XYZ stock price and dividend history are as follows Year Beginning-.pdf
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XYZ stock price and dividend history are as follows: Year Beginning-of-Year Price Dividend Paid at Year-End 2010 $ 140 $ 4 2011 $ 159 $ 4 2012 $ 132 $ 4 2013 $ 137 $ 4 An investor buys five shares of XYZ at the beginning of 2010, buys another three shares at the beginning of 2011, sells one share at the beginning of 2012, and sells all seven remaining shares at the beginning of 2013. a. What are the arithmetic and geometric average time-weighted rates of return for the investor? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Arithmetic mean 2.93 % Geometric mean 2.08 % b-1. Prepare a chart of cash flows for the four dates corresponding to the turns of the year for January 1, 2010, to January 1, 2013. (Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.) Date Cash Flow 1/1/2010 $ -700 1/1/2011 -457 1/1/2012 164 1/1/2013 987 b-2. What is the dollar-weighted rate of return? (Hint: If your calculator cannot calculate internal rate of return, you will have to use a spreadsheet or trial and error.) (Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.) Rate of return % Solution a) Year Beginning-of-Year Price Dividend Paid at Year-End 2010 $140.00 $4.00 2011 $159.00 $4.00 2012 $132.00 $4.00 2013 $137.00 $4.00 Return = [(Capital Gains + Dividend)/Price] Year 2010-2011 (($159 - $140)+$4)/$140 16.43% Year 2011- 2012 (($132 - $159)+$4)/$132 -14.47% Year 2012-2013 (($137 - $132)+$4)/$132 6.82% Arithmetic mean: = (16.43%+(14.47%)+6.82%)/3 2.93% Geometric Mean Return 1+ return% 16.43% 1.164 -14.47% 0.855 6.82% 1.068 Geometric Mean =( (1.164 x .855 x 1.068)^(1/3 ))-1 2.08% b-1. Prepare a chart of cash flows for the four dates corresponding to the turns of the year for January 1, 2010, to January 1,2013. Date 1/1/2010 1/1/2011 1/1/2012 1/1/2013 Cash Flow -$700.00 -$457.00 $164.00 $987.00 Date Cash Flow 1/1/2010 -$700.00 Purchase of 5 shares at $140 per share 1/1/2011 - $457.00 Purchase of 3 shares at $159, plus dividend income on 5 shares held 1/1/2012 $164.00 Sale of 1 share at $132, plus dividend income on 8 shares held 1/1/2013 $987.00 Sale of 7 share at $137, plus dividend income on 7 shares held b-2 Date Cash Flow 1/1/2010 -$700.00 1/1/2011 -$457.00 1/1/2012 $164.00 1/1/2013 $987.00 IRR = Rate of Return 0.21%.
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![XYZ stock price and dividend history are as follows: Year Beginning-of-Year Price Dividend
Paid at Year-End 2010 $ 140 $ 4 2011 $ 159 $ 4 2012 $ 132 $ 4 2013 $ 137 $ 4 An investor buys
five shares of XYZ at the beginning of 2010, buys another three shares at the beginning of 2011,
sells one share at the beginning of 2012, and sells all seven remaining shares at the beginning of
2013. a. What are the arithmetic and geometric average time-weighted rates of return for the
investor? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Arithmetic mean 2.93 % Geometric mean 2.08 % b-1. Prepare a chart of cash flows for the four
dates corresponding to the turns of the year for January 1, 2010, to January 1, 2013. (Negative
amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.) Date Cash Flow 1/1/2010 $ -700 1/1/2011 -457
1/1/2012 164 1/1/2013 987 b-2. What is the dollar-weighted rate of return? (Hint: If your
calculator cannot calculate internal rate of return, you will have to use a spreadsheet or trial and
error.) (Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 4 decimal
places.) Rate of return %
Solution
a) Year Beginning-of-Year Price Dividend Paid at Year-End 2010 $140.00 $4.00
2011 $159.00 $4.00 2012 $132.00 $4.00 2013 $137.00 $4.00 Return = [(Capital
Gains + Dividend)/Price] Year 2010-2011 (($159 - $140)+$4)/$140 16.43% Year 2011-
2012 (($132 - $159)+$4)/$132 -14.47% Year 2012-2013 (($137 - $132)+$4)/$132 6.82%
Arithmetic mean: = (16.43%+(14.47%)+6.82%)/3 2.93% Geometric Mean Return
1+ return% 16.43% 1.164 -14.47% 0.855 6.82% 1.068 Geometric Mean =(
(1.164 x .855 x 1.068)^(1/3 ))-1 2.08% b-1. Prepare a chart of cash flows for the four
dates corresponding to the turns of the year for January 1, 2010, to January 1,2013.
Date 1/1/2010 1/1/2011 1/1/2012 1/1/2013 Cash Flow -$700.00 -$457.00 $164.00 $987.00
Date Cash Flow 1/1/2010 -$700.00 Purchase of 5 shares at $140 per share 1/1/2011 -
$457.00 Purchase of 3 shares at $159, plus dividend income on 5 shares held 1/1/2012
$164.00 Sale of 1 share at $132, plus dividend income on 8 shares held 1/1/2013 $987.00
Sale of 7 share at $137, plus dividend income on 7 shares held b-2 Date Cash Flow
1/1/2010 -$700.00 1/1/2011 -$457.00 1/1/2012 $164.00 1/1/2013 $987.00
IRR = Rate of Return 0.21%](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xyzstockpriceanddividendhistoryareasfollowsyearbeginning-230703110144-3eb38427/85/XYZ-stock-price-and-dividend-history-are-as-follows-Year-Beginning-pdf-1-320.jpg)
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Cash Flows for Stockholders
• If you own a share of stock, you can receive
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• As with bonds, the price of the stock is the
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7-2
One Period Example
• Suppose you are thinking of purchasing the
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7-3
One Period Example
• D1 = $2 dividend expected in one year
• R = 20%
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• CF1 = $2 + $14 = $16
• Compute the PV of the expected cash flows
33.13$
20.1
)142(
P
0
Note, the calculation can also be done as:
FV = 14; PMT = 2; I/Y = 20; N = 1; CPT PV = -13.33
Slide 4
7-4
Two Period Example
• What if you decide to hold the stock for two years?
– In addition to the dividend in one year, you expect a
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$14.70 at the end of year 2.
– Now how much would you be willing to pay?
33.13$
)20.1(
)70.1410.2(
20.1
2
P
20
Calculator: CF0 = 0; C01 = 2; F01 = 1; C02 = 16.80; F02 = 1; NPV; I =
20; CPT NPV = 13.33
We can use uneven cash flow keys.
Slide 5
7-5
Three Period Example
• What if you decide to hold the stock for three
years?
– In addition to the dividends at the end of years 1 and 2,
you expect to receive a dividend of $2.205 at the end of
year 3 and the stock price is expected to be $15.435.
– Now how much would you be willing to pay?
33.13$
)20.1(
)435.15205.2(
)20.1(
10.2
20.1
2
P
320
Calcultator: CF0 = 0; C01 = 2; F01 = 1; C02 = 2.10; F02 = 1; C03 = 17.64;
F03 = 1; NPV; I = 20; CPT NPV = 13.33
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Devel.
Financial ManagementGRADE 39This is.docx
Financial Management
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This is the planning, organization and control of financial activities in business premises. This function in estimating capital requirements, determining capital composition, the source of funds, where the funds should be invested and management of the surplus finances. This is done with the aim resource efficiency, accountability, counter competition and plan on long-term financial sustainability.
