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Your task for this week is to complete the following: Choose a topic from the list provided below or one that has been approved by your instructor. How is social media affecting young adults, parents, or teens for better or worse? Read the source on your topic provided in the topics' bibliography . Locate a similar source on the issue, and think about the evidence you find so you can form an opinion. Record at least 2 quotes (evidence) from your research. Identify at least 1 element of multimedia (such as advertisements, social media, documentaries, and so forth) that supports the evidence. Write a claim that is supported with 2 reasons that are based on evidence. Your reasons can be based on evidence that includes multimedia. Draft an opening paragraph that includes your claim (thesis statement). Use at least 1 quote to back up or frame your supporting reasons. Include an introduction for the quote in the sentence preceding it, or acknowledge it in the following sentence. Write an in-text citation and corresponding reference for your quote. ...

Education

Draft an opening paragraph that includes your claim (thesis
statement).
Use at least 1 quote to back up or frame your supporting
reasons.
Include an introduction for the quote in the sentence preceding
it, or acknowledge it in the following sentence.
Write an in-text citation and corresponding reference for your
quote.

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9.1 Give examples of applications of IPsec. 9.2 What services are provided by IPsec? 9.3 What parameters identify an SA and what parameters characterize the nature of a particular SA? 9.4 What is the difference between transport mode and tunnel mode? 9.5 What is a replay attack? 9.6 Why does ESP include a padding field? 9.7 What are the basic approaches to bundling SAs? 9.8 What are the roles of the Oakley key determination protocol and ISAKMP in IPsec? including references, No copy paste strictly .

9.1 Give examples of applications of IPsec.9.2 What servic.docx

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a brief description of two roles that a forensic psychology professional may have when working with police administrators. Then, analyze the impact of each role on police administration, and each level of the police organization. Support your analysis with references to the Learning Resources. Learning Resources Readings Course Text: Psychology and Policing Chapter 3, "Recruitment, Selection and Training" Book Excerpt: Rostow, C. D., & Davis, R. D. (2004). Defining the fitness-for-duty evaluation. In C. D. Rostow & R. D. Davis (Eds.), Handbook for psychological fitness-for-duty evaluations in law enforcement (pp. 65–71). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. Article: Coderoni, G. R. (2002). The relationship between multicultural training for police and effective law enforcement. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 71 (11), 16–18. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Article: Love, K. G., & DeArmond, S. (2007). The validity of assessment center ratings and 16 PF personality trait scores in police sergeant promotions: A case of incremental validity. Public Personnel Management, 36 (1), 21-32. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Article: McGrath, R., & Guller, M. (2009). Concurrent validity of the candidate and officer personnel survey (COPS). International Journal of Police Science and Management, 11 (2), 150–159. (Review from Week 2). Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Article: Simmers, K. D., Bowers, T. G., & Ruiz, J. M. (2003). Pre-employment psychological testing of police officers: The MMPI and the IPI as predictors of performance. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 5 (4), 277–294. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Article: Steinheider, B., Wuestewald, T., & Bayerl, P. (2006). The effects of participative management on employee commitment, productivity, and community satisfaction in a police agency. Conference Papers-International Communication Association , 1–42. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Article: Wang, Y. R. (2006). Does community policing motivate officers at work and how? International Journal of Police Science & Management, 8 (1), 67–77. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Article: White, M. D., & Escobar, G. (2008). Making good cops in the twenty-first century: Emerging issues for the effective recruitment, selection and training of police in the United States and abroad. International Review of Law Computers & Technology, 22 (1–2), 119–134. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Government Document: U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (n.d.). Facts about the Americans with disabilities act . Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-ada.html .

