Duonglap-Đồng chí B nói về âm mưu chống Việt Nam của bè lũ phản động Trung Qu...Mộc Đại Lâm
Lê Duẩn là một lãnh đạo quyết đoán, cương quyết trong việc bảo vệ lợi ích dân tộc, điều đó thể hiện xuyên suốt trong quá trình cầm quyền của ông.
Le Duan is a decisive, resolute leader in protecting the interests of the people, which is reflected throughout his administration.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
Duonglap-Đồng chí B nói về âm mưu chống Việt Nam của bè lũ phản động Trung Qu...Mộc Đại Lâm
Lê Duẩn là một lãnh đạo quyết đoán, cương quyết trong việc bảo vệ lợi ích dân tộc, điều đó thể hiện xuyên suốt trong quá trình cầm quyền của ông.
Le Duan is a decisive, resolute leader in protecting the interests of the people, which is reflected throughout his administration.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Xung quanh chuyen di cua pierre poivre toi dang trong the ky 18 duonglap.blogspot.com
1. � ? ,
XUNG QUANH CHUYEN DI CUA PIERRE P0IVRE TOI' - ,,.,., ?
DANG-THONG GIU'A THE KY XVIII
Trang bai viet t
_
ru6c day
_
(l), chu�g toi
da c6 dip de c$p den chuyen di
thttong thuye·t buon ban cua Pierre Poivre
trang no llfc cua Cong ty Dong An Phap 6
ViQt Nam giva the ky XVIII. Bai viet nay
muon nghien ctiu them xoay quanh chuyen
di cua Pierre Poivre toi Dang Trang vao
th$p nien 40 theky nay.
*
1. Cho den cuoi theky XVII, nhvng cong
ty Dong An cua cac cudng quoc thudng mq.i
Anh (EIC), Ha Lan (VOC) deu rcJi bo Dang
Ngoai (2), trong khi Phap (CIO) v§n ticp
tuc c6 'di.;ti dien' (3) 6 day. Tren binh dien
. chung, 6 c?i Dang l'goai 'a Dang Trang,
quan he thudng mQ.i v6i cac nuoc phudng
Tay giam di ro rQt, chi con thay nhvng
doan tau tinh cc! den r6i li;ii di. Nguyen
nhan cua slf dinh tre nhu nhieu nha
nghien ctiu cha rbng la do phfa Di;ii Viet.
Theo d6,khi ma long tham, th6i ha li;im cua
quan lq.i dja pht(dng ngay cang V1Qt qua IQi
fch thudng mq.i ma nhvng lai thudng
phudng Tay c6 du<;Jc, cung vdi nhu du
thuong mQ.i kh6ng du<;Jc quan tam dung
muc (tu 1674-1774 la giai doq.n hoa blnh
giva Dang Ngoai 'a Dang Trang) thi tat
yeu d§n den St/ ra di ch6ng vanh cua moi
chuyen hang bu6n. Tuy nhien, cung phai
thay thlfc te la St! n6i len cua gi6i Hoakieu
. Vien Sv hoc
NGUYEN MANH DUNG'
sanh soi 6 Quang Chau (Guangzhou) gay ra
m9t stic hut thj trucJng. Con ban than trang
nuoc, giva ngudi Au voi nhau cung kh6ng
phai la kh6ng c6 chuyen, cung nhu voi
ngu'di ban Xu' (4).
Trang nhung th$p nien d§.u the ky
XVIII, l<;Ji fch thudng mq.i cua Phap du<;Jc
gia co mq.nh den vung Dong An, nhat la
Pondichery - m9t cd scJ d�c biet quan tn;mg
cua Phap 6 Dong Nam An D9. Ngudi sang
L�p thudng diem Francois Martin (1634-
1706) tu dfo theky XVIII cung da rat quan
tam den Batavia (da bi ngudi Ha Lan
chiem) nhung ch�ng "c6 luc nao" c6 thJ dua
ra dJ an thudng mq.i cJ cac xu Dong An nay.
Con ngudi Phap, theo tfnh toan, nam 1721
c9ng dong ngu6i Phap 6 Batavia chi c6
khoang 32 ngudi... (5) Nhin chung, m?c cha
nhvng ngu6i dam trach 6 chfnh quoc Phap
va hai ngoq.i cung gidi thudng nhan c6 quan
tam den tinh hinh cua c6ng ty nhung chua
de rake hoq.ch thlfc slf hieu qua.
Doi voi Dq.i Viet, m�c du ngucJi Phap vbn
dJ nhung 'dq.i dien' 6 Dang Ngoai nhung
trong XU the chung, ngUdi Phap cung da
chuy§n huong mq.nh hdn vao Dang Trang.
