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2013 GISCO Track, Measuring Changes to Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches and Their Effects on Nesting Success Using LiDAR Data by Kristina Yamamoto
1) The study used LiDAR data from 1999, 2004, and 2006 to measure changes in morphology of sea turtle nesting beaches over time and examine the effects on nesting success. 2) Beach volume and characteristics like elevation, slope, and roughness varied individually between beaches and years with weak correlations between changes. 3) Changes in minimum elevation, maximum slope, and roughness were linked to some effects on loggerhead and green sea turtle nesting success but relationships were small. 4) Beach morphology changes did not wholly impact sea turtle nesting success and beaches behaved individually rather than following geographic or orientation patterns.
2013 GISCO Track, Measuring Changes to Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches and Their Effects on Nesting Success Using LiDAR Data by Kristina Yamamoto
- 1. Measuring changes tosea turtle nesting beaches and their effects on nesting success using LiDAR data Kristina Yamamoto, PhD http://surfspots-gps.com
- 2. Current Knowledge/Limitations • Greenturtles – like vegetation • Leatherbacks and loggerheads – do not like vegetation • Multiple beaches – rarity • Beach as a whole – rarity • Morphological features – rare • Studies over time - rare
- 3. LiDAR Background pitch roll z y x yaw z y x • Lasersignals sent as pulses from typically in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near infrared (NIR)
- 4.
- 5. Study Species: Loggerhead •Caretta caretta • Big head http://www.supergreenme.com/data/images/27/500x333_Loggerhead_Sea_Turtle-Georgia-Aquarium.jpg /
- 6. Study Species: Green •Chelonia mydas • Soup turtle http://greatescapetravel.com/
- 7. Study Species: Leatherback •Dermochelys coriacea • Half the size of a VW beetle http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/reptiles/turtles/leatherback-sea-turtle/leatherback-seaturtle2.jpg/
- 8. Study Area One ofthe largest loggerhead rookeries in the world, one of the largest green turtle nesting areas in the Atlantic ,and the only continuously used nesting area in the continental United States for leatherbacks
- 9. Study Data Name Dates LiDAR topo:Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) II 1999 LIDAR topo/bathy: Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTX) using the Compact Hydrographic Airborne Rapid Total Survey (CHARTS) system 2004, 2006 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission nesting data 1999-2008
- 10. Current Knowledge/Limitations • Greenturtles – like vegetation • Leatherbacks and loggerheads – do not like vegetation • Multiple beaches – rarity • Beach as a whole – rarity • Morphological features – rare • Studies over time - rare
- 11. Methods • 1999, 2004,and 2006 LiDAR data compared • How do sea turtle nesting beaches change over time? • How does this affect sea turtle nesting success? 1999 2004 2006
- 12. Methods Variables to beCompared Between Beaches Volume Elevation Slope Beach length, width, area Orientation Aspect Surface roughness Pixel position
- 13. Change to BeachVariables • How does the volume of beaches change over time? • Is there a geographic or morphologic pattern? 1999 2004 2006
- 14. Results: Changes toBeach Variables Beach Boca Raton Beaches Deerfield/Hillsboro Beaches Delray Beach Ft Lauderdale Beach Golden Beach Gulfstream Gulfstream Park Hollywood/Hallandale Beach John U. Lloyd Beach State Park Kreusler Park Lake Worth Municipal Beach Lantana Macarthur State Park Ocean Inlet Park Ocean Reef Park Pompano/Lauderdale-by-the-Sea Singer Island Sloan's Curve 1999 Volume 0.656 0.654 0.607 0.988 0.143 0.101 0.005 0.626 0.268 0.040 0.022 0.009 0.134 0.025 0.001 1.418 0.102 0.040 2004 Volume 0.813 0.660 0.615 1.193 0.170 0.099 0.006 0.743 0.275 0.035 0.022 0.010 0.199 0.035 0.001 1.934 0.108 0.053 2006 Volume 0.881 0.035 0.708 1.006 0.146 0.136 0.006 0.411 0.284 0.025 0.021 0.007 0.265 0.038 0.011 1.916 0.213 0.079 • No geographic pattern or orientation correlation with beach change in volume
- 15. 2: Beach Changeover Time Change to Beach Variables Is the difference in the amount of sand present in a beach related to change in other beach characteristics? 1999 2004 2006
- 16. 2: Beach Changeover Time Results: Changes to Beach Variables • Weak correlations to change in volume with change in other variables Variable Change in minimum elevation Change in maximum elevation Change in maximum slope Change in average slope Change in minimum TPI Change in maximum TPI Change in standard deviation of TPI Change in standard deviation of rugosity R2 Variable coefficient 0.31 -88940.26 0.18 44982.07 0.21 8490.37 0.13 33350.83 0.22 -113775.60 0.20 55026.90 0.15 183321.30 0.16 3058584.90
- 17. 2: Beach Changeover Time Results: Changes to Beach Variables • For minimum elevation, 90% of the beaches decreased their minimum elevation between 1999 and 2004 • 83% gained between 2004 and 2005 • Similar trends seen for standard deviation of elevation, maximum slope, and minimum and standard deviation of TPI
- 18. 2: Beach Changeover Time Change to Beach Variables How do changes to beach morphology affect nesting success? 1999 2004 2006
- 19. 2: Beach Changeover Time Results: Change in nesting success Caretta caretta Variable R2 Change in minimum elevation Variable coefficient Change in maximum slope 0.184 0.158 7.435 -0.809 Change in minimum TPI 0.113 8.919 Change in maximum TPI 0.229 6.400 Chelonia mydas Variable Change in mean TPI R2 Variable coefficient 0.210 645.121
- 20. 2: Beach Changeover Time Conclusion • Broad generalizations about the effects of beach volume changes to a beach’s morphology cannot be made for this study area – beaches act as individuals • Nesting success for Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta were not wholly affected by the observed changes to their nesting beaches