about nutritional causes of osteoporosis

1. Diet and control
of osteoporosis

2. Introduction
• Osteoporosis is a
systemic skeletal disease
characterised by low bone
mass and
microarchitectural
deterioration of bone
tissue, which results in
increasing bone fragility
and susceptibility to
fracture.

3. • Osteoporosis means
"porous bones," causes
bones to become weak
and brittle – so brittle
that even mild stresses
like bending over, lifting
a vacuum cleaner or
coughing can cause a
fracture.

4. Epidemiology of osteoporosis
• A Major global health problem. (WHO estimate >200
mill)
• 3,00,000 new cases per year
• Osteoporosis affects 65% of Indians aged 50 and above.
Of these, approximately 80% are women.
• 50% of women over age 50 will sustain a fracture in their
lifetime
• The condition is responsible for millions of fractures
annually, mostly involving the lumbar vertebrae, hip, and
wrist.

6. Some important causes

7. Constituents of Bone

8. Types of Bone cells
At the cellular level, bone is made up of three types of specialized bone
cells:
1.Osteoblasts,
2.Osteocytes, and
3.Osteoclasts

10. Dietary strategies for preventing
osteoporosis: minerals
• Many of the nutrients and food components we consume
as part of our diet can potentially have a positive or
negative impact on bone health.

11. Calcium
• Calcium is required for normal growth and development of
the skeleton .
• The adult human body contains about 1,200 g of
calcium, , 99% of which is found in mineralised tissues,
such as bones and teeth, where it is present as calcium
salts providing rigidity and structure

12. Magnesium
• Magnesium
deficiency has
been identified as a
possible risk factor
for osteoporosis in
humans .
• Rda-for male
400-420 mg/day
• Female 310-320
mg/day

13. Phosphorus
• There has been some controversy over the role of
dietary phosphorus, and in particular, the dietary ratio of
calcium to phosphorus, on bone health. Although
phosphorus is an essential nutrient, but excessive
amounts may be detrimental to bone, especially when
accompanied by low calcium consumption

14. Sodium
• Dietary salt (sodium
chloride) has been
considered detrimental
because increasing
dietary salt increases
urinary calcium
excretion ( calciuria) .
• Rda-2400
mg/day

15. Potassium
• There has been increasing
interest in the potential
beneficial effects of
potassium on bone. For
example, alkaline salts of
potassium (e.g., potassium
bicarbonate) have been
shown to significantly
reduce urinary calcium
excretion in healthy
adults , even in the setting
of a high sodium intake .

16. Vitamin D
• Vitamin D (calciferol), which comprises a group of fat-
soluble seco-sterols that are found in very few foods
naturally, is synthesised in the skin by the action of solar
ultraviolet (UV) B radiation .

17. Vitamin K
• The function of vitamin K is to
serve as a cofactor for the vitamin
K-dependent carboxylase, a
micosomal enzyme that facilitates
the post-translational conversion
of glutamyl to carboxyglutamyl
(Gla) residues .
• Its classic role in this respect
involves the synthesis of several
coagulation factors, including
plasma prothrombin (coagulation
factor II), plasma procoagulants
(factors VII, IX and X) and
anticoagulants

18. Vitamin A
• Vitamin A (retinol) is present in
food sources such as liver,
kidney, and milk. Dairy foods are
fortified with small amounts of
vitamin A and D in many
countries. Chronic vitamin A
toxicity affects bone and mineral
metabolism

19. Vitamin C
• Vitamin C is an essential cofactor for key
enzymes involved in procollagen
formation, i.e., conversion of peptide-
bound proline and lysine into their hydroxy
forms, a major prerequisite for a controlled
collagen protein synthesis.