a brief description of two roles that a forensic psychology professi.docx

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A 65-year-old obese African American male patient presents to his HCP with crampy left lower quadrant pain, constipation, and fevers to 101˚ F. He has had multiple episodes like this one over the past 15 years and they always responded to bowel rest and oral antibiotics. He has refused to have the recommended colonoscopy even with his history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (diverticulitis), sedentary lifestyle, and diet lacking in fiber. His paternal grandfather died of colon cancer back in the 1950s as well. He finally underwent colonoscopy after his acute diverticulitis resolved. Colonoscopy revealed multiple polyps that were retrieved, and the pathology was positive for adenocarcinoma of the colon. The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis) Develop a 1- to 2-page (only) case study analysis in which you:- the challenge is to be concise and not go over more than 2 pages. A summary on page 3 will be expected. Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described. Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems. Rubric: ExcellentGoodFairPoorDevelop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following: Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described. 28 (28%) - 30 (30%)The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.25 (25%) - 27 (27%)The response describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.23 (23%) - 24 (24%)The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate. The response includes reasons for the symptoms, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research.0 (0%) - 22 (22%)The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing. The response does not include reasons for the symptoms, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate or no evidence/research. Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. 23 (23%) - 25 (25%)The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.20 (20%) - 22 (22%)The response includes an accurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.18 (18%) - 19 (19%)The response includes a vague or inaccurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.0 (0%) - 17 (17%)The response includes a vague or inaccurate.

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A 3-4-page single-spaced essay that draws on materials posted in module folders throughout the semester---you may also draw on the books What is the What and The Far Away Brothers. • Your essay should present a clear thesis, a several points about how media representations of refugees and immigrants has changed over time. • How would you describe the common understanding of refugees, communities and citizenship in the U.S.? What role does media play? Would you change media representation? How so? .

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9'18 Riders to the Sea CATHLEEN (slowly and clearly) An Id anything she will do and isn't it o. ~oman will be soon tired with keening, and makin~ great nlt~e ays herself is after crying and MAURYA (puts th sorrow m the house? t empty cup mouth downwards h together on BARTLEY'S feet) Th' on t e table, and /c,ys her hands is come. May the Almighty G ;r;e all together this time, and the end Michael's soul, and on the sO~ls o~~~mercy on Bartley's soul, and on and Shawn (bending her head)' d earn us and Patch, and Stephen Nora, and on the soul of e ' ' an ~ay He have mercy on my soul very one IS left living in the world ' She pa'" --' .l._ " • ....es, auu W", keen rises l' le away. , a Itt more loudly from the women, then sinks MAURYA (continuing) Mich;el has a . . grace of the Almighty God B I dea~ bunal m the far north, by the white boards and ad' art ey wdl have a fine coffin out of the h ' eep grave surely Wh t at? No man at all can be Iivin f, . at more can We Want than She kneels do' g. Or ever, and we must be satisfied. wn again and the curtain falls slowly. QUESTIONS 1. In tragedy th . . I .'. e protagoOlstgenerally ff, 15 C ear m thiS play; but what about acts, ~u ers; and learns. The sufferin a. Does the protagonist act the actmg and learning? g b. beWh~t ~oes she learn? H~~ri~~!?d~Eat are the effects of her actions? ~nOlng? 1 erent at the play's end than at the' 2. What,!S the effect of a traged in w ' '. . ;(u~n rather than active? Supi:ort YO~~~hth~ trotagomst IS essentially "acted an , to other tragedies that fit th' eSls y references to Riders to the Sea any)., ,,,', . ' ' IS not·very-common pattern l'f y' know ' 3 :n' I ' , ,. ' , ou • IS!:.USS the language of the la:' '" , ..• " : ' ' , tra81F aspects of the drama? p ,r,' Ho~ does It 'Support both th~ ~alistic and "," , , """>"'jf .!,' /~, ~!£ ll'~.'~ "'-'~. ,; Il,.J1.; ;"_\t,~, '.'".,' .; ':"·,i1:'. L, \1,', ,'; ,1"." " :J ~ .j .: t !" ' ;', r iJ: ,', SUSAN GLASPELL (1882-1948) Trifles CHARACTERS SHERIFF PETERS MltS. PETERS HALE MltS. HALE COUNTY ATTORNEY HENDEltSON SCENE. The kitchen in the now abandoned farmhouse ofJohn Wright, a gloomy kitchen, and left without having been put in order-the walls covered with a faded wall paper. Down right is a door leading to,the parlor. On the right wall above this door is a built-in kitchen cupboard with shelves in the upper portion and drawers below. In the rear wall at right. up two steps is a door opening onto stairs leading to the second floor. In the rear wall at left is a door to the shed and from there to the outside. Between these two doors is an old{ashifmed black iron stove. Running along the left wall from the shed'door is an old iron sink and sink shelf, in which is set a hand pump. Downstage of the sink is an uncurtained window. Near the window is an old wooden rocker. Genter stage is an unpainted wooden kitchen table with str.

