The document summarizes information about the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador. It describes the park as one of the most biodiverse places in the world due to the large number of species it contains. It notes that two indigenous groups, the Tagaeri and Taromenane, live in voluntary isolation within the park. The document then discusses the environmental, cultural, political, social, and economic impacts of oil industry in the Amazon, and proposes that Ecuador keep the oil reserves under Yasuní National Park untouched in exchange for international contributions, to protect the park's biodiversity and indigenous groups.

1. CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF ECUADOR
FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY
SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES
ENGLISH
Freddy Endara

4. • Most bio-diverse places in the world
• Zone that did not freeze during the last
ice-age.

5. • The forest accommodates the largest number of
species of trees per hectare in the world.

6. • World's richest avian sites.

7. • 200 species of mamals

9. • 62 species of snakes

10. • 150 species of anphibians

11. • 100 millions species of insects

12. • In 1989 UNESCO declared the park a Bio-
reserve and Cultural Heritage site

13. • 'Untouchable Zone'

15. WAORANI
• Curaray and Napo rivers.

16. Tagaeri and Taromenane
• Voluntary isolation

17. Shuar
• Famous, or infamous, for tzantza
• WAKANI.
• ARUTAM.
• MUISAK.

18. kichwa
• Called themselves Naporunas

20. • Until 1958 the Waorani in
particular had fought
hard.
• Two main indigenous
groups - the Tagaeri and
Taromenane.
• A 420km pipeline was
built right across the
Andes.
• In 1999 the
Constitutional court.
• Southern part of the
Yasuní was declared an
'untouchable zone‘.

21. EFFECTS OF THE OIL INDUSTRY ON
THE AMAZON
• Environmental impacts
• Cultural impacts
• Political impacts
• Social impacts
• Economic impacts

22. • Ishpingo-Tambococha-
Tiputini
• 412 million and a possible
846 million barrels of oil..
• 1 barrel of oil there can be
10 barrels of waste.

23. • 846 millions barrels of crude (20%).
• 407 millions metric tons of carbon.
• Produces 4 barrels of water for each
barrel of oil.

24. Benefits
• Non CO2 emition about 407 metric ton
• Non explotation
• The conservation (39 additional parks).

25. • Reforestation of a 1’000.000
hectares.

26. • Country’s transition from an
extractive economy .
– Use of renewable energy sources.

27. – Respect for diversity
– Increased social equity.

28. CERTIFICATE OF GUARANTEE (CGY´S)
• Financial instrument .
• All income will be deposited in an
international trust fund.

29. • Contributions of countries from all over
the world.

30. CONCLUSIONS
• The proposal will help to keep and preserve this unique and
most bio-diverse places in the world.
• Non emission into the atmospheres of 407 millions of tons
of CO2
• Guarantee non exploitation of petroleum reserves.
• The conservation of this immense biological richness, along
with the conservation of 39 additional parks.
• Respect for the cultures of the indigenous tribes, who live
in isolation.
• Reforestation of 1’000.000 hectares.
• A decisive impulse to the country’s transition from an
extractive economy based on petroleum
exploitation, towards a more sustainable development
model:
– Use of renewable energy sources.
Hydroelectric, geothermal and solar power.
– Respect for diversity
– Increased social equity.

31. VOCABULARY
• Watershed:
• Proposal:
• Spans:
• Pledge:
• Bats:
• Mining:
• Logging:
• Tamper:
• Foragers:
• Boundaries:
• Fled:
• Shrinking:
• re-drawn:
• revenue:
• embodied:
cuenca
propuesta
Los tramos
Compromiso
Los murciélagos
Minería
el registro
manipular
cazadores-
recolectores
límites
huyó
contracción
re-dibujado
ingresos
incorporado