Lane – Ch. 14 2. The formula for a regression equation is Y’ = 2X + 9. a. What would be the predicted score for a person scoring 6 on X? b. If someone’s predicted score was 14, what was this person’s score on X? 6. For the X,Y data below, compute: a. r and determine if it is significantly different from zero. b. the slope of the regression line and test if it differs significantly from zero. c. the 95% confidence interval for the slope. X Y 4 6 3 7 5 12 11 17 10 9 14 21 Lane – Ch. 17 5. At a school pep rally, a group of sophomore students organized a free raffle for prizes. They claim that they put the names of all of the students in the school in the basket and that they randomly drew 36 names out of this basket. Of the prize winners, 6 were freshmen, 14 were sophomores, 9 were juniors, and 7 were seniors. The results do not seem that random to you. You think it is a little fishy                                                 that sophomores organized the raffle and also won the most prizes. Your school is                                                                                           composed of 30% freshmen, 25% sophomores, 25% juniors, and 20% seniors.                                                                 a. What are the expected frequencies of winners from each class? b. Conduct a significance test to determine whether the winners of the prizes were distributed throughout the classes as would be expected based on the percentage of students in each group. Report your Chi Square and p values. c. What do you conclude?                                         14. A geologist collects hand-specimen sized pieces of limestone from a particular area. A qualitative assessment of both texture and color is made with the following results. Is there evidence of association between color and texture for theselimestones? Explain your answer.      COLOR COLOR COLOR Texture Light Medium Dark Fine 4 20 8 Medium 5 23 12 Coarse 21 23 4 Illowsky – Ch. 11 True or False 70. The standard deviation of the chi-square distribution is twice the mean. 102.Do men and women select different breakfasts? The breakfasts ordered by randomly selected men and women at apopular breakfast place is shown inTable 11.55. Conduct a test for homogeneity at a 5% level of significance. French Toast Pancakes Waffles Omelettes Men 47 35 28 53 Women 65 59 55 60 Use the following information to answer the next twelve exercises:Suppose an airline claims that its flights are consistentlyon time with an average delay of at most 15 minutes. It claims that the average delay is so consistent that the variance is nomore than 150 minutes. Doubting the consistency part of the claim, a disgruntled traveler calculates the delays for his next25 flights. The average delay for those 25 flights is 22 minutes with a standard deviation of 15 minutes. 113.df= _______ 117. Let a = 0.05 Decision: _______ Conclusion (write out in a complete sentence): _________ The Regress ...

1. Lane – Ch. 14
2. The formula for a regression equation is Y’ = 2X + 9.
a. What would be the predicted score for a person scoring 6 on
X?
b. If someone’s predicted score was 14, what was this person’s
score on X?
6. For the X,Y data below, compute:
a. r and determine if it is significantly different from zero.
b. the slope of the regression line and test if it differs
significantly from zero.
c. the 95% confidence interval for the slope.
X
Y
4
6
3
7
5
12
11
17
10
9
14
21
Lane – Ch. 17
5. At a school pep rally, a group of sophomore students
organized a free raffle for

2. prizes. They claim that they put the names of all of the students
in the school in
the basket and that they randomly drew 36 names out of this
basket. Of the prize
winners, 6 were freshmen, 14 were sophomores, 9 were juniors,
and 7 were
seniors. The results do not seem that random to you. You think
it is a little fishy
that sophomores organized the raffle and also won the most
prizes. Your school
is
composed of 30% freshmen, 25% sophomores, 25% juniors, and
20% seniors.
a. What are the expected frequencies of winners from each
class?
b. Conduct a significance test to determine whether the winners
of the prizes
were distributed throughout the classes as would be expected
based on the
percentage of students in each group. Report your Chi Square
and p values.
c. What do you conclude?
14. A geologist collects hand-specimen sized pieces of
limestone from a particular
area. A qualitative assessment of both texture and color is made
with the
following results. Is there evidence of association between color

3. and texture for
theselimestones? Explain your answer.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR
Texture
Light
Medium
Dark
Fine
4
20
8
Medium
5
23
12
Coarse
21
23
4
Illowsky – Ch. 11
True or False
70. The standard deviation of the chi-square distribution is
twice the mean.
102.Do men and women select different breakfasts? The
breakfasts ordered by randomly selected men and women at
apopular breakfast place is shown inTable 11.55. Conduct a test
for homogeneity at a 5% level of significance.
French Toast