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8B20M017 Teaching Note SOBEYS—PROJECT SUNRISE: RESPONDING TO DISRUPTION R. Chandrasekhar wrote this teaching note under the supervision of Professor Andreas Schotter as an aid to instructors in the classroom use of the case Sobeys—Project Sunrise: Responding to Disruption, No. 9B20M017. This teaching note should not be used in any way that would prejudice the future use of the case. Copyright © 2020, Ivey Business School Foundation Version: 2020-02-07 In January 2017, Michael Medline was appointed chief executive officer (CEO) of the Canadian grocer Sobeys Inc. (Sobeys), which was experiencing financial difficulties. Medline was tasked with saving Sobeys from near insolvency and planning strategically for the company’s core grocery business. He devised an interim growth plan called Project Sunrise, which had two main objectives: quickly relieving Sobeys of its troubled financial situation and preparing for the long-term industry disruption that was becoming prevalent, both locally and globally. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students can assess Medline’s road map for the execution of Project Sunrise and learn how to develop and apply a long-term plan for a company facing industrywide disruption. After completion of this case, students will be able to accomplish the following objectives:  Evaluate the priorities for action identified by the CEO.  Develop an action plan for the company to avoid bankruptcy.  Develop an action plan for the company to manage the imminent industry disruption. POSITION IN COURSE This case is suitable for courses in undergraduate, graduate, and executive education programs. It can be used in courses that focus on strategy, change, managing disruption, turnarounds, and competitive repositioning. RELEVANT READINGS  Dymfke Kuijpers, Virginia Simmons, and Jasper van Wamelen, “Reviving Grocery Retail: Six Imperatives,” McKinsey & Company, December 2018, accessed December 21, 2019, www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/reviving-grocery-retail-six-imperatives. This publication may not be transmitted, photocopied, digitized, or otherwise reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. i1v2e5y5pubs Page 2 8B20M017  Vinay Couto, John Plansky, and Deniz Caglar, Fit for Growth: A Guide to Strategic Cost Cutting, Restructuring, and Renewal (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2017).  Gavin Parker, Thomas Jensen, Pascale Morillon, Bill Urda, and Stephanie Halgren, “How to Become a Customer-Centric Grocer,” Boston Consulting Group, April 6, 2017, accessed July 12, 2019, www.bcg.com/en-ca/publications/2017/retail-winning-strategies-retail-transformation-how-to-become- a-customer-centric-grocer.aspx.  Donald Sull, Stefano Turconi, Charles Sull, and James Yoder, “Turning Strategy into Results,” MIT Sloa.

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875 words Include citations for all unoriginal ideas, facts, or definitions in an APA-formatted reference list. Do not use Wikipedia, Quora, Yahoo Questions or other crowdsourced websites as references. Visit the American Civil Liberties Union Supreme Court Cases website to see civil liberties cases that the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on, organized by term. Select one of the cases on civil liberties that interests you. Provide an analysis that addresses the following: The civil liberty that is addressed in the case, including the text of the amendment from the Bill of Rights An explanation of the Supreme Court's involvement, including the following: The importance of the ruling (why it is significant) How the case moved through the lower courts to eventually be heard by the Supreme Court The powers granted to the Supreme Court by the constitution that allowed them to rule on the case .

