XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO - A. Cavallini - REFRIGERANTI ULTIMA SPIAGGIA

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Centro Studi Galileo

Intervento del prof. A. Cavallini alla 1a sessione

PUB-CHEM DATABASE:
157 milioni di sostanze chimiche
60 milioni di strutture chimiche univoche
SELEZIONE
• molecole con al più 18 atomi
• molecole composte solo dagli elementi C, H, F, Cl, Br, O, N, S
(criterio di Midgley, 1930)
184 mila molecole

184 mila molecole
ULTERIORE
SELEZIONE
• temperatura critica Tcrit compresa tra 320 K e 420 K
• potenziale di effetto serra GWP100y minore di 1000
138 fluidi
ULTERIORE
SELEZIONE
• scartati i fluidi potenzialmente instabili
• scartati i fluidi ad elevata tossicità
• per individuare possibili sostituti (fluidi puri) di R-410A, selezionati solo i
fluidi con Qvol>0,33Qvol,R410A e COP>5 nel ciclo frigorifero di riferimento
(Te=10 °C, Tc=40 °C; COPR-410A=7,41)
27 fluidi

Circuito frigorifero a semplice
compressione
Circuito frigorifero con scambiatore
rigenerativo liquido/vapore
Circuito frigorifero con ciclo
economizzatore

Lavoro teorico
necessario per
compensare la perdita di
effetto frigorifero
Perdita di lavoro di
espansione
ENTROPIA SPECIFICA
TEMPERATURAASSOLUTA
Temperatura
(costante) del
corpo
refrigerato
Temperatura
ambiente
Perdita per
desurriscaldamento
Perdita per
laminazione
PERDITE TERMODINAMICHE IN UN CICLO FRIGORIFERO SEMPLICE
DI RIFERIMENTO IDEALE

Circuito frigorifero a semplice compressione

Circuito frigorifero con scambiatore rigenerativo liquido/vapore

Circuito frigorifero con ciclo economizzatore

MISCELE
ZEOTROPICHE E
AZEOTROPICHE
MODIFICA DEL
CICLO
FRIGORIFERO DI
BASE
glide di temperatura

“There is a crank down
in Apalachicola,
Florida, that thinks he
can make ice as good as
God Almighty!”
(circa 1844).
New York Globe

The Rest of the World
There is a
gentleman, down in
Washington D.C.,
who thinks he is God
Almighty and can
make the decision to
spoil our Planet!
(circa 2017).

Centro Studi Galileo
XVII EUROPEAN CONFERENCE
GRAZIE PER L’ATTENZIONE

Convegno Europeo IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI: IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down 15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30 Mostra Convegno Expocomfort Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo

Eiettore nei sistemi a CO2 - G. De Bona - Danfoss

Centro Studi Galileo

This document discusses CO2 refrigeration systems and the use of ejectors to improve efficiency. It provides an overview of Danfoss' experience with over 250 CO2 refrigeration installations using multi-ejector systems worldwide. Ejector systems have been shown to reduce energy consumption by 15-30% compared to conventional CO2 booster systems. The document also discusses opportunities to use recovered heat from refrigeration systems for heating buildings or selling to district heating networks. Danfoss is working to increase training and competence on CO2 systems through a mobile training unit and aim to train 800 people in 2017.

Nuovi compressori scroll dotati di speciale motore LSPM - P. Trevisan - Bitzer

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Refrigeranti HFO a bassissimo GWP - E. Monfrinotti - Chemours

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Refrigeranti a basso GWP per il condizionamento e le pompe di calore - B. Bel...

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This document discusses refrigerants that can replace R410A in comfort applications to meet the F-gas phase down regulations. It finds that R32 demonstrates slightly better performance than R410A, increasing capacity by 6% and seasonal efficiency by 1-2%. HFO blends and propane offer alternatives for residential heat pumps. A2L refrigerants require safety modifications but can be used in existing R410A designs. The new IEC standard eases integration of electronics in A2L systems. Overall solutions exist to comply with regulations while maintaining performance.

Prodotti per sistemi HFO, HC e CO2 - A. Sepe - Castel

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Retrofit di sistemi di refrigerazione funzionanti con R404A/R507 - S. Fedeli ...

