: 가족형태와 사회시스템 변화에 따른 Privacy 개념의 재해석 필요성을 커피전문점 이용행태 변화를 통해 분석하며, 건축과 Brain & Cognitive Science 와의 접목을 통하여 상황에 따라 변화하는 사용자의 프라이버시 요구에 유연하게 대응할 수 있는 과학적 환경 디자인의 가능성을 모색한다.
[N+A, The Seed] 프라이버시 최적화 공간을 위한 신경건축 (Neuro-architecture for Space Optimizing Privacy), 이종은(호서대학교 건축학과 외래교수)
1. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Neuro - Archietcture for Space Optimizing Privacy
LEE JONG - EUN
KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEURO-ARCHITECTURE
APRIL, 2012
2. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
CONTENTS
ISSUE & HYPOTHESIS
CONCEPT OF PRIVACY
NEURO – ARCHITECUTRAL EXPERIMENT
ORIENTATION
NEUROARCHITECTURE FOR
SPACE OPTIMIZING PRIVACY
3. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Housing Problem Degradation to extreme conditions
ISSUE
“나홀로 가구 비중 23.9%...1인가구 시대 대비해야”
서울 YMCA “수도권 대학생 1인가구 절반 14m2 이하 거주”
4. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Changing pattern of behavior in coffee shops
Before…
ISSUE
5. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Now !
Changing pattern of behavior in coffee shops
ISSUE
6. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Now !
ISSUE
Changing pattern of behavior in coffee shops
7. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Public space : Extrovert Private activity : Introvert
What’s the matter ? Contradiction between place & activity
ISSUE
+
Communication with others Hold off interaction with others
8. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Approach me… Do not disturb !
ISSUE
+
What’s the matter ? Contradiction between place & activity
9. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
ISSUE
Privacy-oriented in the public space ?
10. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Optimizing privacy process
HYPOTHESIS
결혼을 하지 않은 사람은 적막한 집이 싫어서, 결혼한 사람은 적막한
장소가 필요해서 이 곳을 찾았다. 오마이뉴스 2008. 05. 15.
”이곳에 있으면 집이나 도서관에서보다 마음 편하게 공부를 할 수 있다"며 "특
별한 이유는 없고 인터넷과 바깥 도심풍경을 한가로이 즐기면서 공
부하기 때문에 그런 것 같다"고 말했다. 한국경제 2008. 01. 04
딱딱한 사무실과 달리 적당히 자유롭고 적당히 시끄러운 곳. 코피스족
들이 커피 전문점에서 최상의 작업 능률을 올릴 수 있다고 말하는 이유다.
M25 2011. 01. 26
11. 1. (남의 눈길・간섭 등을 받지 않고) 혼자 있는 상태. 사생활 [자기 생활] (을 누리는 상태)
2. (대중의 관심을 벗어난) 사생활 [프라이버시]
What is the privacy ?
12. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Irwin Altman
PRIVACY
Social penetration theory
Personal boundary rules
Onion metaphor
Social psychology +
Environmental psychology
Privacy ∙ Personal space ∙ Territory ∙ Crowding
14. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Interpersonal
boundary-control process
PRIVACY
Pace and regulate interaction with others
Dialectic process :
Interplay of opposing forces - Restriction of interaction & Seeking of interaction
Idea of privacy includes whole range of openness-closeness of a person or a group
close open
16. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Dynamic process
PRIVACY
Systems non-static.
Change over time and with
different circumstances.
Sometimes people want to be alone
and out of contact with others…
…and sometimes they want to be
with others
17. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Optimizing process
PRIVACY
Desired privacy – Achieved privacy
There is an optimal degree of desired
access of the self to others at any
moment in time.
Privacy as a dialectic process
Privacy as an optimization process
18. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Optimizing process
PRIVACY
Crowding– Isolation
Deviation from this optimum in the
direction of either too much or too
little interaction is unsatisfactory
Desired privacy > Achieved privacy ⇒ Crowding
Desired privacy < Achieved privacy ⇒ Isolation
19. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Feedback system
PRIVACY
Behavioral mechanisms to implement
desired levels of privacy
1. verbal behavior
2. non verbal use of the body
3. cultural defined norm & practices
4. environmental behaviors
Verbal behavior
20. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Feedback system
PRIVACY
Verbal behavior + Non verbal behavior
Behavioral mechanisms to implement
desired levels of privacy
1. verbal behavior
2. non verbal use of the body
3. cultural defined norm & practices
4. environmental behaviors
21. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Feedback system
PRIVACY
Non verbal behavior + Personal space
Behavioral mechanisms to implement
desired levels of privacy
1. verbal behavior
2. non verbal use of the body
3. Cultural defined norm & practices
4. environmental behaviors
22. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Feedback system
PRIVACY
Territory + Verbal behavior
Behavioral mechanisms to implement
desired levels of privacy
1. verbal behavior
2. non verbal use of the body
3. Cultural defined norm & practices
4. environmental behaviors
23. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Feedback system
PRIVACY Verbal behavior
Verbal + Non verbal behavior
Non verbal behavior +
Personal space
Territory + Verbal behavior
Integrated system like a symphony
orchestra
If a person cannot achieve a desired level of
boundary regulation, additional mechanisms
may be mobilized.