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81 Journal of International Studies © Foundation of International Studies, 2015 © CSR, 2015 S ci en ti fi c P ap er s Wuhan, Li Suyuan, Adnan Khurshid Ocean University of China China [email protected] Abstract. Th e main reason of this study is to test the interest rate impact on investment in Jiangsu Province of China. Jiangsu has the largest quantity of investment in China. For long run, nexus Johansen Co-integration test is employed. Whereas, vector er- ror correction model (VECM) is used to fi nd short run association over the period of 2003-2012. Th e results indicate that there is a long-term relationship association among variables. It has negative relation in the long run but positive in short run. Th is research also produces suggestions that will help in terms of interest rate policy as well as improving investment that promotes economic growth in Jiangsu Province. Keywords: Interest rate, investment, Jiangsu Province, VECM JEL Codes: E40, E20, C22 INTRODUCTION Changes in interest rates can refl ect the basic situation of the operation of macro economy; it also eff ects all the macroeconomic variables such as GDP, price level, the level of employment, international balance of payments, the rate of economic growth, etc. Obviously the interest rate is an important economic variable that plays an important role in both macro and micro economy activity. Th erefore, a change in interest rates is one of the main factors to judge the macroeconomic situation and the interest rate trend analysis is the main method to predict the macroscopic economic situation. Western economists believe that the market rate of interest, the total social savings and investment are closely linked. Th erefore, the current interest rates aff ect the investment activities. At the same time, current interest rates also aff ect the scale of investment in the future by adjusting the savings. If the interest rate rises, bond prices fall, if the interest rate falls, bond prices rise. Th e infl uence of interest rate on investment scale is operate as the opportunity cost of investment on total investment, Under the condition of unchanged in investment income, the rising interest rates increase the cost of investment and then inevitably cause lower income investors to withdraw from the area of investment, so that the demand for investment is reduced. However, falling interest rates means that investment costs decline, thereby stimulating investment and the total social investments increase. Received: February, 2015 1st Revision: April, 2015 Accepted: May, 2015 DOI: 10.14254/2071- 8330.2015/8-1/7 Th e eff ect of interest rate on investment; Empirical evidence of Jiangsu Province, China Wuhan, Li Suyuan, Adnan Khurshid “Th e eff ect of interest rate on investment; Empirical evidence of Jiangsu Province, China”, Journal of International Studies, Vol. 8, No 1, 2015, pp. 81-90. DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2015/8-1/7 Journal .

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8. On the likely aftermath and long term effects of the coronavirus outbreak on business and society (Module 12) This discussion board is devoted to the likely aftermath and long term consequences of the coronavirus for business and society. We will be posting some reading material related to this topic in Module 12. respond 1 Effects of the Coronavirus Outbreak on Business and Society The coronavirus outbreak has not only led to a massive loss of life globally but also altered social and economic structures in a manner that will persist for a long time. As the pandemic continues devastating communities across the globe, wealth has emerged as the best defense against catastrophes. Wealthy individuals have invested in systems that allow them to work from home to minimize interactions and avoid contracting the virus (Bonacini et al., 2021). Less wealthy individuals cannot afford to stay at home because most of them rely on daily wages to meet their basic needs. Additionally, low-income earners might not avoid interactions because most of them live in places with crowded housing. Moreover, Covid-19 has increased the health burden on low-income earners while decreasing job opportunities. Therefore, the pandemic is likely to exacerbate the economic inequality in society because the rich are amassing more wealth while the poor are suffering from high unemployment. Besides increasing inequality, the pandemic will transform working habits in the future owing to company responses to regulations aimed at curbing the virus’s spread. At the onset of Covid-19, governments established regulations to restrict people's movement. These rules have changed business practices, promoting working from home and demonstrating the importance of technology in the corporate world. The change from working in offices to operating from home is likely to be permanent because most employers are beginning to question the purpose of a workplace. Over time, companies will establish effective policies to facilitate working from home, making it the new norm in business. Likewise, organizations will embrace technology more to serve customers who have shifted to online shopping to decrease physical interactions. Reference Bonacini, L., Gallo, G., & Scicchitano, S. (2021). Working from home and income inequality: Risks of a ‘new normal’ with COVID-19. Journal of Population Economics, 34 (1), 303-360. respond 2 ong Term Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Society As we can and have seen, there have been and will continue to be long-term effects on how COVID-19 can and will impact business and society moving forward. Businesses will likely see a resurgence of possible re-closings. Depending on where you're located in our country, many businesses that were able to re-open may have to close again due to sparks in new COVID-19 cases. While it seems more people are no becoming vaccinated, the likelihood of this is still very evident. Many companies have learned from ini.