1. Financial Statements and Ratios
(a) Accounts receivable for 2015 is given by;
Current assets – (cash and marketable securities + inventory)
= (1542) $ - (427+815) $ = $300
(b) Accounts payable for 2014 is given by;
= current liabilities – (notes payable + accrued wages and taxes)
= (997) $ - (421+257) $ = $319
(c) Gross plant and equipment for 2015 is given by;
= net plant and equipment – depreciation
= $2872 - $368 = $2504
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= long term liabilities – current liabilities
= $2956 - $ 997 = $1959
(e) Common stock and paid-in surplus (250 million shares) for 2014 is given by;
= total equity – (preferred stock + retained earnings)
= (1472) $ – (30+1142) $ = $300
(f) Total FA for 2015 is given by;
= net plant and equipment – other long term assets
= $2872 + $521 = $3393
(g) Net sales for 2015 is given by;
Gross profits – cost of goods sold
= $1623 + $753 = $2376
(h) Less cost of goods sold in 2014 is given by;
Net sales – other operating expenses
= $2018 - $1189 = $829
(i) Less interest for 2015 is given by;
= earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) – Earnings before taxes (EBT)
= $1086 - $949 = $137
(j) Less taxes for 2015 is given by;
= earnings before taxes (EBT) – net income
= $946 - $664 = $285
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= Net income available to common stock holders divided by addition to retained income
= $566/$347 = $1.63
(l) Dividends per share (DPS) for 2014 is given by;
= common stock dividends divided by addition to retained income less preferred stock dividends
= $(199)/$(249 – 98) = $1.32
(m) Book value per share (BVPS) for 2015 is given by;
= net sales divided by shares outstanding
= $2376/$445 = $5.34
(n) Net income
Since; EBITDA = Gross profit – selling, general and administrative expenses,
EBIT = EBITDA – depreciation+ amortization expenses.
EBT = EBIT – interest expenses
Net income = EBT – tax expenses.
= $664
(o) Increase in accrued wages and taxes is given by;
= accrued wages recorded at the start – accrued wages recorded at the end
= $309 - $257 = $52
(p) Increase in inventory is given by;
Inventory at the opening of a balance sheet – inventory recorded at the close of a balance sheet.
= $815 - $797 = $18
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EBIT + depreciation = cash flow from operating activities
= $114 + $1086 = $1200
(r) Increase in other long term assets is given by;
= Long term assets at the start – long term assets at the close of a balance sheet
$521 - $487 = $34
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Slide 1 7-1Cash Flows for Stockholders• If you o.docx
Slide 1
7-1
Cash Flows for Stockholders
• If you own a share of stock, you can receive
cash in two ways
The company pays dividends
You sell your shares, either to another investor in
the market or back to the company
• As with bonds, the price of the stock is the
present value of these expected cash flows
Dividends → cash income
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The goal of financial management is to maximize stock prices, so an understanding of what determines
share values is obviously a key concern. The dividends currently being paid are one of the primary factors
we look at when we attempt to value common stocks. This module explores dividends, stock values, and
the connection between the two.
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Second, the life of the investment is essentially forever, since common stock has no maturity.
Third, there is no way to easily observe the rate of return that the market requires.
However, we can come up with the present value of the future cash flows for a share of stock making some
assumptions.
Slide 2
7-2
One Period Example
• Suppose you are thinking of purchasing the
stock of Moore Oil, Inc.
– You expect it to pay a $2 dividend in one year
– You believe you can sell the stock for $14 at that
time.
– You require a return of 20% on investments of this
risk
– What is the maximum you would be willing to
pay?
Slide 3
7-3
One Period Example
• D1 = $2 dividend expected in one year
• R = 20%
• P1 = $14
• CF1 = $2 + $14 = $16
• Compute the PV of the expected cash flows
33.13$
20.1
)142(
P
0
Note, the calculation can also be done as:
FV = 14; PMT = 2; I/Y = 20; N = 1; CPT PV = -13.33
Slide 4
7-4
Two Period Example
• What if you decide to hold the stock for two years?
– In addition to the dividend in one year, you expect a
dividend of $2.10 in two years and a stock price of
$14.70 at the end of year 2.
– Now how much would you be willing to pay?
33.13$
)20.1(
)70.1410.2(
20.1
2
P
20
Calculator: CF0 = 0; C01 = 2; F01 = 1; C02 = 16.80; F02 = 1; NPV; I =
20; CPT NPV = 13.33
We can use uneven cash flow keys.
Slide 5
7-5
Three Period Example
• What if you decide to hold the stock for three
years?
– In addition to the dividends at the end of years 1 and 2,
you expect to receive a dividend of $2.205 at the end of
year 3 and the stock price is expected to be $15.435.
– Now how much would you be willing to pay?
33.13$
)20.1(
)435.15205.2(
)20.1(
10.2
20.1
2
P
320
Calcultator: CF0 = 0; C01 = 2; F01 = 1; C02 = 2.10; F02 = 1; C03 = 17.64;
F03 = 1; NPV; I = 20; CPT NPV = 13.33
Slide 6
7-6
Devel.
Financial ManagementGRADE 39This is.docx
Financial Management
GRADE: 39%
This is the planning, organization and control of financial activities in business premises. This function in estimating capital requirements, determining capital composition, the source of funds, where the funds should be invested and management of the surplus finances. This is done with the aim resource efficiency, accountability, counter competition and plan on long-term financial sustainability.
1. Financial Statements and Ratios
(a) Accounts receivable for 2015 is given by;
Current assets – (cash and marketable securities + inventory)
= (1542) $ - (427+815) $ = $300
(b) Accounts payable for 2014 is given by;
= current liabilities – (notes payable + accrued wages and taxes)
= (997) $ - (421+257) $ = $319
(c) Gross plant and equipment for 2015 is given by;
= net plant and equipment – depreciation
= $2872 - $368 = $2504
(d) Long term debt for 2014 is given by;
= long term liabilities – current liabilities
= $2956 - $ 997 = $1959
(e) Common stock and paid-in surplus (250 million shares) for 2014 is given by;
= total equity – (preferred stock + retained earnings)
= (1472) $ – (30+1142) $ = $300
(f) Total FA for 2015 is given by;
= net plant and equipment – other long term assets
= $2872 + $521 = $3393
(g) Net sales for 2015 is given by;
Gross profits – cost of goods sold
= $1623 + $753 = $2376
(h) Less cost of goods sold in 2014 is given by;
Net sales – other operating expenses
= $2018 - $1189 = $829
(i) Less interest for 2015 is given by;
= earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) – Earnings before taxes (EBT)
= $1086 - $949 = $137
(j) Less taxes for 2015 is given by;
= earnings before taxes (EBT) – net income
= $946 - $664 = $285
(k) Earnings per share (EPS) for 2015 is given by;
= Net income available to common stock holders divided by addition to retained income
= $566/$347 = $1.63
(l) Dividends per share (DPS) for 2014 is given by;
= common stock dividends divided by addition to retained income less preferred stock dividends
= $(199)/$(249 – 98) = $1.32
(m) Book value per share (BVPS) for 2015 is given by;
= net sales divided by shares outstanding
= $2376/$445 = $5.34
(n) Net income
Since; EBITDA = Gross profit – selling, general and administrative expenses,
EBIT = EBITDA – depreciation+ amortization expenses.
EBT = EBIT – interest expenses
Net income = EBT – tax expenses.
= $664
(o) Increase in accrued wages and taxes is given by;
= accrued wages recorded at the start – accrued wages recorded at the end
= $309 - $257 = $52
(p) Increase in inventory is given by;
Inventory at the opening of a balance sheet – inventory recorded at the close of a balance sheet.
= $815 - $797 = $18
(q) Net cash flow from operating activities
EBIT + depreciation = cash flow from operating activities
= $114 + $1086 = $1200
(r) Increase in other long term assets is given by;
= Long term assets at the start – long term assets at the close of a balance sheet
$521 - $487 = $34
(s) Net cas ...
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Math 034 First Letter of Last Name Homework #8 .docx
Math 034 First Letter of Last Name
Homework #8 Full Name ___________________________
Due Wednesday 11/4/15 Section _____________________________
1. (Section 7.3) On the basis of how long he has until retirement and his comfort with investment risk, Bill has
decided that he wants to allocate the money in his retirement account as follows: 70% to equities, 25% to fixed
income, and 5% to cash.
a. If he assumes that each asset class provides the low end of the rates of return shown in the table in
Example #1 in the PowerPoint slides from Section 7.3, what overall rate of return would he expect to
earn over the long term?
b. If he assumes that each asset class provides the high end rate of return, what overall rate of return
would he expect to earn over the long term?
2. (Section 7.3) The Northern Tier Real Estate Fund has $84,324,980 in assets and 1,009,880 shares. If Ruth owns
76.387 shares of this fund, what is the value of her investment?
3. (Section 7.3) The net asset value of a mutual fund is $139.56. The fund charges a 2% load. How many shares
will you own if you invest $11,000 in this fund?
