This document outlines topics related to child and adolescent singing, including psychophysical aspects, vocal parameters, physiology and anatomy, and pedagogy. It discusses pitch perception, tonal memory, vocal coordination, vocal registers, range, tessitura, breathing, phonation, resonation, articulation, and the changing voice. The document also provides a brief history of singing instruction for children from the 1800s to present, covering influential figures and their contributions.

1. NAJERA/MuEd144
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2. Child and Adolescent Singers GENERAL OUTLINE
PSYCHOPHYSICAL ASPECT
VOCAL PARAMETERS
PHYSIOLOGY & ANATOMY
PEDAGOGY
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3. Child and Adolescent Singers PSYCHOPHYSICAL ASPECTS
 PITCH PERCEPTION
TONAL MEMORY
VOCAL COORDINATION
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4. Child and Adolescent Singers VOCAL PARAMETERS
Vocal Registers
Vocal Quality
Range & Tessitura
Changing Voice
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5. Child and Adolescent Singers
PHYSIOLOGY & ANATOMY
Bodily Alignment & Posture
Breathing
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation
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6. PEDAGOGY
1. SONG APPROACH
Emphasis on expression
Song as vehicle for instruction
Child and Adolescent Singers
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7. PEDAGOGY
2.PSYCHOMOTOR APPROACH
Child and Adolescent Singers
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8. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 Lowell Mason in 1834
Father of singing in America
First formal inclusion of music in Boston public schools ,1838
music literacy& proper vocal production
Francis Howard
-”The Child-Voice in Singing” (1895)
E. Curtis
Palmer-Curtis series
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9. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 Emil Behnke & Lennox Browne
 -The Child Voice (1885); English tradition of choirboy training
John Dawson
-The Voice of the Boy (1902)
Voice Culture for Children (1907)
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10. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 Frank Rix (1909)
-used natural activities
-Thaddeus Giddings (1919)
-yelling and crying, a good starting point
Change in Philosophy (1930)
-music instruction centered on song for art’s sake
Advocates of Vocal Technique (1977- present)

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11. HISTORY
The Tiples de Santo Domingo founded in 1587.
Oldest established children’s choir
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12. HISTORY
Las Piñas Boys Choir, 1969
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13. Child and Adolescent Singers PHYSIOLOGY
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•POWER SOURCE?
•Breath
•SOUND SOURCE?
•Larynx
•RESONATOR?
•Vocal tract
•ARTICULATOR?
•articulators

14. POWER SOURCE
Abdominal muscles
diaphragm
lungs
Intercostal muscles
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15. Sound source-Larynx
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16. Sound source-Larynx
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17. Sound source-Larynx
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18. Sound source-Larynx
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GLOTTIS
ARYTENOIDS
FALSE VOCAL FOLDS
VOCAL FOLDS
EPIGLOTTIS
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19. Sound source-Larynx
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20. ANATOMY-Resonator
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21. Articulators
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22. THE GOAL
RELAXED
FREE
HEALTHY
RESONANT TONE
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23. MAIN REFERENCE
McKinney, James C. The Diagnosis & Correction of Vocal Faults : A Manual for Teachers of Singing & for Choir Directors. Waveland Press c1994.
Phillips, Kenneth. Teaching Kids to Sing. Schirmer Books, 1992
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