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8-1 Discussion: Immigration Laws It is a violation of the immigration laws to “bring” an illegal alien into the United States. Can a defendant who does not essentially or technically cross the border with an illegal alien be found guilty under these laws? What must the prosecution prove? Review the posts of your fellow learners and respond to at least two. In your response posts, you must do one or more of the following: Ask an analytical question. Offer a suggestion. Elaborate on a particular point. Provide an alternative opinion supported with research. Be sure to support your initial post and follow-up posts with scholarly examples from the module readings and additional literature where appropriate. You must cite all references according to APA style. To complete this assignment, review the Discussion Rubric document. .

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776! CHAPTER 26 Rococo to Neoclassicism: The 18th Century in Europe and America appealed greatly to Watteau’s wealthy patrons, whom, even as he was dying from tuberculosis, he still depicted as carefree and at leisure in his most unusual painting, Signboard of Gersaint (!"#. 26-7B). François Boucher. A$er Watteau’s death brought his bril- liant career to a premature end at age 36, F%&'()"* B)+,-.% (1703–1770) rose to the dominant position in French painting, in large part because he was Madame de Pompadour’s favorite artist. Although Boucher was an excellent portraitist, his success rested primarily on his canvases depicting shepherds, nymphs, and god- desses gracefully cavorting in shady glens engulfed in pink and sky-blue light. Cupid a Captive (!"#. 26-8) presents a rosy pyramid of infant and female /esh set o0 against a cool, leafy background, with /uttering draperies both hiding and revealing the nudity of the 1gures. Boucher used the full range of Italian and French Baroque devices—the dynamic play of crisscrossing diagonals, curvilinear forms, and slanting recessions—to create his master- ful composition. But he dissected powerful Baroque curves into a multiplicity of decorative /ourishes, dissipating Baroque drama into sensual playfulness. Lively and lighthearted, Boucher’s artful Rococo In Pilgrimage to Cythera (!"#. 26-7), luxuriously costumed lovers make a “pilgrimage” to Cythera, the island of eternal youth and love, sacred to Aphrodite. (Some art historians think that the lovers are returning from Cythera rather than having just arrived. Watteau provided few clues to settle the question de1nitively.) 2e elegant 1gures move gracefully from the protective shade of a woodland park 1lled with play- ful cupids and voluptuous statuary. 2e poses of the 1gures, which blend elegance and sweetness, are hallmarks of Watteau’s style, both in ambitious multi1gure compositions such as Pilgrimage to Cythera and in single-1gure studies such as L’Indi!érent (!"#. 26-7A). Watteau prepared his paintings using albums of draw- ings in which he sought to capture slow movement from di3cult and unusual angles, searching for the smoothest, most poised, and most re1ned attitudes. As he experimented with nuances of posture and movement, Watteau also strove for the most exquisite shades of color di0erence, de1ning in a single stroke the shimmer of silk at a bent knee or the shine appearing on a glossy surface as it emerges from shadow. 2e haze of color, the subtly modeled shapes, the gliding motion, and the air of suave gentility tinged with nostalgia 26-7B WATTEAU, Signboard of Gersaint, 1721. 26-7 A!"#$!% W&""%&', Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717. Oil on canvas, 49 30 ( 69 4 120. Musée du Louvre, Paris. Watteau’s fête galante paintings depict the outdoor amusements of French upper-class society. The haze of color suited the new Rococo taste and was the hallmark of the Royal Academy’s Rubénistes. 26-7A WATT.

