1) Sulfided silver-exchanged mordenite zeolite (SAHMOR) showed much higher catalytic activity than unmodified mordenite zeolite (HMOR) in the isomerization of n-butane.
2) However, in n-pentane isomerization, SAHMOR only showed comparable activity to HMOR.
3) This is because the formation of larger C10+ intermediates in the n-pentane reaction was inhibited by the narrowing of the mordenite zeolite channels caused by silver-sulfide species deposited during sulfidation of the catalyst.
092909 EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)VogelDenise
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1) This document contains sheet music for the banjo instrumental "Foggy Mountain Breakdown".
2) It displays standard musical notation including notes, rhythms, and chord symbols across 14 measures.
3) The piece is in the key of G major and features rolls, slides, and double stops on the banjo.
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Este documento presenta los planos y diseño de un edificio habitacional de nivel medio-alto con estilo loft en la Ciudad de México. El edificio tiene seis niveles con departamentos de uno y dos recámaras, áreas comunes como terraza y jardín, y estacionamiento. Los planos muestran detalles de la estructura, fachadas, cortes y plantas de cada nivel para proporcionar viviendas amplias, cómodas y sin divisiones internas.
The document appears to contain scientific or technical data with many numbers and variables. It includes tables with numbers organized in a matrix with rows and columns. The data likely relates to measurements or experiments involving multiple independent and dependent variables.
1. Pt supported on Al2O3-modified MCM-41 catalyst showed the highest activity for thiophene hydrodesulfurization at 350°C compared to other noble metal catalysts and a commercial CoMo catalyst.
2. The optimal Al2O3 loading on the MCM-41 support was 4 wt%, resulting in maximum activity for Pt catalysts.
3. Pt catalyst supported on Al2O3-MCM-41 exhibited higher hydrogenation ability during thiophene HDS compared to Pt on unmodified MCM-41, producing primarily butane products.
Development of Mesoporous Materials and Noble Metal Based Hydrodesulfurizatio...Lebong Andalaluna
The document discusses the development of mesoporous materials and noble metal-based hydrodesulfurization catalysts. It was found that Pt supported on acidic mesoporous materials like SiAlMCM-41 showed high catalytic activity for thiophene hydrodesulfurization that was higher than commercial CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts. Pt supported on moderately acidic SiAlMCM-41 (Si/Al=15) exhibited particularly high activity. The acidic properties of the MCM-41 support and the spillover hydrogen on Pt particles in Pt/MCM-41 catalysts were found to play an important role in thiophene hydrodesulfurization.
1) The Pt supported on mesoporous silicate FSM-16 showed high and stable catalytic activity for the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene at 350°C and this activity was higher than that of commercial CoMo/A120 3 catalysts.
2) Among noble metal/FSM-16 catalysts, Pt/FSM-16 showed the highest activity for the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. The optimal loading of Pt on FSM-16 was determined to be 5 wt%.
3) The activity of Pt/FSM-16 decreased temporarily when hydrogen sulfide was introduced but was restored after cutting off the introduction, indicating that hydrogen sulfide is reversibly adsorbed on the Pt/FSM
092909 EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)VogelDenise
The document discusses corruption in Illinois politics from the 1980s to the present day. It mentions that former Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich was arrested in 2008 for attempting to sell Barack Obama's vacant Senate seat. It also discusses the FBI's Operation Greylord in the 1980s which uncovered widespread bribery and corruption within the Cook County court system. The document asks whether reforms are possible given Illinois' history of corrupt politics or if the state remains a "cesspool of crookedness." It concludes by noting the challenges of reform that still remain in 2016.
1) This document contains sheet music for the banjo instrumental "Foggy Mountain Breakdown".
2) It displays standard musical notation including notes, rhythms, and chord symbols across 14 measures.
3) The piece is in the key of G major and features rolls, slides, and double stops on the banjo.