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Una soluzione efficiente e competitiva con un basso GWP - F. Flohr - Daikin

Centro Studi Galileo

The document discusses the challenges for refrigerants currently and in the future. It notes that the F-Gas regulation is strongly influencing the refrigeration market through a phase down of average GWP levels and bans on some HFCs for certain sectors. By 2030, the average GWP will need to be reduced to 800. This will require the use of natural refrigerants like CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons as shorter term HFC replacements may not be available or the situation could become chaotic. CO2 transcritical systems are presented as a long term solution for supermarkets.

Hydrofluoro-olefins (HFOs) for Commercial Refrigeration - E. Monfrinotti - Ch...

Centro Studi Galileo

This presentation discusses alternative refrigerants available to replace high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. It introduces Chemours' Opteon line of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) blend refrigerants, including Opteon XP10, XP40, XP44, XL10, XL20, XL40, and XL55. The presentation reviews the properties and applications of these refrigerants, case studies on their use, and projections on how regulations like the Kigali Amendment and F-Gas Regulation will reduce the allowed GWP of refrigerants over time. Support resources available on opteon.com are also highlighted.

Developing Fit-for-Purpose Solutions: Gas Coolers - G. Dal Belin Peruffo - Al...

Centro Studi Galileo

The document discusses CO2 gas coolers and their advantages over traditional HFC outdoor units. It provides an overview of gas cooler design considerations like high pressure requirements, single-phase fluid behavior at high air temperatures, and methods to reduce thermal bypassing. These include symmetrical tubing circuits, slits between tube rows, and future developments like inner grooved copper-iron alloy tubes. The document emphasizes Alfa Laval's laboratory testing and data collection to optimize gas cooler performance and ensure it through the Eurovent certification process.

About Centro Studi Galileo

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Workshops on Commercial Refrigeration Argentina 4-6 December 2017

Centro Studi Galileo

This document provides an agenda for a conference on commercial refrigeration and low global warming potential (GWP) technological alternatives. The conference will take place in Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina on December 4-6, 2017. It will feature presentations from experts in Italy and Argentina on their experiences with alternative refrigerants like carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons in commercial refrigeration systems. Topics will include the impact of the Montreal Protocol on refrigerant trends, European experiences with low-GWP technologies in food cold chains, and case studies of Italian companies using carbon dioxide, hydrofluoroolefins, and hydrocarbons in supermarket applications.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO C. Norcia - FGAS CERTIFICATION IN ITALY: THE CURRENT SI...

Centro Studi Galileo

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Creamer - EUROPEAN F-GAS TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT: QU...

Centro Studi Galileo

This document provides an overview and summary of the latest technology in refrigeration and air conditioning that was presented at the 17th European Conference in Milano, Italy on June 9-10, 2017. Key topics discussed include revisions to EU regulations on F gas assessments, refrigerant overviews and selection considerations, concerns regarding practical training requirements, and safety protocols for recovering A2L refrigerants.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Buoni - THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS, TRAININ...

Centro Studi Galileo

1) Training and certification programs for technicians need to be updated to include alternative refrigerants like hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and ammonia as countries shift away from high global warming potential refrigerants. 2) While there are over 40 training centers in the EU that offer training on alternative refrigerants, training availability and facilities are uneven across Europe. 3) AREA has developed guidelines on minimum training requirements for contractors and equipment handling low global warming potential refrigerants to help with the transition.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO T. Gabiel - EU F-GAS REGULATION: PERSPECTIVES

Centro Studi Galileo

The document summarizes the EU F-Gas Regulation and its implications. It notes that the EU regulation will lead to significant reductions in HFCs by 37% in 2018, 55% in 2021, and 69% in 2024. This is more ambitious than reductions under the Kigali Amendment. The reductions are even larger than they appear because baseline exclusions and exemptions mean actual reductions will be 48% in 2018 and 64% in 2021. Early effects include HFC stockpiling, price increases, and risks of illegal trade and material shortages. The regulation provides an opportunity for European green technologies to be mainstreamed globally through the Montreal Protocol HCFC phase-out.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO A. Kaschl - IMPLEMENTING THE EU PHASE DOWN

Centro Studi Galileo

The document summarizes the EU's phase-down of F-gases, or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), under the F-gas Regulation to reduce emissions. It outlines that the regulation establishes an upstream quota system to reduce HFC imports and production in the EU by 80% by 2030 from a 2015 baseline. Companies must register and report HFC quantities and are issued annual quotas to place HFCs on the EU market. The goals of the phase-down are to stimulate innovation, support climate policy, and facilitate convergence with the Montreal Protocol, while emissions and consumption are already falling under the regulation.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO D. Coulomb - INTRODUCTION

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The document summarizes the topics that will be covered during presentations at the Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning conference in Milan on June 9-10, 2017. The three topics are: 1) how to apply F-gas regulations and ongoing actions to reduce gases, 2) challenges and solutions for cold chains internationally from political and technical perspectives, and 3) opportunities for renewable energy in cooling due to regulations and new technologies in refrigeration and air conditioning.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO C. Malvicino - AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY S...