4. (Section 7.3) One November 1, 2009, the net asset value of the Phillips International Fund was $52.43. On
November 1, 2015, the net asset value was $28.12. If all dividends were reinvested, each share of the fund on
November 1, 2009 would have grown to 2.486 shares on November 1, 2015. Calculate the average annual rate
of return.
5. (Section 7.3) A mutual fund had annual returns of +10%, +9%, -4%, -8%, and +3% in each of the past 5 years.
What was the average rate of return over this period?
6. (Section 7.3) Two years ago, an investment you made in a mutual fund was worth $7,500.00. Today it is worth
$6,195.35. When you complain to your fund manager, he indicates that your annual rate of return for the year
that just ended was 8%. Calculate your annual rate of return for the first year.
7. (Section 8.1) The company you work for provides a lifetime income to its employees on retirement at age 65.
The formula provides 2% for each year of service of the average of the employee’s earnings for the last 3 years
on the job, up to a maximum of 75%. Your company offers employees the choice to retire as early as age 60 or
as late as age 72. Those retiring before age 65 have their calculated benefit reduced by 2.4% for each year they
retire prior to age 65; those retiring later have their benefit increased by 2.2% for each year beyond age 65 that
they work.
a. Suppose you plan to retire this year at age 61. You have 26 years of service to the company and your
last 3 years’ earnings were $55,785, $59,840, and $60,565. Calculate your pension benefit.
b. Suppose you plan to retire this year at age 70. You have 40 years of service to the company and your
last 3 years’ earnings were $67,654, $69,450, and $74,820. Calculate your pension benefit.
8. (Section 8.1) The comp ...
Given below is the partial stockholders equity section of the Balance.docx
Given below is the partial stockholders equity section of the Balance Sheet (as of 12/31/2014) for Toys and Stuff, Inc.
Paid-in-Capital
4% Preferred shares ($100 par) $500,000
Common shares ($1 par) $500,000
Assume that the preferred shares are cumulative, and that no dividends had been paid for 2012 and 2013. If total dividends to be paid for 2014 is $200,000, how much dividends will be paid to the common stockholders?
Please show work.
Solution
Annual Dividend paid to Preferred Stockholders: 500,000 x 4% = $20,000 Per Year
Total Unpaid Preference Dividend for 2012 and 2013 = 20,000 x 2 = $40,000
+ Preference Dividend Payable for 2014 = $20,000
Total Preferred Dividend Payable for 2014 = $60,000
.
Depreciation methods
Engineering Economy.
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Mendez Corporation has 10,000 shares of its $100 par value, 7 percen.pdf
Mendez Corporation has 10,000 shares of its $100 par value, 7 percent cumulative
preferred stock outstanding and 50,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock outstanding.
In Mendez’s first four years of operation, its board of directors paid the following
cash dividends: 2011, none; 2012, $120,000; 2013, $140,000; 2014, $140,000.
Determine the dividends per share and total cash dividends paid to the preferred and
common stockholders during each of the four years.
Solution
The dividends per year on preferred stock = 10,000 x $ 100 x 7 %
= $ 10,000 x $ 100 x 0.07 = $ 70,000
Dividend distribution:
Year
Total Dividend Amount
Preferred
Common
2011
-
-
-
2012
$120,000
$120,000
$0
2013
$140,000
$90,000
$50,000
2014
$140,000
$70,000
$70,000
Explanation:
First dividend is paid to Preferred stock and then excess amount goes to common share holder.
For cumulative preferred stock, any deficiency in dividend, not paid carries over to subsequent
years and is added to that year\'s dividend.
Preferred Dividends unpaid in 2011 = $70,000
Preferred Dividends on 2012 = $70,000 + $ 70,000 = $ 140,000
Preferred Dividends paid in 2012 = $ 120,000
Preferred Dividends shortage on 2012 = $ 20,000
As the Dividend was insufficient for preferred stocks, common stocks holder was not paid any
dividend during 2011 & 2012.
Preferred Dividends paid in 2013 = $ 70,000 + $ 20,000 = $ 90,000
Common Dividends paid in 2013 = $ 140,000 - $ 90,000 = $ 50,000
Preferred Dividends paid in 2014 = $ 70,000
Common Dividends paid in 2014 = $ 140,000 - $ 70,000 = $ 70,000
Computation of Dividends per share:
2011
2012
2013
2014
Preferred Stock (Dividends per share)
$0
$12.00
$9.00
$7.00
Common Stock (Dividends per share)
$0
$0
$1.00
$1.40
Explanation:
Dividends per share = Dividend paid/No. of shares
Year 2012:
Dividends per share for Preferred Stock = $120,000/10,000 = $ 12
Dividend per share for Common Stock = $ 0
Year 2013:
Dividends per share for Preferred Stock = $90,000/10,000 = $ 9
Dividends per share for Common Stock = $ 50,000/50,000 = $ 1
Year 2014:
Dividends per share for Preferred Stock = $70,000 /10,000 = $ 7
Dividends per share for Common Stock = $ 70,000/50,000 = $ 1.40
Year
Total Dividend Amount
Preferred
Common
2011
-
-
-
2012
$120,000
$120,000
$0
2013
$140,000
$90,000
$50,000
2014
$140,000
$70,000
$70,000.
Financial Projections for Investor Presentations - Sept 18 2013
David Fogel of Swifton CFOs presents at McCarter English's series for entrepreneurial ventures
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Maximum 3 points
Please answer the questions below using the directions provided:
· Bonus Problem due in-class ONLY. See your class schedule for date due (papers will not be accepted after class)
· NAME, ID#, and ANSWERSmust be typed in space provided
· To make your answer easy to grade, please use the answer sheet provided at the start of the bonus problem.
· Hand in the answer sheet only.
· Sign your name to state that you did your own work.
**************************************************************************
ANSWER SHEET FOR BONUS #4 (to hand in)
NAME: ____________________________
ID # _______________________
CLASS TIME : ________
SIGNATURE: ____________________
1.Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$_______________ (Amount)
2.$_______________ (Amount)
3.$_______________ (Amount)
4.$_______________ (Amount)
5.Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$_______________ (Amount)
6.$_______________ (Amount)
7.$_______________ (Amount)
8._______________ (Method)
9._______________ (MC answer)
10.$_______________ (Amount)
11.$_______________ (Amount)
12.
$_______________ (Amount)
13.$_______________ (Amount)
14.$_______________ (Amount)
15.$_______________ (Amount)
16.$_______________ (Amount)
17.$_______________ (Amount)
18.$_______________ (Amount)
19.$_______________ (Amount)
20.$_______________ (Amount)
1.
The unadjusted trial balance amount for the Prepaid Rent account on December 31, 2013, is $3,600. The rental is for extra office space for 12 months. The rental started on April 1, 2013 and the $3,600 rental fee was paid on that date. The required adjusting entry on December 31, 2013 would require a
Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$_______________ (Amount)
2. Ned Sales had net credit sales in June of $100,000. On June 30, 2013 (before any adjustments) Accounts receivable are $20,000 and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a $100 debit balance. If Ned Sales estimates bad debt losses as 4% of net credit sales, the net realizable value of the Accounts Receivable AFTER the June 30, 2013 adjusting entry is:
$_______________ (Amount)
3. If Mel Corporation sells 60,000 shares of its new $1 par value common stock to investors for $14 per share, the required journal entry would require a credit to Common Stock for:
$_______________ (Amount)
4. Jen Industries purchased specialized equipment on July 1, 2011, that cost $85,000, has a residual value of $5,000, and a useful life of four years. Jen uses the sum of the year’s digits method. The depreciation expense for the year 2013 is:
$_______________ (Amount)
5.
On September 1, 2013, five months' rent income totaling $5,000 was received on an office rental. The advance collection was originally recorded by a credit to Rental Revenue. The required adjusting entry at December 31, 2013 would require a:
Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$____.
Describe how a selectively permeable membrane is involved in osmosis.pdf
Describe how a selectively permeable membrane is involved in osmosis. Include the role that the
solute concentration plays in the direction of water movement. Now think about how this process
may differ between plant and animal cells. For instance, how might cell walls disrupt the role of
solute concentration and cause one to refute a hypothesis for the direction of water movement
based on water concentration alone?
