P 05 toeic-unit_5_tense.docx

1. UNIT 5 TENSE
นิยาม:
Simple:
Continuous:
Perfect:
Perfect Con:
โครงสร้าง:
Simple:
Continuous:
Perfect:
Perfect Con:

2. PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
____________
____________
____________
______________
______________
______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
จุดเด่นของกาลเวลา
PRESENT V
PAST V
FUTURE V
SIMPLE
CON
PERFECT
PERFECT CON

3. Choose the correct answer.
1. We have _______ all project managers to turn in their reports by the end of the
week.
(A) asking (B) asked (C) ask (D) asks
2. They had _______ most of the brochures before anyone else even had a chance
to look at them.
(A) take (B) took (C) taken (D) taking
3. Yasmin is one of our best employees and ______ working here for two years.
(A) has (B) has been (C) had (D) will
4. Most of the departments will be ______ office parties before the Christmas
vacation begins.
(A) to hold (B) hold (C) have held (D) holding
5. We have been _____ this space for the past seven years and would like to stay
for at least another seven.
(A) rent (B) rents (C) was rented (D) renting
6. The auditor discovered that the accountant had not been _____ the checks into
the correct account.
(A) was deposited (B) deposits (C) deposit (D) depositing
7. The speaker has _______ his speech by two minutes.
(A) short (B) shortening (C) shortened (D) shortage
8. The old house on the corner is ____ down and needs some serious repair work.
(A) fell (B) falls (C) fall (D) falling
Exercise

4. 9. We realized that nobody had been ______ the checkbook.
(A) balance (B) balances
(C) was balanced (D) balancing
10. For years he has ------- by a commitment to annual employee raises.
(A) abide (B) abides (C) abided (D) abiding

5. PRESENT SIM
PRESENT CON
Ex. Every Friday, most employees _____ casually.
(A) dress (B) dressed (C) are dressing
TENSES นิยาม KEYWORDS
PRESENT SIM
V (s)
จริงเสมอ
The sun rises in the
east.
always
usually, normally,
generally
daily
every + day/
month/ week
TENSES นิยาม KEYWORDS
PRESENT CON
is, am, are + V.ing
กำลังเกิดขึ้น
I am working on the
project.
Now, right now,
at the moment
This + week/
month/ year
ตัวอย่างโจทย์วัดการนาไปใช้

6. PAST SIM
TENSES นิยาม KEYWORDS
PAST SIM
V (ed)
เกิดและจบไปแล้ว
She went to LA last
week.
last + week/
month/ year
3 days/ months/
years ago
in 2000 (ปี ค.ศ.)
when (I was young)
ตัวอย่างการใช้ when
I listened to the radio when I was young.
Choose the correct answer.
1. Every Friday, most employees _______ casually.
(A) dressed (B) are dressing (C) dress
2. Last year, the company president _______ to bring in an efficiency consultant.
(A) is wanting (B) wanted (C) wants
Past SimPast Sim
Exercise

7. 3. Now, the human resources manager ______ in all the qualified applicants for a
second interview.
(A) called (B) calls (C) is calling
4. Every year, the purpose of the seminar _______ to have employees identify
outdated methods and procedures.
(A) is (B) was (C) is being
5. Last week, the presenter _______ out of time before he reached his conclusion.
(A) runs (B) is running (C) ran
6. Employees usually _______ their learning with practice in the workplace.
(A) reinforce (B) reinforced (C) is reinforcing
7. Her assistant _______ and assembling the documents at the moment.
(A) copies (B) copied (C) is copying
8. This week, our courier _______ packages to our clients.
(A) delivers (B) delivered (C) is delivering
9. 5 years ago, the company _______ on a practice of verbal and not written
contracts.
(A) operates (B) operated (C) is operating
10. The manager normally _______ the new hire in front of his entire team.
(A) reprimands (B) reprimanded (C) reprimanding

8. PAST CONTINUOUS
โครงสร้าง: was, were + V.ing
นิยาม:
1. ใช้เดี่ยวๆ มักบอกเวลา
2. กาลังเดินหน้าแต่มีเหตุแทรก
3. 2 เหตุ(แปลก)เกิดขึ้นพร้อมกัน
1. ใช้เดี่ยวๆ มักบอกเวลา
■ Last night at 9 p.m., I was filling in an applicant.
■ I was filling in an applicant at 9 p.m. last night.
/at this time last night.
Past Con
Tips

