Models: Other
• Virtual Private Cloud: Also known as a "dedicated cloud" or "hosted
cloud," this model results in a self-contained cloud environment
hosted and managed by a public cloud provider and made available
to a cloud consumer.
• Inter-Cloud: This model is based on an architecture comprised of two or
more inter-connected clouds .