Solution
Let me first briefly descibe you how does osmosis happen. Consider there are two compartments
contaning a particular solute in a solvent seperated by a semi permeable membrane. If there
exists a solute difference between the two compartments, then solvent moves from the region of
lower conceration (with respect to solute) to higher concentration (with respect to solute) until it
reaches equilibrium. That means semi permeable membrane is permeable to solvent. Now comes
the situation of in vivo (i.e., within the body). The cells, whether from animals or plants are
usually hypertonic in nature that means cells have higher ionic concentration compared to its
external environment (water is the solvent). Then how do these cells maintain such a higher ionic
concentration by refuting the process of osmosis/diffusion. First let us consider the plant cell.
Plant cell has two coverages, namely plasma membrane and cell wall. Cell wall in plant cell is
made up of cellulose and cellulose is a polysacharide provides the rigidity to the cells. Actually,
it is the plasma membrane which does not allow the movement of water molecules to cross based
on gradient of solutes. Let me talk about the cell wall at the end of this answer. What makes that
plasma membrane to refute the law of osmosis ? It is its structural organization. Plasma
membrane is made up of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins mainly. Phospholipids are
oriented in bilayer form facing its hydrophilic (water loving) head at both the ends interacing
with cytoplasma and extracellular environment and its hydrophobic (water hating) tails are
oriented deep within the membrane interacing each other. Plasma membrane of either plant or
animal are highly impermeable to the solutes and water. Permeability of plasma membrane
highly depends on the nature of solutes. If solute is smaller in size and hydrophobic in nature it
diffuses through the membrane quiet easily but it is difficult for the hydrophilic and largge size
solutes. Charge of the solutes also plays the major role. It is not only based on the concentration
gradient but also based on charge gradient. Hence it is known as electrochemical gradient. It is
actually a beautiful mechanism of cells to produce energy required for the cell based on
electrochemical gradient (within mitochondria) And for water, it is difficult to pass through.
There is a term called \"Activation energy\". Energy need to be supplied in order to facilitate the
movement of solutes.Lower the activation energy, lesser the energy required and vica versa.
Comi.
Compare and contrast Eriksons fifth stage of personality developme.pdf
Compare and contrast Erikson\'s fifth stage of personality development and Marcia\'s theory on
identity statuses. Which do you agree with and why?
Solution
Yes , i agree , as the Marcia\'s theory on identity statuses are developed based on Erikson\'s fifth
stage of personality development.
The fifth phase of Erikson\'s life stage hypothesis is identity and role confusion.. Strains for a
juvenile can know him/herself, what s/he will do with his/her life, fitting in gathering sand
encountering things. Knowing him/herself is imperative to a pre-adult in light of the fact that on
the off chance that he or she knows him/herself, his/her capacities, he or she can shape his/her
life as indicated by the properties and capacities that s/he has. Young people take a stab at
encountering things, for example, fitting into social gatherings, encountering things to think
about themselves and capability of their identity regardless of the possibility that they need to go
out on a limb. Accordingly to these strains, these encounters may bring about change in conduct,
identity and look of a youthful. What\'s more, these encounters keep on happening until the pre-
adult get over this identity and role confusion.
In light of Erik Erikson\'s noteworthy work on character and psychosocial improvement in the
1960s, Canadian formative clinician James Marcia refined and amplified Erikson\'s model,
principally concentrating on youthful development. Tending to Erikson\'s thought of character
emergency, Marcia set that the immature stage comprises neither of personality determination
nor personality disarray, but instead how much one has investigated and focused on a personality
in an assortment of life areas from employment, religion, social decisions, sex parts, et cetera.
Marcia\'s hypothesis of character accomplishment contends that two unmistakable parts frame a
juvenile\'s personality: emergency (i. e. a period when one\'s qualities and decisions are being
reexamined) and duty. He characterized a crisis as a period of change where old qualities or
decisions are being reevaluated. The end result of an crisis prompts to a guarantee made to a
specific part or esteem..
Upon developing a semi-structured interview for identity research, Marcia proposed Identity
Statuses of psychological identity development:
· Identity Diffusion –: the status in which the adolescent does no have a feeling of having
options; he or she has not yet made (nor is endeavoring/willing to make) a promise
Identity Foreclosure : the status in which the immature appears to focus on some significant
parts, qualities, or objectives for what\'s to come. Teenagers in this stage have not encountered a
personality emergency. They have a tendency to fit in with the desires of others in regards to
their future (e. g. permitting a parent to decide a profession course) As such, these people have
not investigated a scope of alternatives.
Identity Moratorium – the status in which the juvenile is as of now in a.
Briefly describe the phenomenon of exon shuffling and provide an exa.pdf
Briefly describe the phenomenon of exon shuffling and provide an example of this in living
systems
Solution
exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. in this process 2 or
more exons are from different genes are brought together at a non-homologous site or there is a
duplication in the exons forming new intron-exon structures. exon shuffling takes place by
various processes such as transposon-mediated, cross over between gametes during sexual
recombination or any inappropriate recombinations.
living examples for exon shuffling are metazoans such as Homo sapiens have post-
transcriptional exon shuffling, Drosophila with 39% of gene rearrangements.
during evolution, 1-1 shuffling units were found in Trichoplax adhaerans and Nematostella
vectensis..
Biological Science in the Newsdentify source (internet link) and d.pdf
Biological Science in the News
dentify source (internet link) and date of news.
Write the title of the news article.
Use the D.A.R.E. critical thinking components to discuss article: Define, Analyze, Resolve, and
Evaluate.
Define: What is article about? (do not discuss the important points here)
Analyze: a. Discuss salient/important ideas or points. b. What impact do you think this news has
or will have on you or the world we live in?
Resolve: Generate a few questions that you have about the information.
Evaluate: Is it a controversial or a critical issue that needs more research? Is it information you
think should be more widely publicized? Should any action be taken? by whom? Explain your
thoughts.
Solution
Biological Science in the News
News presents in form of sound, picture, text individually or in combinations. Various studies
reveal that sound, picture or text has significant effects on human’s body and behavior. On the
basis of that, the article has greater potential to discuss the effects of news through biological
aspects. The representation and information of news makes human feel better or worse
accordingly. That feelings and impressions effect the brain of human body significantly which
can measure by the level of hormones like dopamine, serotonine, noradrenaline and others.
These impacts may bring society to feel accountable or no accountable to the particular effects of
news. People live in society and news comes from their interactions. Therefore, it would have
greater impacts to the physiological and behavioral factors of human. Now, scientist, activists,
and researchers are pointing out the possible harmful effects of news. Many news channels are
serving news on dinning plates. They are making the news exclusive and hot. Therefore, it
requires taking a stop on such news and making effective preventions..
An organization called the Repository for Germinal choice in Escondid.pdf
An organization called the Repository for Germinal choice in Escondido, CA once served as a
sperm bank for Nobel Prize winners and others possessing high IQs. Dozens of babies have now
been produced by artificial insemination from the sperm bank. Do you regard this as wise or
unwise, ethic or unethical, foolish or inspired?
Solution
The major rising ethical challenge is the connection between the pre-selection of embryos for
\"babies with high IQ (intelligent quoscent) based on meticulous genetic analysis of sperm
donation & artificial insemination followed by rising discrimination of \"disabled people\".
Therefore, even though, it is a \"wise methodology\" but highly \"unethical\" and foolish due to
chances of occurrence of genetic abnormalities. This ethical problem is associated with selection
of future children based on their low levels of disabilities and abnormalities. The genetic
abnormalities of prenatal baby with any other serious diseases but this method of screening is
leading to reinforcement of disable people discrimination and stigmatization. There is chance of
unintended multiple pregnancy & success rate is lesser. The meticulous ethical factor associated
with donated sperm (for high IQ) via artificial insemination is any presence of sexually
transmitted diseases (HIV etc), genetic disease carriers (sickle cell anemia). This methodology is
regarded as “wise protocol” to those women who are unable to participate in sexual intercourse
followed by sperm implantation into the women fallopian tube for fertilization with egg..
a- Define public goods and common resources. How are they similar an.pdf
a- Define public goods and common resources. How are they similar and how are they different.
Are markets efficient in the presence of public goods and common resources?
b- Why or why not?
Solution
Public goods is a good which is non excludable and non rivalrous. Where use by one individual
doesnot effect the availabilty by others
Common goods are rival but not excludable
Example of public goods are national defense, uncongested nontoll roada
Example of common resource are fish in the ocean, environment etc
Market doesnot effect the public good because the person using it is a free rider. He will think
that others will pay for his good.