9. 2. กาลังเดินหน้า แต่มีเหตุแทรก
Example 1: While they were trying to save their lives, the plane crashed.
Example 2: We were walking home, when we saw the accident.
1. While everybody was doing/ did the shopping, the child was
screaming/ screamed.
2. The woman was farting/ farted while she was waiting/ waited for
her friends.
3. Her son was sleeping/ slept when the accident was occurring/ occurred.
Exercise
Past Con Past Sim

10. KEYWORDS
3. 2 เหตุ(แปลก) เกิดขึ้นพร้อมกัน
While Kru Bird was teaching,
the students were trying to concentrate.
ตัวอย่างเพิ่มเติม: - I was preparing the presentation while my friend was typing a
report.
- While the manager was accumulating the resumes, the
executive was interviewing the applicant.
1. จุดบอกเวลาอย่างละเอียด
2. When
3. While
Past Con
Past Con

11. PRESENT PERFECT
Now
Now
โครงสร้าง: has, have + V.3
1. ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดตั้งแต่อดีตจนถึงปัจจุบัน
Example: She has been sick for 10 years.
Example: She was sick 10 years ago.
10 years ago
10 years ago

12. KEYWORDS
Example: Boy has accumulated 7 years of experience as an actor.
since - ตั้งแต่
for - เป็นระยะเวลา
over the past - ในช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา
+ 6 months/ 8 years...
ตามหลัง Since เป็น Past Sim:
I have worked here since August.
I have worked here since he was a manager.
7 years ago Now

13. KEYWORDS
2. ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่เพิ่งเกิดขึ้น
Example: I have already finished my work.
just, already, recently, lately, yet
5 hours ago Now

14. PRESENT PERFECT CON
Charles Whitman (1966)
โครงสร้าง: has, have + been + V.ing
Example: Someone has been shooting people from the tower.
นิยาม:
1. อดีตถึงปัจจุบัน
2. แต่มันส์ต่อเนื่อง
3. เรื่องราวไม่เสร็จ
Tips

15. KEYWORDS
Present Perfect Con
He has been working very hard since last night.
Present Perfect
He has worked very hard since last night.
1. ซ้ากับ Present Perfect กรณีที่ 1
since - ตั้งแต่
for - เป็นระยะเวลา
over the past - ในช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา
+ 6 months/ 8 years...
Choose the correct answer.
1. I have just ________ out that my tax records will be audited by the government.
(A) find (B) found (C) am finding (D) was finding
2. The workers always ______ him to settle their disagreements.
(A) look to (B) looked to
(C) are looking to (D) have been looking to
Exercise

16. 3. The researcher wasn’t as productive when he first ______ working here.
(A) start (B) is starting (C) started (D) has started
4. Last week, the managers ____ a very productive meeting and were able to solve many
of the problems.
(A) have been (B) have had (C) have (D) had
5. At the moment, my manager _____ a letter to dispute the charges on the invoice she
has recently received from a company.
(A)writes (B) is writing
(C) has written (D) has been writing
6. Over the past 2 months, The director’s dedication to a high-quality product ________
many of his employees.
(A) has motivated (B) motivated
(C) is motivating (D) was motivating
7. Now, the shoe store ________ about expanding into the adjacent vacant building.
(A) thinks (B) thought (C) is thinking (D) has thought
8. The collector normally ________ to explore antique shops looking for bargains.
(A) likes (B) is liking
(C) was liking (D) has been liking
9. Last year at this time, the regional director ________ the new, larger offices.
(A) look forward to (B) is looking forward to
(C) was looking forward to (D) has looked forward to
10. While I _______ my taxes, my secretary took messages for me.
(A) prepare (B) am preparing
(C) was preparing (D) has prepared

17. PAST PERFECT
KEYWORDS
โครงสร้าง: had + V.3
นิยาม :
Past Perfect เกิดก่อน Past Sim
Example: 1. I had spoken to my father before the meeting began.
2. He told me that he had finished his projects.
By the time, when, before, after
Choose the correct answer.
1. When my assistant ________, the shipment _________.
(A) had arrived, went (B) arrived, had gone
2. I _________ to the shop after it _________.
(A) got, had closed (B) had gotten, closed
Tips
Exercise

18. 3. They ______ everything by the time I ______ at the meeting.
(A) discussed, had arrived (B) had discussed, arrived
4. When we _____ at the company, the conference _______.
(A) arrived, had already started (B) had arrived, already started
5. I _______ calling her several times but she _______ the country.
(A) had tried, left (B) tried, had left
6. I _______ my documents after someone _______ it.
(A) found, had photocopied (B) had found, had photocopied
7. The courier _____ when I _____ the letter.
(A) went, had finished (B) had gone, finished
8. The recruiter _____ the candidates by the time I ______ assembling all
application forms.
(A) had already interviewed, finished (B) already interviewed, had finished
9. After the manager _______, the problem _______?
(A) already retired, had occurred (B) had already retired, occurred
10. The brochure _____ several times before it _____ to the printer.
(A) was revised, had been sent (B) had been revised, was sent

19. FUTURE SIMPLE
Example:
■ The recruiter will interview all candidates tomorrow. But I’m not sure.
■ The recruiter is going to interview all candidates tomorrow. They decided
last week.
■ The recruiter is interviewing candidates tomorrow. They have booked
the meeting room.