4. Pancakes
Waffles
Omelettes
Men
47
35
28
53
Women
65
59
55
60
Use the following information to answer the next twelve
exercises:Suppose an airline claims that its flights are
consistentlyon time with an average delay of at most 15
minutes. It claims that the average delay is so consistent that
the variance is nomore than 150 minutes. Doubting the
consistency part of the claim, a disgruntled traveler calculates
the delays for his next25 flights. The average delay for those 25
flights is 22 minutes with a standard deviation of 15 minutes.
113.df= _______
117. Let a = 0.05
Decision: _______
Conclusion (write out in a complete sentence): _________
The Regression Equation
66. Can a coefficient of determination be negative? Why or why
not?
82.The cost of a leading liquid laundry detergent in different
sizes is given inTable 12.31.
Size (ounces)
Cost ($)
Cost per ounce
16

5. 3.99
32
4.99
64
5.99
100
10.99
a. Using “size” as the independent variable and “cost” as the
dependent variable, draw a scatter plot.
b. Does it appear from inspection that there is a relationship
between the variables? Why or why not?
c. Calculate the least-squares line. Put the equation in the form
of:ŷ=a+bx
d. Find the correlation coefficient. Is it significant?
e. If the laundry detergent were sold in a 40-ounce size, find the
estimated cost.
f. If the laundry detergent were sold in a 90-ounce size, find the
estimated cost.
g. Does it appear that a line is the best way to fit the data? Why
or why not?
h. Are there any outliers in the given data?
i. Is the least-squares line valid for predicting what a 300-ounce
size of the laundry detergent would you cost? Whyor why not?
j. What is the slope of the least-squares (best-fit) line? Interpret
the slope

6. DQ4-1
1. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)
is of the opinion that pharmacists in the hospitals and other
health facilities like the retail outlets (retail Pharmacies) who
are referred to as “health-system pharmacists” have an
important leadership role in national health care quality-
improvement processes. This is because they have the
knowledge of drug therapy and medication-use systems needed
to successfully carry out quality-assurance and improvement
programs. Pharmacists are expected to use their abilities in
accounting for medication management and its use in hospitals
and health systems using the national health care quality
agenda. Pharmacists can bring practices and procedures
together which help to monitor quality care. (ASHP, 2014)
Examples of quality measures are those put in place by Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services and these are being updated
regularly. (CMS.gov, 2017)
References
ASHP Statement on the Health-System Pharmacist's Role in
National Health Care Quality Initiatives. (2014). Best Practices
for Hospital & Health-System Pharmacy, 260-261 retrieved on
January 1, 2018
from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohos
t.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=103906309&site=e
ds-live&scope=site
CMS.gov, 2017. CMS Measures Inventory retrieved on January
1, 2018 from https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-
Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-
Instruments/QualityMeasures/CMS-Measures-Inventory.html
2.
One of the biggest organizations that help manage quality in
healthcare is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ). AHRQ is in charge of researching to prevent errors in
patient care and improve quality of patient care by developing

7. different tools. In fact, between the years of 2010 and 2013,
AHRQ has helped the U.S. healthcare system prevent 1.3
million errors, save 50,000 lives, and avoid $12 billion in
wasteful spending (Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality, 2017). AHRQ also actively tackles the biggest
challenges in healthcare such as reducing antibiotic overuse and
how to better provide treatments for opioid addiction in rural
communities. Their most helpful tool for this is the Healthcare
Cost and Utilization Project (H-Cup). H-Cup is a family or
databases and software tools that carry hospital data which
enables researchers, insurers, policymakers, and others to study
healthcare delivery and patient outcomes over time at a
national, regional, state, and community level (Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality, 2017)
References
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2017,
February). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: A
Profile. Retrieved from AHRQ:
https://www.ahrq.gov/cpi/about/profile/index.htm
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2017,
December). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
Retrieved from AHRQ:
https://www.ahrq.gov/research/data/hcup/index.html
3.
Health care literacy is a such an important topic for both health
professionals and patients. Organizations like the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality take this very seriously.
"Health literacy occurs when health information and services
created for the public match with people’s capacity to find,
understand, and use them." (AHRQ, 2018) The AHRQ puts
resources together for healthcare organizations and
professionals that makes information easier for patients to
understand. Medical care can be very complicated and difficult
to understand without specific education, ensuring that
everyone understands the care they are receiving is very
important.