There can be a market interuption in common resources as private player can come in and
develop a market for products like pure air and water..
A fin may be manufactured as an integral part of a surface by using .pdf
A fin may be manufactured as an integral part of a surface by using a casting or extrusion
process, or it may be separately brazed or adhered to the surface. From thermal considerations
which option is preferred?
Solution
When fins are manufactured as a integral part of a surface by using casting or extrusion process,
then due to more conductive heat transfer, it is more acceptable..
Which of the following statements is false Financial accounting mus.pdf
Which of the following statements is false? Financial accounting must conform to GAAP. There
is no overlap between financial and managerial accounting. Managerial accounting sometimes
relies on past information. Managerial accounting does not need to conform to GAAP
Solution
The false statement is
Managerial accounting sometimes relies on past information
(other statements are true).
What does IPO underpricing refer to When in recent decades has it b.pdf
What does IPO underpricing refer to? When in recent decades has it been most severe? What are
some reasons that underwriters might want to underprice their IPOs? On the other hand, what
might be some problems with this approach?
Solution
IPO refers to Initial Public Offer and underpricing refers to Pricing of shares lower than the
market value. Hence, IPO Underpricing refers to the listing of the initial issue of the company at
the rate below the market value of the share.
Underwriters does so to make the shares feasible for every investor to invest in. Not every share
is approachable to the small investors. So the motive of the IPO Underpricing is to make the
issue approachable financially to small and big investors both.Thereby, knocking the
opportunities for potential small investors and grabing small pockets of many investors.
The problem can definitely be that the big investors doesnot look these IPO\'s and show less
interest in investing them and hence the issuer will not be able to collect fund in one go..
More Related Content
Similar to XYZ stock price and dividend history are as follows Year Beginning-.pdf
Accounting 970642 paper 4 problem solving (supplementary topics) october nove...
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Math 034 First Letter of Last Name Homework #8 .docx
Math 034 First Letter of Last Name
Homework #8 Full Name ___________________________
Due Wednesday 11/4/15 Section _____________________________
1. (Section 7.3) On the basis of how long he has until retirement and his comfort with investment risk, Bill has
decided that he wants to allocate the money in his retirement account as follows: 70% to equities, 25% to fixed
income, and 5% to cash.
a. If he assumes that each asset class provides the low end of the rates of return shown in the table in
Example #1 in the PowerPoint slides from Section 7.3, what overall rate of return would he expect to
earn over the long term?
b. If he assumes that each asset class provides the high end rate of return, what overall rate of return
would he expect to earn over the long term?
2. (Section 7.3) The Northern Tier Real Estate Fund has $84,324,980 in assets and 1,009,880 shares. If Ruth owns
76.387 shares of this fund, what is the value of her investment?
3. (Section 7.3) The net asset value of a mutual fund is $139.56. The fund charges a 2% load. How many shares
will you own if you invest $11,000 in this fund?
4. (Section 7.3) One November 1, 2009, the net asset value of the Phillips International Fund was $52.43. On
November 1, 2015, the net asset value was $28.12. If all dividends were reinvested, each share of the fund on
November 1, 2009 would have grown to 2.486 shares on November 1, 2015. Calculate the average annual rate
of return.
5. (Section 7.3) A mutual fund had annual returns of +10%, +9%, -4%, -8%, and +3% in each of the past 5 years.
What was the average rate of return over this period?
6. (Section 7.3) Two years ago, an investment you made in a mutual fund was worth $7,500.00. Today it is worth
$6,195.35. When you complain to your fund manager, he indicates that your annual rate of return for the year
that just ended was 8%. Calculate your annual rate of return for the first year.
7. (Section 8.1) The company you work for provides a lifetime income to its employees on retirement at age 65.
The formula provides 2% for each year of service of the average of the employee’s earnings for the last 3 years
on the job, up to a maximum of 75%. Your company offers employees the choice to retire as early as age 60 or
as late as age 72. Those retiring before age 65 have their calculated benefit reduced by 2.4% for each year they
retire prior to age 65; those retiring later have their benefit increased by 2.2% for each year beyond age 65 that
they work.
a. Suppose you plan to retire this year at age 61. You have 26 years of service to the company and your
last 3 years’ earnings were $55,785, $59,840, and $60,565. Calculate your pension benefit.
b. Suppose you plan to retire this year at age 70. You have 40 years of service to the company and your
last 3 years’ earnings were $67,654, $69,450, and $74,820. Calculate your pension benefit.
8. (Section 8.1) The comp ...
Given below is the partial stockholders equity section of the Balance.docx
Given below is the partial stockholders equity section of the Balance Sheet (as of 12/31/2014) for Toys and Stuff, Inc.
Paid-in-Capital
4% Preferred shares ($100 par) $500,000
Common shares ($1 par) $500,000
Assume that the preferred shares are cumulative, and that no dividends had been paid for 2012 and 2013. If total dividends to be paid for 2014 is $200,000, how much dividends will be paid to the common stockholders?
Please show work.
Solution
Annual Dividend paid to Preferred Stockholders: 500,000 x 4% = $20,000 Per Year
Total Unpaid Preference Dividend for 2012 and 2013 = 20,000 x 2 = $40,000
+ Preference Dividend Payable for 2014 = $20,000
Total Preferred Dividend Payable for 2014 = $60,000
.
Depreciation methods
Engineering Economy.
Engineering Economy, Engineering, Economy, Business and Economy, Business, Economics, Finance, Accounting,
Accounting 970602 paper 2 structured questions for examination from 2016 spec...
Accounting 970602 paper 2 structured questions for examination from 2016 specimen mark scheme
Advanced Level
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Zimsec
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Alpro Learning Portal
Accounting
Accounts
Zimbabwe
Principle of accounts
Mendez Corporation has 10,000 shares of its $100 par value, 7 percen.pdf
Mendez Corporation has 10,000 shares of its $100 par value, 7 percent cumulative
preferred stock outstanding and 50,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock outstanding.
In Mendez’s first four years of operation, its board of directors paid the following
cash dividends: 2011, none; 2012, $120,000; 2013, $140,000; 2014, $140,000.
Determine the dividends per share and total cash dividends paid to the preferred and
common stockholders during each of the four years.
Solution
The dividends per year on preferred stock = 10,000 x $ 100 x 7 %
= $ 10,000 x $ 100 x 0.07 = $ 70,000
Dividend distribution:
Year
Total Dividend Amount
Preferred
Common
2011
-
-
-
2012
$120,000
$120,000
$0
2013
$140,000
$90,000
$50,000
2014
$140,000
$70,000
$70,000
Explanation:
First dividend is paid to Preferred stock and then excess amount goes to common share holder.
For cumulative preferred stock, any deficiency in dividend, not paid carries over to subsequent
years and is added to that year\'s dividend.
Preferred Dividends unpaid in 2011 = $70,000
Preferred Dividends on 2012 = $70,000 + $ 70,000 = $ 140,000
Preferred Dividends paid in 2012 = $ 120,000
Preferred Dividends shortage on 2012 = $ 20,000
As the Dividend was insufficient for preferred stocks, common stocks holder was not paid any
dividend during 2011 & 2012.
Preferred Dividends paid in 2013 = $ 70,000 + $ 20,000 = $ 90,000
Common Dividends paid in 2013 = $ 140,000 - $ 90,000 = $ 50,000
Preferred Dividends paid in 2014 = $ 70,000
Common Dividends paid in 2014 = $ 140,000 - $ 70,000 = $ 70,000
Computation of Dividends per share:
2011
2012
2013
2014
Preferred Stock (Dividends per share)
$0
$12.00
$9.00
$7.00
Common Stock (Dividends per share)
$0
$0
$1.00
$1.40
Explanation:
Dividends per share = Dividend paid/No. of shares
Year 2012:
Dividends per share for Preferred Stock = $120,000/10,000 = $ 12
Dividend per share for Common Stock = $ 0
Year 2013:
Dividends per share for Preferred Stock = $90,000/10,000 = $ 9
Dividends per share for Common Stock = $ 50,000/50,000 = $ 1
Year 2014:
Dividends per share for Preferred Stock = $70,000 /10,000 = $ 7
Dividends per share for Common Stock = $ 70,000/50,000 = $ 1.40
Year
Total Dividend Amount
Preferred
Common
2011
-
-
-
2012
$120,000
$120,000
$0
2013
$140,000
$90,000
$50,000
2014
$140,000
$70,000
$70,000.