20. Present Simple ใช้กับตารางเวลา
■ The train leaves Grand Central at 13.30 tomorrow.
■ This yoga class begins at 19.30.
Directions: Underline the best answer.
1. The expert negotiator goes/ is going to Spain soon.
2. The manager retires/ will retire after his vacation.
3. The store closes/ will close on Monday.
4. The customer calls/ will call to dispute the no returns policy tomorrow.
5. The seminar starts/ will start at 6 pm.
6. The train won’t/ doesn’t stop at Oxford.
7. The business planner details/ will detail steps we should follow tonight.
8. The executive committee ask/ will ask each group to present a report showing
their progress next year.
9. The experiments end/ will end next month.
10. Researchers submit/ will submit their proposal next week.
Exercise

21. KEYWORDS
Tomorrow, Next (week / month / year),
The day after tomorrow
FUTURE SIM & PRESENT SIM
Example: Malee will call you as soon as she arrives.
KEYWORDS PRESENT SIM FUTURE SIM
when, while
as soon as
after/before
if/unless
until
I see him. I will phone you.

22. When
V.2
was, were V.ing
had V.3
will V
when + V.2
when + V.1
Choose the correct answer.
1. The company _____ the candidate if she _____ a great proposal.
(A) will hire, comes up with (B) hires, will come up with
2. I _____ package until the committee _______.
(A) do not send, will approve (B) will not send, approves
3. As soon as college graduates _____ resumes, the recruiters _____ calling
them in.
(A) submit, will start (B) will submit, start
4. The executives _____ you before they _____ you.
(A) interview, will hire (B) will interview, hire
5. The human resources manager _____ your background before he _____
your salary.
(A) will check, negotiates (B) checks, will negotiate
Exercise

23. Before
had V.3
will V
before + V.2
before + V.1
After
V.2
will V
after + had V.3
after + V.1
KEYWORD PAST PERFECT
By the time, when, before + V2
After + had V.3
KEYWORD PAST PERFECT
By the time, when, before + V2
After + had V.3

24. tomorrow at 8 am
(จุดบอกเวลาอย่างละเอียดในอนาคต)
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
KEYWORDS
FUTURE PERFECT
KEYWORDS
โครงสร้าง: will be V.ing
Example:
1. Tomorrow at 4 pm I will be skiing.
2. We’ll be thinking of you on Saturday morning.
โครงสร้าง: will have V.3
by + เวลา
Example: I will have finished my work by ten o’clock tonight.
by the time + Present
Example: I will have visited 5 companies by the time my boss goes
aboard.

25. Choose the correct answer.
1. Tomorrow afternoon, I _____ a list of the most popular items for sale on our website.
(A) will have compiled (B) will be compiling (C) compile
2. We _____ the training session in the auditorium by tomorrow afternoon.
(A) will have conducted (B) conduct (C) will be conducting
3. My employer _____ much office supply we need at 6 pm this evening.
(A) withholds (B) will have withheld (C) will be withholding
4. By the time the director _____, he will have earned staff members’ respect.
(A) retires (B) will be retiring (C) will have retired
5. Next Friday morning, the accountant _____ the taxes for our company.
(A) will have calculated (B) will be calculating (C) calculates
6. By this time next week, the new hire _____ good training.
(A) will be receiving (B) receives (C) will have received
7. The organization _____ their tax returns at this time next month.
(A) will be preparing (B) prepares (C) will have prepared
8. He ____ the employees on the latest personnel changes by this time tomorrow.
(A) will be updating (B) will have updated (C) updates
9. By the time you _____ the project, your work will have improved tremendously.
(A) will have finished (B) will be finishing (C) finish
10. This morning at 9 pm, the executive _____ the approach we should follow.
(A) will be debating (B) debates (C) will have debated
Exercise

26. BY THE TIME
had V.3
will have V.3
by the time + V.2
by the time + V.1
KEYWORD PAST PERFECT
By the time, when, before + V2
After + had V.3