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The document appears to contain scientific or technical data with many numbers and variables. It includes tables with numbers organized in a matrix with rows and columns. The data likely relates to measurements or experiments involving multiple independent and dependent variables.
1. Pt supported on Al2O3-modified MCM-41 catalyst showed the highest activity for thiophene hydrodesulfurization at 350°C compared to other noble metal catalysts and a commercial CoMo catalyst.
2. The optimal Al2O3 loading on the MCM-41 support was 4 wt%, resulting in maximum activity for Pt catalysts.
3. Pt catalyst supported on Al2O3-MCM-41 exhibited higher hydrogenation ability during thiophene HDS compared to Pt on unmodified MCM-41, producing primarily butane products.
Development of Mesoporous Materials and Noble Metal Based Hydrodesulfurizatio...Lebong Andalaluna
The document discusses the development of mesoporous materials and noble metal-based hydrodesulfurization catalysts. It was found that Pt supported on acidic mesoporous materials like SiAlMCM-41 showed high catalytic activity for thiophene hydrodesulfurization that was higher than commercial CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts. Pt supported on moderately acidic SiAlMCM-41 (Si/Al=15) exhibited particularly high activity. The acidic properties of the MCM-41 support and the spillover hydrogen on Pt particles in Pt/MCM-41 catalysts were found to play an important role in thiophene hydrodesulfurization.
1) The Pt supported on mesoporous silicate FSM-16 showed high and stable catalytic activity for the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene at 350°C and this activity was higher than that of commercial CoMo/A120 3 catalysts.
2) Among noble metal/FSM-16 catalysts, Pt/FSM-16 showed the highest activity for the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. The optimal loading of Pt on FSM-16 was determined to be 5 wt%.
3) The activity of Pt/FSM-16 decreased temporarily when hydrogen sulfide was introduced but was restored after cutting off the introduction, indicating that hydrogen sulfide is reversibly adsorbed on the Pt/FSM
The document describes a catalytic isomerization unit (KIT) that increases the octane rating of gasoline. It processes light petroleum fractions to produce gasoline with an octane number of 76-83. The technological process involves reacting normal alkanes over a zeolite catalyst to isomerize the hydrocarbons. The unit is available in capacities of 24 or 48 cubic meters per day and can boost octane by 13 to 30 points. It operates continuously to convert low-octane gasoline into high-octane unleaded petrol.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is everywhere, promising self-driving cars, medical breakthroughs, and new ways of working. But how do you separate hype from reality? How can your company apply AI to solve real business problems?
Here’s what AI learnings your business should keep in mind for 2017.
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This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Solvin has implemented a cost-to-serve (C2S) analysis to better understand its costs and margins at the customer level. Key aspects of its C2S practice include:
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2) Analyzing cost drivers like transportation costs and production costs to identify optimization opportunities.
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Palestra realizada pelo Instituto de Estudos Avançados da USP, Polo Ribeirão Preto. Mais informações: http://www.iearp.blogspot.com.br/2012/08/eletronica-organica-uma-nova-fronteira.html
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1) Additional inspections in February 2008 found approximately 40% more buffable defects like dirt on fairings and covers.
2) In July 2008, two additional inspectors were added to find more obvious issues and cosmetic defects.
3) By October 2008, the number of inspectors went back down to one to focus on just obvious defects.
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The document describes a catalytic isomerization unit (KIT) that increases the octane rating of gasoline. It processes light petroleum fractions to produce gasoline with an octane number of 76-83. The technological process involves reacting normal alkanes over a zeolite catalyst to isomerize the hydrocarbons. The unit is available in capacities of 24 or 48 cubic meters per day and can boost octane by 13 to 30 points. It operates continuously to convert low-octane gasoline into high-octane unleaded petrol.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is everywhere, promising self-driving cars, medical breakthroughs, and new ways of working. But how do you separate hype from reality? How can your company apply AI to solve real business problems?
