2. Planning definition:
Aprocess on the analysis of the data and identify needs and assess
available resources and use this analysis in preparation for the
change according to the objectives them in logical order .
Characteristic of planning:
1. Planning increases the efficiency of an organization
2. It reduces the risks involved in modern business activities
3. It facilitates maximum use of the available and resources .
3. Planning criticism:
1. Planning may create rigidity
2. Can’t be developed for dynamic environment
3. Can’t replace imagination creativity
4. Focuses manager ‘s attention on internal activities with
minimum attention to competition
5. Doesn’t include any risk in decision making which may contain
more success
5. Compare between types of planning?
Time frame
Target
Process
Formailit
Short term plans
years 1
<
Directional plans
Operational plans
Informal plans
Long term plans
Up to 5 years
Single use plans
Strategic plans
Formal
Standing plans
Ongoing
Specific plans
6. Discuss organizing/leading/controlling
Organizing:
Management function the involves the process of determining
• What tasks to be done?
• Who is do them?
• How tasks to be grouped?
Leading:
• Management function that involves motivation
• Influence teams of work
• Select most effective communicating
• Resolving conflicts
7. Controlling:
• Management function that monitoring actual performance
• Taking corrective actions if necessary
• Comparing actual performance to standards
8. Mention managerial skill and levels
Managerial skill:
• Conceptual skills
• Technical skills
• Human skill
• Political skill
Managerial levels:
• top managerial level
• Middle managerial level
• First line managerial level
• Non managerial level
9. Give examples:
Director of internal medicine
ConsultantS
Assistant ConsultantS
RegistRar doctors
House officer doctors