Financial Projections for Investor Presentations - Sept 18 2013
David Fogel of Swifton CFOs presents at McCarter English's series for entrepreneurial ventures
Ac2001 FALL 2013 BONUS PROBLEM #4Maximum 3 pointsPlease .docx
Ac2001
FALL 2013 BONUS PROBLEM #4
Maximum 3 points
Please answer the questions below using the directions provided:
· Bonus Problem due in-class ONLY. See your class schedule for date due (papers will not be accepted after class)
· NAME, ID#, and ANSWERSmust be typed in space provided
· To make your answer easy to grade, please use the answer sheet provided at the start of the bonus problem.
· Hand in the answer sheet only.
· Sign your name to state that you did your own work.
**************************************************************************
ANSWER SHEET FOR BONUS #4 (to hand in)
NAME: ____________________________
ID # _______________________
CLASS TIME : ________
SIGNATURE: ____________________
1.Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$_______________ (Amount)
2.$_______________ (Amount)
3.$_______________ (Amount)
4.$_______________ (Amount)
5.Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$_______________ (Amount)
6.$_______________ (Amount)
7.$_______________ (Amount)
8._______________ (Method)
9._______________ (MC answer)
10.$_______________ (Amount)
11.$_______________ (Amount)
12.
$_______________ (Amount)
13.$_______________ (Amount)
14.$_______________ (Amount)
15.$_______________ (Amount)
16.$_______________ (Amount)
17.$_______________ (Amount)
18.$_______________ (Amount)
19.$_______________ (Amount)
20.$_______________ (Amount)
1.
The unadjusted trial balance amount for the Prepaid Rent account on December 31, 2013, is $3,600. The rental is for extra office space for 12 months. The rental started on April 1, 2013 and the $3,600 rental fee was paid on that date. The required adjusting entry on December 31, 2013 would require a
Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$_______________ (Amount)
2. Ned Sales had net credit sales in June of $100,000. On June 30, 2013 (before any adjustments) Accounts receivable are $20,000 and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a $100 debit balance. If Ned Sales estimates bad debt losses as 4% of net credit sales, the net realizable value of the Accounts Receivable AFTER the June 30, 2013 adjusting entry is:
$_______________ (Amount)
3. If Mel Corporation sells 60,000 shares of its new $1 par value common stock to investors for $14 per share, the required journal entry would require a credit to Common Stock for:
$_______________ (Amount)
4. Jen Industries purchased specialized equipment on July 1, 2011, that cost $85,000, has a residual value of $5,000, and a useful life of four years. Jen uses the sum of the year’s digits method. The depreciation expense for the year 2013 is:
$_______________ (Amount)
5.
On September 1, 2013, five months' rent income totaling $5,000 was received on an office rental. The advance collection was originally recorded by a credit to Rental Revenue. The required adjusting entry at December 31, 2013 would require a:
Debit to
_______________ (Account Title)
For
$____.
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Given below is the partial stockholders equity section of the Balance.docx
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Accounting 970602 paper 2 structured questions for examination from 2016 spec...
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Mendez Corporation has 10,000 shares of its $100 par value, 7 percen.pdf
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Financial Projections for Investor Presentations - Sept 18 2013
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Describe how a selectively permeable membrane is involved in osmosis.pdf
Describe how a selectively permeable membrane is involved in osmosis. Include the role that the
solute concentration plays in the direction of water movement. Now think about how this process
may differ between plant and animal cells. For instance, how might cell walls disrupt the role of
solute concentration and cause one to refute a hypothesis for the direction of water movement
based on water concentration alone?
Solution
Let me first briefly descibe you how does osmosis happen. Consider there are two compartments
contaning a particular solute in a solvent seperated by a semi permeable membrane. If there
exists a solute difference between the two compartments, then solvent moves from the region of
lower conceration (with respect to solute) to higher concentration (with respect to solute) until it
reaches equilibrium. That means semi permeable membrane is permeable to solvent. Now comes
the situation of in vivo (i.e., within the body). The cells, whether from animals or plants are
usually hypertonic in nature that means cells have higher ionic concentration compared to its
external environment (water is the solvent). Then how do these cells maintain such a higher ionic
concentration by refuting the process of osmosis/diffusion. First let us consider the plant cell.
Plant cell has two coverages, namely plasma membrane and cell wall. Cell wall in plant cell is
made up of cellulose and cellulose is a polysacharide provides the rigidity to the cells. Actually,
it is the plasma membrane which does not allow the movement of water molecules to cross based
on gradient of solutes. Let me talk about the cell wall at the end of this answer. What makes that
plasma membrane to refute the law of osmosis ? It is its structural organization. Plasma
membrane is made up of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins mainly. Phospholipids are
oriented in bilayer form facing its hydrophilic (water loving) head at both the ends interacing
with cytoplasma and extracellular environment and its hydrophobic (water hating) tails are
oriented deep within the membrane interacing each other. Plasma membrane of either plant or
animal are highly impermeable to the solutes and water. Permeability of plasma membrane
highly depends on the nature of solutes. If solute is smaller in size and hydrophobic in nature it
diffuses through the membrane quiet easily but it is difficult for the hydrophilic and largge size
solutes. Charge of the solutes also plays the major role. It is not only based on the concentration
gradient but also based on charge gradient. Hence it is known as electrochemical gradient. It is
actually a beautiful mechanism of cells to produce energy required for the cell based on
electrochemical gradient (within mitochondria) And for water, it is difficult to pass through.
There is a term called \"Activation energy\". Energy need to be supplied in order to facilitate the
movement of solutes.Lower the activation energy, lesser the energy required and vica versa.
Comi.
Compare and contrast Eriksons fifth stage of personality developme.pdf
Compare and contrast Erikson\'s fifth stage of personality development and Marcia\'s theory on
identity statuses. Which do you agree with and why?
Solution
Yes , i agree , as the Marcia\'s theory on identity statuses are developed based on Erikson\'s fifth
stage of personality development.
The fifth phase of Erikson\'s life stage hypothesis is identity and role confusion.. Strains for a
juvenile can know him/herself, what s/he will do with his/her life, fitting in gathering sand
encountering things. Knowing him/herself is imperative to a pre-adult in light of the fact that on
the off chance that he or she knows him/herself, his/her capacities, he or she can shape his/her
life as indicated by the properties and capacities that s/he has. Young people take a stab at
encountering things, for example, fitting into social gatherings, encountering things to think
about themselves and capability of their identity regardless of the possibility that they need to go
out on a limb. Accordingly to these strains, these encounters may bring about change in conduct,
identity and look of a youthful. What\'s more, these encounters keep on happening until the pre-
adult get over this identity and role confusion.
In light of Erik Erikson\'s noteworthy work on character and psychosocial improvement in the
1960s, Canadian formative clinician James Marcia refined and amplified Erikson\'s model,
principally concentrating on youthful development. Tending to Erikson\'s thought of character
emergency, Marcia set that the immature stage comprises neither of personality determination
nor personality disarray, but instead how much one has investigated and focused on a personality
in an assortment of life areas from employment, religion, social decisions, sex parts, et cetera.
Marcia\'s hypothesis of character accomplishment contends that two unmistakable parts frame a
juvenile\'s personality: emergency (i. e. a period when one\'s qualities and decisions are being
reexamined) and duty. He characterized a crisis as a period of change where old qualities or
decisions are being reevaluated. The end result of an crisis prompts to a guarantee made to a
specific part or esteem..
Upon developing a semi-structured interview for identity research, Marcia proposed Identity
Statuses of psychological identity development:
· Identity Diffusion –: the status in which the adolescent does no have a feeling of having
options; he or she has not yet made (nor is endeavoring/willing to make) a promise
Identity Foreclosure : the status in which the immature appears to focus on some significant
parts, qualities, or objectives for what\'s to come. Teenagers in this stage have not encountered a
personality emergency. They have a tendency to fit in with the desires of others in regards to
their future (e. g. permitting a parent to decide a profession course) As such, these people have
not investigated a scope of alternatives.
Identity Moratorium – the status in which the juvenile is as of now in a.