Here’s what AI learnings your business should keep in mind for 2017.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
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Solvin has implemented a cost-to-serve (C2S) analysis to better understand its costs and margins at the customer level. Key aspects of its C2S practice include:
1) Collecting detailed cost and sales data for each customer, including transportation, raw materials, fixed costs, to calculate true margins.
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3) By October 2008, the number of inspectors went back down to one to focus on just obvious defects.
The document summarizes a presentation on leaching Brannerite ores given at the 2010 International Uranium Conference. It discusses the challenges in leaching Brannerite based on past research, results from bottle roll and agitation leach tests on Brannerite samples, and conclusions. The tests showed that a temperature of 90°C was required to achieve significant uranium extraction. Higher free acid levels improved initial extraction rates but not overall recovery. Grind size had little impact on recovery, possibly because acid attacks gangue minerals. More research is needed to optimize temperature, acid level, and grind size.
Measuring and Monitoring Foot and Mouth Disease Occurrence Melissa McLaws EuFMDFAO
Monitoring FMD is key principle of PCP
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assessment
2. Monitor changes over time
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– Efficacy of control strategy
But what is the best way to do it?
HMG Response To One Death Is Too Many March 2010Alan Bassett
The UK is rightly regarded as having one of the best health and safety records in the world. Since 1997/8 the rate of fatal injuries to workers has fallen by 40
per cent, including in the construction sector, reflecting the significant focus on improving safety by the Health and Safety Executive, local authorities, businesses and trades unions. While this is very welcome, every death is one too many and a tragedy to those involved and their families. That is why we need to do more...
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Catalytic Isomerization of n-butane and n-pentane over Sulfided AghMordenite Zeolite
1. Catalytic Isomerization of n-butane and n-pentane over Sulfided AgHMordenite Zeolite
Lebong Andalaluna1,2,* and Masatoshi Sugioka1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho,
Muroran-shi 050-8585, Japan 2DTIEML,BPPT.
*
Corresponding author, e-mail andalalu@inn.bppt.go.id, fax +62-21-8297433
Catalytic isomerization of n-butane and n-pentane proceeded predominantly via bimolecular
pathway over sulfided AgHMordenite zeolite (SAHMOR), as well as in HMordenite zeolite
(HMOR). It was revealed that SAHMOR showed particular high enhanced activity which was
remarkably higher than that of parent HMOR in n-butane isomerization. However, the catalyst only
showed comparable catalytic activity with that of HMOR in n-pentane isomerization. It is proposed
that the formation of C10+ intermediate in n-pentane isomerization was inhibited by zeolite channel
narrowing as the result of silver-sulfide species (AgSx) formation in the sulfiding of AgHMordenite.
Introduction
In the previous works, we have reported that sulfiding of metal ion-exchanged zeolites and
mesoporous material with hydrogen sulfide resulted remarkable activity enhancement for some
acid-catalyzed reactions [1,2]. Mordenite is applied commercially as alkanes isomerization catalyst
which is an important process for producing high quality of automotive fuel. In current study, the
catalytic activities of sulfided AgHMordenite zeolite (SAHMOR) in the isomerization of n-alkanes
(n-butane and n-pentane) was examined. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was associated
with surface active sites and pore character generated over SAHMOR in the sulfiding.
Experimental
HMordenite (HMOR) was prepared using 0.1 mol/l HCl aqueous solution and AgHMordenite
(AHMOR) was prepared by ion exchanging HMOR using 0.1 mol/l aqueous solution of AgNO3.
All samples were calcined in air at 500ºC for 4 hours. Isomerization of n-butane and n-pentane were
carried out on a conventional closed circulating reactor at 250ºC and 220ºC, respectively. AHMOR
were sulfided with 40 Torr of hydrogen sulfide at 300ºC for one hour and evacuated for 0.5 hour at
the same temperature to obtain SAHMOR. Infrared spectroscopic study of pyridine adsorption and
deuterium exchange were also performed by Jasco FT-IR 230S using an in-situ cell
Results and Discussions
Skeletal isomerization of n-butane proceed via bimolecular reaction route over acidic zeolite,
involving the formation of C8 carbenium ion [3]. Mordenite has a one-dimensional micropore
system with opening channel of 6.5 x 7.0 Å. The one-dimensional pore of Mordenite [4] and
inclusion of metal particle inside the zeolite channel [5] was proposed inhibit sterically the
bimolecular pathway of the reaction.