8. The AHRQ has toolkits available for professional staff that
cover many topics such as hospital discharge and CAUTI
prevention. These kits help staff reduce the complexity of
healthcare for their patients, illness and hospitalization is
extremely stressful which leads to difficulty in understanding
alone. The role of a healthcare provider is also to educate their
patients, resources such as the ones provided by the AHRQ and
other organizations help make this process easier.
Health Literacy (2017) Retrieved January 9, 2018
from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-
providers/resources/health-literacy.html
4.
Professional health care organizations play a role in monitoring
the quality of care by providing a way of documenting and
tracking the quality of care. This documentation and tracking
helps establish ways to better the quality of care by monitoring
patient outcomes and bringing to light negative outcomes. The
numerous regulatory bodies protect the public from health risks
and provide many programs for public health and welfare. An
organization that helps in monitoring quality of care is the
Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, which conducts
research aimed at improving health care quality, reducing costs,
and addressing patient safety and medical errors
(Youthtrainingprovider.com).
Dissemination of preventative health care measures and
ensuring public literacy on health care issues is done by
clinician reminders, computer generated reminders, and paper
based reminders. Giving patients information on things such as
vaccinations, immunizations, smoking cessation,
mammography, and prenatal care during doctors visits and at
clinics, or around communities are ways of ensuring
dissemination of preventatie health care measures (NCBI.gov).

9. Quality of care is the responsibility of the provider and is the
main concern for the patient. Today, there are health care
standards and quality improvement initiatives underway at
every level, that require measurements in order to identify
opportunities for improvement. The providers must provide
information to organizations such as CMS and NQF. The
development of new measures that improve quality of care are
directly related to the evidence based practices within the
hospitals and health care facilities and rely on their feedback to
gain knowledge in this area (Brookings.edu).
References:
Dexheimer, J. W., Talbot, T. R., Sanders, D. L., Rosenbloom, S.
T., & Aronsky, D. (2008). Prompting Clinicians about
Preventive Care Measures: A Systematic Review of Randomized
Controlled Trials. Retrieved January 10, 2018, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2410011/
Grimm, N. (n.d.). Healthcare Regulations: Who Does What?
Retrieved January 10, 2018, from
http://www.yourtrainingprovider.com/blog_main/bid/203291/he
alth-care-regulation-who-does-what
McClellan, M. B. (2017, May 10). Improving Health Care
Quality: The Path Forward. Retrieved January 10, 2018, from
https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/improving-health-care-
quality-the-path-forward/
5.
Healthcare being a challenging field, need for improved care
system, quality measurements to establish and enhance proper
services to patient and healthcare provider is vital. Hence,
professional health care organizations are established to
maintain not only quality measures but also to assist society and
its various components to achieve the most effective and
affordable services to patient and healthcare providers. When it

10. comes to monitoring and measuring quality care, CMS (center
for Medicare and Medicaid services) addresses the most
effective, secure and improved patient- centered care. CMS
main core value is to provide high quality care by initiating
evidence based practice, cost saving procedure hence less
burden to patient and providers, enforcing value based practice
by supporting excellence care and promoting consumer decision
making practices.
One of the effective innovation by CMS is the reporting
program, which is developed to detect, prevent and reduce
safety issues such as medication errors, adverse reactions etc.
With the collaboration with National Quality Forum (NQF),
already existed reporting system such as EMR (electronic
medical record) system for long-term care settings and
ambulatory care settings and new medication measurement
initiation programs such as, the Hospital Inpatient Quality
Reporting (IQR) Program, the Hospital Outpatient Quality
Reporting (OQR) Program and the Physician Quality Reporting
System (PQRS) have been established to promote quality care
(cms.gov, 2017).
Sante
CMS (2017). Retrieved from:
https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-
Assessment-
Instruments/QualityMeasures/index.html?redirect=/QualityMeas
ures/03_ElectronicSpecifications.asp