Briefly describe the phenomenon of exon shuffling and provide an exa.pdf
Briefly describe the phenomenon of exon shuffling and provide an example of this in living
systems
Solution
exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. in this process 2 or
more exons are from different genes are brought together at a non-homologous site or there is a
duplication in the exons forming new intron-exon structures. exon shuffling takes place by
various processes such as transposon-mediated, cross over between gametes during sexual
recombination or any inappropriate recombinations.
living examples for exon shuffling are metazoans such as Homo sapiens have post-
transcriptional exon shuffling, Drosophila with 39% of gene rearrangements.
during evolution, 1-1 shuffling units were found in Trichoplax adhaerans and Nematostella
vectensis..
Biological Science in the Newsdentify source (internet link) and d.pdf
Biological Science in the News
dentify source (internet link) and date of news.
Write the title of the news article.
Use the D.A.R.E. critical thinking components to discuss article: Define, Analyze, Resolve, and
Evaluate.
Define: What is article about? (do not discuss the important points here)
Analyze: a. Discuss salient/important ideas or points. b. What impact do you think this news has
or will have on you or the world we live in?
Resolve: Generate a few questions that you have about the information.
Evaluate: Is it a controversial or a critical issue that needs more research? Is it information you
think should be more widely publicized? Should any action be taken? by whom? Explain your
thoughts.
Solution
Biological Science in the News
News presents in form of sound, picture, text individually or in combinations. Various studies
reveal that sound, picture or text has significant effects on human’s body and behavior. On the
basis of that, the article has greater potential to discuss the effects of news through biological
aspects. The representation and information of news makes human feel better or worse
accordingly. That feelings and impressions effect the brain of human body significantly which
can measure by the level of hormones like dopamine, serotonine, noradrenaline and others.
These impacts may bring society to feel accountable or no accountable to the particular effects of
news. People live in society and news comes from their interactions. Therefore, it would have
greater impacts to the physiological and behavioral factors of human. Now, scientist, activists,
and researchers are pointing out the possible harmful effects of news. Many news channels are
serving news on dinning plates. They are making the news exclusive and hot. Therefore, it
requires taking a stop on such news and making effective preventions..
An organization called the Repository for Germinal choice in Escondid.pdf
An organization called the Repository for Germinal choice in Escondido, CA once served as a
sperm bank for Nobel Prize winners and others possessing high IQs. Dozens of babies have now
been produced by artificial insemination from the sperm bank. Do you regard this as wise or
unwise, ethic or unethical, foolish or inspired?
Solution
The major rising ethical challenge is the connection between the pre-selection of embryos for
\"babies with high IQ (intelligent quoscent) based on meticulous genetic analysis of sperm
donation & artificial insemination followed by rising discrimination of \"disabled people\".
Therefore, even though, it is a \"wise methodology\" but highly \"unethical\" and foolish due to
chances of occurrence of genetic abnormalities. This ethical problem is associated with selection
of future children based on their low levels of disabilities and abnormalities. The genetic
abnormalities of prenatal baby with any other serious diseases but this method of screening is
leading to reinforcement of disable people discrimination and stigmatization. There is chance of
unintended multiple pregnancy & success rate is lesser. The meticulous ethical factor associated
with donated sperm (for high IQ) via artificial insemination is any presence of sexually
transmitted diseases (HIV etc), genetic disease carriers (sickle cell anemia). This methodology is
regarded as “wise protocol” to those women who are unable to participate in sexual intercourse
followed by sperm implantation into the women fallopian tube for fertilization with egg..
a- Define public goods and common resources. How are they similar an.pdf
a- Define public goods and common resources. How are they similar and how are they different.
Are markets efficient in the presence of public goods and common resources?
b- Why or why not?
Solution
Public goods is a good which is non excludable and non rivalrous. Where use by one individual
doesnot effect the availabilty by others
Common goods are rival but not excludable
Example of public goods are national defense, uncongested nontoll roada
Example of common resource are fish in the ocean, environment etc
Market doesnot effect the public good because the person using it is a free rider. He will think
that others will pay for his good.
There can be a market interuption in common resources as private player can come in and
develop a market for products like pure air and water..
A fin may be manufactured as an integral part of a surface by using .pdf
A fin may be manufactured as an integral part of a surface by using a casting or extrusion
process, or it may be separately brazed or adhered to the surface. From thermal considerations
which option is preferred?
Solution
When fins are manufactured as a integral part of a surface by using casting or extrusion process,
then due to more conductive heat transfer, it is more acceptable..
Which of the following statements is false Financial accounting mus.pdf
Which of the following statements is false? Financial accounting must conform to GAAP. There
is no overlap between financial and managerial accounting. Managerial accounting sometimes
relies on past information. Managerial accounting does not need to conform to GAAP
Solution
The false statement is
Managerial accounting sometimes relies on past information
(other statements are true).
What does IPO underpricing refer to When in recent decades has it b.pdf
What does IPO underpricing refer to? When in recent decades has it been most severe? What are
some reasons that underwriters might want to underprice their IPOs? On the other hand, what
might be some problems with this approach?
Solution
IPO refers to Initial Public Offer and underpricing refers to Pricing of shares lower than the
market value. Hence, IPO Underpricing refers to the listing of the initial issue of the company at
the rate below the market value of the share.
Underwriters does so to make the shares feasible for every investor to invest in. Not every share
is approachable to the small investors. So the motive of the IPO Underpricing is to make the
issue approachable financially to small and big investors both.Thereby, knocking the
opportunities for potential small investors and grabing small pockets of many investors.
The problem can definitely be that the big investors doesnot look these IPO\'s and show less
interest in investing them and hence the issuer will not be able to collect fund in one go..
When summing forces in the x direction why does Force of Ax be i.pdf
When summing forces in the x direction why does Force of Ax be included? Wouldn\'t Ax not be
included because it is considered an internal force?
Solution
Ax is an external force that\'s why it is included in calculating the net force in a direction
.Internal forces have no role in FBD of a body as the are cancelled on its on by action reaction.
Ax is included in the net force in the X-direction because it is one of the force that is applied
externally and bring a change to the system..
Which of the following statements true about Cyanobacteria Cyanobact.pdf
Which of the following statements true about Cyanobacteria? Cyanobacteria ... are a diverse,
polyphyletic group of bacteria. use chlorophyll a and release oxygen during photosynthesis. are
the only group of autotrophic bacteria? can reproduce sexually. are obligate aerobes.
Solution
Ans. B and E
Cyanobacteria also known as blue green algae as it is blue green in color present in aquatic
environment and produce its own food using chlorophyll a and release oxygen as a byproduct in
splitting of water.
Other bacteria use H2S and hence doesn\'t release oxygen and also doesnot possess chlorophyll
a.
Cyanobacteria are obligate parasites and prefer dilute carbon source.
What is the temperature requited to denature myoglobin without guani.pdf
What is the temperature requited to denature myoglobin without guanidine?What is delta S and
delta H of myoglobin denaturation without guanidine?
Solution
he temperature to denature myoglobin without guanidine is 30 degree C(celsius).
Go= HoTSo = RT ln KD ->(1)
Ln KD =(HoTSo)/RT ->2
lnKD=Ho/RT+ So/R( 3)
dlnKD/d(1/T)=Ho/R=H0vHoff/R(4)
or
dlnKD/dT=H0vHoff/RT2(5).
Which agency monitors al Confirmed cases of food-borne illnes FDA. C.pdf
Which agency monitors al Confirmed cases of food-borne illnes? FDA. CDC USDA EPA
Solution
Answer 1 : Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monitor outbreak of illness disease from food
and then report is sent to Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
CDC:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
USDA:United States Department of Agriculture deals with agriculture
EPA: Environment Protection Agency deals with environment related issue.
What role does ethics play in leadership Do you believe that some p.pdf
What role does ethics play in leadership? Do you believe that some people abuse it? Why or why
not? Provide examples.
Solution
his is extremely interesting territory.
Organisations and people within organisations rarely if ever demonstrate a homogeneous mix of
ethical values, but they do have to function.
Ask the question. How will the Iraq even create a temporary framework to govern given that it
seeks to balance such disparate issues?
History tells us that we compromise because the alternatives are often far worse. Pragmatism
becomes the order of the day and I think that this is a pattern that is repeated in corporations.