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8 | New Scientist | 4 January 2020 THE tropics are the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Now there is evidence that they are also the main source of evolutionary innovation and diversity. Complex animals have dominated Earth for 541 million years, a time span called the Phanerozoic eon. Huge numbers of species have evolved and gone extinct during this time, in a complex story that includes fish, giant reptiles and whales. However, in the 1980s palaeontologist John Sepkoski analysed the overall pattern of evolution in the sea, where the fossil record is best. He concluded that marine evolutionary history could be broken down into three supergroups, which he called “great evolutionary faunas”. The first group was dominated by trilobites, which resembled woodlice, and bristle worms; the second by shellfish-like creatures called brachiopods; and the third by molluscs, which have persisted to the present day. Other animals like land mammals probably followed similar patterns, but their fossil record isn’t complete enough for us to know. Now, by analysing nearly 18,300 marine genera from the Phanerozoic fossil record, Alexis Rojas-Briceno of Umeå University in Sweden and his colleagues have found that the evolution of complex marine life is best described using four great groups of fauna, not three (bioRxiv, doi.org/dg98). The first supergroup existed between 541 and 494 million years ago, spanning the Cambrian explosion in which many animal groups first emerged. As in the original analysis, trilobites dominated. The second supergroup, dubbed the Palaeozoic, lasted from 494 to 252 million years ago. Creatures with hard outer shells were now widespread, including brachiopods. This phase ended when the end- Permian extinction wiped out almost all complex life on Earth. This matches Sepkoski’s analysis, but the new study splits his third great fauna into two. In this version, the third supergroup is called the Mesozoic. It began in the wake of the Permian extinction and ended 129 million years ago, in the middle of the dinosaur era. This time cephalopods, the group that includes squid and octopuses, were the rulers. The fourth and final supergroup, the Cenozoic, is still dominant today. During this time, clams and snails have made up much of the diversity. The team found that all four supergroups originated in the tropics, then expanded through the oceans. This is in line with the idea that the tropics are hotbeds of evolutionary innovation, which has been promoted by David Jablonski at the University of Chicago. It may be that the warmer temperatures and ample sunlight ensure there is plenty of food to nourish a multitude of species. However, John Alroy at Macquarie University in Australia isn’t convinced. “I have always been sceptical about the out-of-the-tropics hypothesis, because they have never seriously dealt with sampling biases, as far .

8 New Scientist 4 January 2020THE tropics are the most.docx

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7 HYPOTHETICALS AND YOU TESTING YOUR QUESTIONS 7: MEDIA LIBRARY Premium Videos Core Concepts in Stats Video · Probability and Hypothesis Testing Lightboard Lecture Video · Hypothesis Testing Difficulty Scale (don’t plan on going out tonight) WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER · Understanding the difference between a sample and a population · Understanding the importance of the null and research hypotheses · Using criteria to judge a good hypothesis SO YOU WANT TO BE A SCIENTIST You might have heard the term hypothesis used in other classes. You may even have had to formulate one for a research project you did for another class, or you may have read one or two in a journal article. If so, then you probably have a good idea what a hypothesis is. For those of you who are unfamiliar with this often-used term, a hypothesis is basically “an educated guess.” Its most important role is to reflect the general problem statement or question that was the motivation for asking the research question in the first place. That’s why taking the care and time to formulate a really precise and clear research question is so important. This research question will guide your creation of a hypothesis, and in turn, the hypothesis will determine the techniques you will use to test it and answer the question that was originally asked. So, a good hypothesis translates a problem statement or a research question into a format that makes it easier to examine. This format is called a hypothesis. We will talk about what makes a hypothesis a good one later in this chapter. Before that, let’s turn our attention to the difference between a sample and a population. This is an important distinction, because while hypotheses usually describe a population, hypothesis testing deals with a sample and then the results are generalized to the larger population. We also address the two main types of hypotheses (the null hypothesis and the research hypothesis). But first, let’s formally define some simple terms that we have used earlier in Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics. SAMPLES AND POPULATIONS As a good scientist, you would like to be able to say that if Method A is better than Method B in your study, this is true forever and always and for all people in the universe, right? Indeed. And, if you do enough research on the relative merits of Methods A and B and test enough people, you may someday be able to say that. But don’t get too excited, because it’s unlikely you will ever be able to speak with such confidence. It takes too much money ($$$) and too much time (all those people!) to do all that research, and besides, it’s not even necessary. Instead, you can just select a representative sample from the population and test your hypothesis about the relative merits of Methods A and B on that sample. Given the constraints of never enough time and never enough research funds, with which almost all scientists live, the next best strategy is to take a portion of a lar.

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