Thus privacy regulation involves a complex
feedback system
24. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Feedback system
PRIVACY
These adjustments also require energy
expenditure.
Physiological cost
heightened adrenalin-gland functionning
excessive cardiovascular activity.
Psychological cost
stress, tension, and anxiety
26. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
PRIVACY
Behavioral options
Privacy maximizes freedom of choice and behavioral
options and thereby allows a person or group to
have control over their activities
Control space
Important factor in maintaining options are to control
space and to determine what will and will not take
place in territories
Possibility of choice
Max.
Min.
27. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
PRIVACY
Behavioral options
Privacy maximizes freedom of choice and behavioral
options and thereby allows a person or group to
have control over their activities
Control space
Important factor in maintaining options are to control
space and to determine what will and will not take
place in territories
Possibility of choice
28. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Interaction with people
Interaction with the nature
Homes should allow a firm boundary from the
outside world. The interior design should allow a
family to have balanced contact with nature on
the outside and family interaction on the inside
29. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Gradated environment
There must be environment that are gradated
in opportunity for interaction so that people can
achieve a level of interaction appropriate to
their condition and momentary needs.
30. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Gradated environment
There must be environment that are gradated
in opportunity for interaction so that people can
achieve a level of interaction appropriate to
their condition and momentary needs.
31. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Gradated environment
There must be environment that are gradated
in opportunity for interaction so that people can
achieve a level of interaction appropriate to
their condition and momentary needs.
32. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Gradated environment
There must be environment that are gradated
in opportunity for interaction so that people can
achieve a level of interaction appropriate to
their condition and momentary needs.
33. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Gradated environment
There must be environment that are gradated
in opportunity for interaction so that people can
achieve a level of interaction appropriate to
their condition and momentary needs.
34. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Gradated environment
There must be environment that are gradated
in opportunity for interaction so that people can
achieve a level of interaction appropriate to
their condition and momentary needs.
35. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Possibility of choice
PRIVACY
Different permeability of boundaries
The environment must have a series of
boundaries that vary in their permeability into
which people can gradually move to achieve
desired interaction
PRIVATE
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
SEMI-PRIVATE
SEMI-PUBLIC
SEMI-PRIVATE
PUBLIC
37. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Performance Test
Coffee shops are places suitable for study ?
Two places
Common place
where they
usually study
Coffee shop
Different fields
of questions
Memorization
Comprehension
Mathematics
Creative problem
Common place < Coffee shop
Common place = Coffee shop
Common place > Coffee shop
vs.HYPOTHESIS TESTING
38. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Effective quality
Rewards
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Increase activation of
specific brain sectors
Increase possibility
to regulate privacy
Performance Test
Coffee shops are places suitable for study ?
39. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
Effective quality
Rewards
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Increase activation of
specific brain sectors
Increase possibility
to regulate privacy
Performance Test
Coffee shops are places suitable for study ?
40. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
People ?
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Exterior ?
Quantity ?
Quality ?
What they expect ? - Elements to regulate privacy
41. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
People ?
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
What they expect ? - Elements to regulate privacy
Quantity ?
Quality ?
SecludedCrowded
Exterior ?
42. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
People ?
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Exterior ?
Quantity ?
Quality ?
In conversation Studying
What they expect ? - Elements to regulate privacy
43. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
People ?
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Exterior ?
Quantity ?
Quality ?
By the wall By the window
What they expect ? - Elements to regulate privacy
44. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Exterior ?
Quantity ?
Quality ?
Natural view Urban view
People ?
What they expect ? - Elements to regulate privacy
45. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Exterior ?
Decisive elements to optimize privacy ?
Quantity ?
Quality ?
Secluded Crowded
In conversation Studying
By the wall By the window
Natural view Urban view
People ?
46. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
What can the neuroscience do for these questions?
Happiness - Serotonin & Cortisol level test
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
47. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
What can the neuroscience do for these questions?
Brain response - Electroencephalogram (EEG)
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
48. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Different household types influence the result ?
Single-person household Multiple-persons household
VS.
49. KOREAN ACADEMY OF NEUROSCIENCE FOR ARCHITECTURE
What can we do from the
result ?
ORIENTATION
Possibility to improve the residential design
Economical but vs. public good
Find a solution in the public place design
Proximity / Private character in public park
Elements applicable to the commercial space
design
Public needs + Economical but