Figure 1 shows the catalytic isomerization of n-butane over HMOR and SAHMOR at 250ºC. It
was observed that SAHMOR showed remarkable high catalytic activity in the isomerization, which
was much higher than that of its parent HMOR. SAHMOR showed twice of HMOR n-butane
conversion after 4 hours reaction. Furthermore, SAHMOR was revealed exhibiting significant
catalytic activity at 200ºC with much shorter induction period than HMOR (figure not shown).
The isomerization of n-pentane over HMOR and SAHMOR at 220ºC is shown in Figure 2. The
isomerization products was mainly C2-C5 hydrocarbons with low selectivity to iso-pentane which
showed that the isomerization predominantly occured through bimolecular mechanism via C10+
intermediate formation [6]. It was observed that SAHMOR showed high catalytic activity in the
isomerization. However, in contrast with result in n-butane isomerization, the activity was only
slightly higher than that of HMOR. Moreover, an induction period was observed over SAHMOR
in the isomerization. The initial product was predominantly iso-pentane which indicated that
monomolecular reaction might occured in the initial reaction over SAHMOR. We assumed that
C10+ intermediate formation of bimolecular route in n-pentane isomerization was suppresed over
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C1 C1
Amount of product (%)
Amount of product (%)
20 C3 20 C3
i-C4 i-C4
i-C5 i-C5
15 15 n-C5
n-C5
10 10
5 5
0 0
0 120 240 360 480 0 120 240 360 480
Reaction time (min) Reaction time (min)
Figure 1: Catalytic isomerization of n-butane over HMOR and SAHMOR zeolites, respectively.
20 20
C3 C3
Amount of product (%)
Amount of product (%)
i-C4 16 i-C4
16 n-C4
n-C4 i-C5
12 i-C5 12
8 8
4 4
0 0
0 60 120 180 240 0 60 120 180 240
Reaction Time (min) Reaction Time (min)
Figure 2: Catalytic isomerization of n-pentane over HMOR and SAHMOR zeolites, respectively.
SAHMOR. This kind of inhibition might occured as the result of narrowing of mordenite zeolite
pore system due to formation of silver-sulfide species inside one-dimensional channel of mordenite
zeolite. Such as inhibition was apparent in the isomerization of n-pentane but not in the case of
n-butane isomerization, possibly due to bulkier size of C10+ intermediate of n-pentane isomerization
than C8 carbenium ion intermediate of n-butane isomerization.
Conclusion
Sulfided AgHMordenite zeolite (SAHMOR) showed remarkable high activity for n-butane
isomerization which was much higher than that of HMOR. On the other hand, the catalytic activity
of for n-pentane isomerization was affected by suppression of C10+ intermediate formation as the
result of formation of silver-sulfide species (AgSx-) inside the mordenite zeolite pore system.
References
[1] M. Sugioka and L. Andalaluna, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 105 (1997) 1995.
[2] M. Sugioka, L. Andalaluna and J.K.A. Dapaah, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 129 (2000) 823.
[3] R.A. Asuquo, G. Eder-Mirth, J.A. Lercher, J. Catal. 135 (1992) 115.
[4] H. Liu, G.D. Lei, W.M.H. Sachtler, Appl. Catal. A, 137, 167(1996).
[5] P. Canizares, A. de Lucas, F. Dorado, D. Perez, Appl. Catal. A, 190 (2000) 233.
[6] N. Essayem, Y. Ben Taarit, C. Feche, P.Y. Gayraud, G. Sapaly, C. Naccache, J. Catal., 219
(2003) 97.
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