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The document discusses air conditioning technology and regulations for vehicles. It notes that vehicles are required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% in the next 5 years. Thermal systems present opportunities to improve vehicle efficiency by integrating them properly and enabling new functions. Regulations have banned high global warming potential refrigerants above 150 from new passenger cars in Europe since 2017. Dual loop cooling systems and other thermal system concepts could help meet efficiency and emissions targets while providing passenger comfort.

XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO C. Marotta - HIGH-ENERGY EFFICIENCY FLUID FOR SECONDARY ...

Centro Studi Galileo

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Ascani - INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PATH TO COMMERCIALIZA...

Centro Studi Galileo

The document discusses Cold Energy, a company developing an energy efficiency kit for refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The kit introduces a turbocharger and two heat exchangers to a conventional refrigeration cycle to recover energy and reduce energy usage. Prototypes are being tested and the product is planned to be commercialized for low-temperature applications from 2019-2021 before expanding to medium- and high-temperature sectors. The document outlines Cold Energy's technology, development timeline, market approach, and integration of the kit into refrigeration systems with minimal interface requirements.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO S. Filippi - NEW INTELLIGENT DEFROSTING APPARATUS

Centro Studi Galileo

1) The document describes NIDEA, a new intelligent defrost control device that optimizes defrost cycles for refrigeration systems. 2) Traditional defrost controls operate on fixed time intervals, but NIDEA uses sensors and algorithms to determine the optimal timing for defrost based on operating conditions. 3) A field test found that NIDEA performed defrosts less frequently than traditional controls, resulting in 24% lower total energy consumption and costs savings of over 20% per month.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO D. Agostini - R744 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS MULTI EJECTORS...

Centro Studi Galileo

- The document discusses R744 refrigerating systems with multi ejectors. It describes a company called Frigo Consulting that specializes in CO2 refrigeration and has implemented multi-ejector systems for several supermarket refrigeration projects. - The multi-ejector systems have achieved efficiency increases of 15-25% compared to traditional booster systems with parallel compression through the use of liquid and vapor ejectors as well as heat exchanger improvements. Case studies on implemented systems in Switzerland and Romania show energy savings of 23-30%.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO E. Albera - NEW VARIABLE SPEED COMPRESSORS FOR HOUSEHOL...

Centro Studi Galileo

The document discusses technologies presented at the Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning conference in Milan. It includes topics like new variable speed compressors for household and light commercial refrigeration, how appliance manufacturers can meet EU energy standards, options for low global warming potential refrigeration systems, and Embraco's new line of VES fullmotion compressors which provide increased efficiency and flexibility over traditional on/off compressors. Hydrocarbons are presented as the most sustainable refrigerant choice for the future.

XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO Y. Yamaguchi - ENERGY EFFICIENT CASCADE SYSTEM WITH CO2 ...

Centro Studi Galileo

The document discusses the development of a CO2-CO2 cascade refrigeration system as an alternative to high-GWP refrigerants commonly used in supermarket and convenience store refrigeration. It outlines issues with current refrigerants and the climate change benefits of CO2. The document then presents the configuration of the proposed CO2-CO2 cascade system using two CO2 refrigeration cycles, and optimization of the heat exchanger and pressure settings to improve system COP. Simulation results show the CO2-CO2 cascade system achieves better COP than HFC systems across a wide range of ambient temperatures, indicating it can be a viable alternative refrigeration solution.

XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO A. Muresan - LARGE TRANSCRITICAL CO2 COMPRESSOR

Centro Studi Galileo

The document discusses the development of large transcritical CO2 compressors for refrigeration and air conditioning applications requiring big cooling capacities. It describes Dorin's development of a new 6-cylinder CO2 compressor ranging from 39.8 to 98.5 m3/h displacement and 50 to 80 HP. Test results show improved volumetric and isentropic efficiencies, lower discharge temperatures, and optimized dimensions. The first units of the new CD500 compressor range have demonstrated extremely quiet and smooth operation in the field.

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