Organisations function according to their perception of how they need to respond to the power
of the circumstances around them. There is a behavioural bottom line for organisations which
should not be crossed (ethical considerations embodied in the law) but, there is a vast array of
other ethical issues that may or may not be taken on board. They are generally only taken on
board when it is perceived that the short term self interest of the company matches the ethical
value.
Organisations then present different images to their stakeholders to maximise the warm glow
that they project.
Profit to the shareholders.
Respect me vibes to the institutions.
We work for our workforce vibes to employees and their supporters.
All these images conflict and one of the key roles of leadership (setting the agenda) is to ensure
that this conflict is managed and the business machine does not slow down.
Those leaders who have gone through the processes of:
1. Learning to lead and manage themselves.
2. Developing a clear understanding their values and goals.
3. Learning to lead and motivate others.
4. Learning how to apply leadership strategically.
will manage without falling off the horse.
It is unlikely however, that they will lead on ethics even if their standpoint is ahead of their
company\'s minimal position.
They are more likely to gratefully respond to what the social consensus
seeks to make imperative..
What is Simmonds’ disease aka pituitary cachexia Describe the featu.pdf
What is Simmonds’ disease aka pituitary cachexia? Describe the features of the disease
Solution
Answer: Simmonds\' disease or pitutary cachexia is a disease caused by the destruction of the
anterior lobe of the pitutary gland due to any cause, like post partum necrosis of the pitutary
gland, trauma like bullet injuries or fractures at the base of the skull, morbidities like tuberculosis
or syphilis, tumors of the pitutary and supra cellar cysts are some of the main caises of
Simmonds\' disease.
Features are:
1. as post-partum necrosis is one of the major causes of simonds\' disease, it is most common
betweeb ages of 20- 45 years. it is more common in women than men.
2. earliest manifestation of the disease are evident soon after few days from puerperium.
3. Failure of lactation or rather engorgement of the breasts is noticed.
4. Patients are of average nutrition and have a pale, dry, rather sallow skin suggesting a degree
of anemia more severe than what the hematological examinations reveal with a possible
subthyroid condition.
5. Progeria is unusual
6. Head hair is normal in size and texture.
7. eyebrows are thin.
8. disturbance in menstruation with amennorhia or scanty and irregular periods.
9. Loss of libido
10. atrophy of genetelia.
11. bear a striking resemblance to myxoedema. skin of face and arms is dry and scaly with a faint
yellow colouration.
12. senstivity to cold is pronounced.
13. well marked erythema ab igne of legs is pronounced..
14. adrenal lesions lead to loss of pubic and axillary hair.
15. Keplers\' Test for adrenal dysfunction is positive.
Treatment: Horone replacement therapy is the only available management so far..
6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosi.pdf
6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosis. A)spores, gametes
B)gametes, gametes C)gametes, spores D)spores, spores E)spores, gametes and spores 7. In a
heterosporous life cycle, the microspore develops into the _____ gametophyte, while the
megaspore develops into the ______ gametophyte. A)female, male B)male, female C)diploid,
haploid D)haploid, diploid E)None of the above 8. Asexual reproduction in liverworts is
accomplished by A)gametophytes. B)spores. C)gemmae. D)tracheids. 9. You are walking along
a roadside and find a plant with the following characteristics: very thin waxy cuticle, stomata,
simple leaves in whorls around a central stem, independent sporophyte and gametophyte,
sporangia in strobili. This plant is most likely a member of which of the following phyla?
A)Bryophyta B)Sphenophyta C)Pterophyta D)Lycophyta 10. Plants differ from algae in that only
plants A)are photosynthetic. B)are multicellular. C)possess chlorophyll. D)have multicellular
embryos protected by the parent. E)are eukaryotic. 11. Which statement about the alternation of
generations in plants is not true? A) The plant life cycle is characterized by diploid and haploid
forms. B)Meiosis occurs in sporangia. C)Gametes are always produced by meiosis. D)The
zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte generation. E)The gametophyte and sporophyte differ
genetically. 12. The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today is A) Cycadophyta. B)
Ginkgophyta. C) Gnetophyta. D) Coniferophyta. E) None of the above 13. Coniferous
gymnosperms, such as pines, depend primarily on __________ for pollination; thus, the plants
produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring. A) insects B)
birds C) water D) wind E) mammals 14. An evolutionary trend that runs throughout the plant
kingdom is that the sporophyte generation ___ and is more independent of the gametophyte, and
the gametophyte generation _____ and is more dependent upon the sporophyte. A) becomes
smaller, becomes smaller B) becomes larger, becomes smaller C) becomes smaller, becomes
larger D) becomes larger, becomes larger E) does not change in size, becomes larger 15.
Angiosperms differ from other plants in that two male gametes, contained within a single male
gametophyte, participate in fertilization events. One sperm nucleus combines with the egg to
produce a diploid zygote. The other sperm nucleus combines with two other haploid nuclei of the
female gametophyte. This process is called A) biparental inheritance. B) multiple paternity. C)
double fertilization. D) biparental fertilization. E) multiple fertilization. 16. The reproductive
organ of angiosperms is the A)sporangium. B) flower. C) cone. D) archegonium. E) sporophyte.
17. The prominent components of Earth\'s modern land flora in most areas are A) angiosperms.
B) gymnosperms. C) ferns. D) bryophytes. E) club mosses. 18. Flowers with insect pollination
have showy A) petals. B) sepals. C) anthers. D) fruits 19. In a.
What is the pH of a solution that is formed at 25C by combining 300 .pdf
What is the pH of a solution that is formed at 25C by combining 300 mL of 0.040 M NaOH with
400 mL of 0.030 M HCl?
Solution
The amount of OH- ions released by NaOH is 0.04*300.
The amount of H+ ions released by HCl is 0.03*400
So the amount of H+ by HCl and amount of OH- by NaOH cancel each other.
This inturn makes the water neutral and the
pH remains 7.
pH = 7.
ulsalullailut Ul glucose linked to muctose. Similarly, link ing three.pdf
ulsalullailut Ul glucose linked to muctose. Similarly, link ing three or more monosaccharides
forms a polysaccharide such as starch, glycogen, or cellulose (fig. 6.3). Question 1 Examine
figure 6.2. hich groups of a glucose molecule are involved in forming a polysaccharide? Shade
the groups with a pencil.
Solution
In the structiure of glucose, the OH groups are present on 1, 2, 3, and 4th position of the ring and
at 5th position CH2OH is present. When a glucose molecule involves in the formation of
polysaccharide, the OH group at 1st position of a aglucose molecule interacts with the OH group
at 4th position of another glucose molecule..
This is a photograph of an organelle found in living cells. Use it to.pdf
This is a photograph of an organelle found in living cells. Use it to help answer questions 1, 2
and 3. (From Essential Cell Biology, Alberts Betal (2009) 3rd edition; Garland Science, NY &
London. Photo by Daniel SFriend.) 1) What is the name of this organelle? D. O Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Mitochondrion Ribosome reticulum 2 What is the function of this organelle? c, O
D. O Anaerobic Aerobic Protein Photosynthesis respiration respiration release 3 Which one of
the following substances is produced when this organelle is functioning Oxygen Carbon Glucose
Starch dioxide
Solution
1: C Mitochondria; The given image shows mitochondria as the inner membrane is shown like
finger like projections which is characteristic feature of mitochondria.
2: B Aerobic respiration; Mitochondria are the double membrane bound organelles which serve
as site for aerobic respiration. The Kreb cycle and electron transport chain take place in it.
3: B Carbon dixoide; CO2 is the product of Kreb cycle. Glucose enters the glycoysis and forms
pyruvic acid which in turn enters the Kreb cycle in form of Acetyl CoA and is decarboxylated..
This Way to the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen Provide scholarlyacade.pdf
\"This Way to the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen\" Provide scholarly/academic journal articles
related to this reading and some short information about each article
Solution
This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen, also known as Ladies and Gentlemen, to the Gas
Chamber, is a collection of short stories by Tadeusz Borowski, which were inspired by the
author\'s concentration camp experience. The original title in the Polish language was
PoZegnanie z MariA (Farewell to Maria). Following two year imprisonment at Auschwitz,
Borowski had been liberated from the Dachau concentration camp in the spring of 1945, and
went on to write his collection in the following years in Stalinist Poland. The book, translated in
1959, was featured in the Penguin\'s series \"Writers from the Other Europe\" from the 1970s..
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