Ngoai y nghia tranh gianh anh hu6ng voi
ngucJi Anh, tu cuoi the ky XVII, Phap da
chu y toi cac dja di§m 6 day. Nam 1686,
nhan vien thudng ffiq.l Veret da khuyen
2. Cong ty nen 'chiem dong' Con Dao. Theo
bao cao, gi'.ti ve thi ngoai y nghia thuong
m?-i, vi tri Con Dao thui).n loi nhu hai eo
bi�n Sonde (Sunda) va Malacca (6). Tuy
nhien, nguc1i Anh da nhanh hon d$t chan
!en dao nay vao nam 1702 (7). Diu th$p
nien 1720, CIO CV Renault di xem xet ]13.i
vi�c c6 th� 11).p m(>t co scJ tren dao hay
kh6ng. Trai ngUQC voi Veret, ban bao cao
gtti ve nam 1723 i?-i cho ding "dang bo hon
la dang chiem" (8). Nam 1744, De Rothe va
Friel! (chau cu.a T6ng tran Pondichery
F.Dupleix) da ph§.n nao thu du9c thanh
cong sau chuyen di thuong thuyet thuong
m?-i cJ Dang Trong (9). Vo vuong Nguy�n
Phuc Khoat (cq: 1739-1765) cho phep cong
ty ho?-t d(>ng buon ban cJ day. Thanh cong
cu.a chuyen di khien De Rothe de nghj xin
Pondichery cap tien cho chuyen di moi toi
Dang Trong. Tuy nhien, CUQC chien tranh 7
nam (1756-1763) da lam ngttcJi Phap mat
mat rat Ion (cJ Dong.� chi con l?-i Yanaon,
Chandernagor, Karikal, Mahe va
Pondichery), khien cho chuyen di den Dang
Trong nhu dv tinh (da dUQC Dupleix tan
thanh) cu.a De Rothe, Friel! bi tri hoan.
Nhu vi).y, trong 4 thi).p nien db.u, cac
thuong nhan Phap to ra rat tfch Cl.JC trong
no Ive tim m(>t dia di�m d�t co scJ cJ Bi�n
Dong, dieu nay ph§.n nao phan anh that
b?-i cu.a Phap cJ Quang Chau, thay vao d6 la
nhu du tim den Dang Trong hong khoa lap
tinh tr13.ng am d?-m nay. Do nhung nguyen
nhan chu quan va khach quan tren, cac df
an thuong m?-i da that b?-i ho$c dinh tr$.
M$c du vi).y, Dupleix cJ Pondichery v§.n ung
h(> va tim each vao Dang Trong. Trong khi
dang chudn bi cho m(>t chuyen di moi, thi
song song voi d6, t?-i Versailles, trieu dinh
Phap cung xuc tien cho m(>t di dinh thuong
m?-i tuong tv den Dang Trong. Nguc1i de
xuong va dUQC CV di sau d6 la Pierre Poivre.
37
2. Pierre Poivre (con c6 tai li$u ghi la Le
Poivre) sinh nam 1719, mat nam 1786,
tror.g m(>t gia dinh buon ban to h,ia giau c6.
Tung h9c trong H(>i Truyen giao nuoc ngoai
Paris (MEP), do tinh thich du hanh cu.a
minh nen Poivre da kh6ng tiep t1,1c con
dUdng tu hanh (Poivre rcJi MEP nam 1747).
Thi.Jc te sau nay cho thay, scJ thich kham
pha du hanh cu.a Poivre la ham muon Ion
nhat cu.a Poivre. M$t khac, ngay nay nguc1i
ta biet nhi6u den Poivre nhu m(>t nha thfc
vi).t voi nhung ghi chep nghien cuu thu. vi
•1a c6 gia tri. Duong thdi Poivre cung da
du9c danh gia tren phuong di$n hi�u biet
chung ve vung Dong An (10).
Tren con tau Dauphin sang Trung Quoc
nam 1741, khi trcJ ve Poivre da bi h?-m d(>i
cu.a ngUdi Anh tan cong va bi gay canh tay
phai. Nhc1 nhung kien thuc ve thfc vi).t
trong thcJi gian bi bllt d Batavia, sau khi trd
ve Phap thang 6-1748, Poivre xuc tien g$p
d?-i di�n lanh d<;10 cu.a CIO. Du<;ic tien cv,
Poivre da dtt<;ic dich than trinh bay du djnh
truoc cac d?-i di$n cao cap trong trieu dinh
Phap. Ket qua la, qua B(> Hang hai, Poivre
dU<;ic CV den Dang Trong voi hai nhi�m v1,1:
1. Xue tien bu6n bcin cJ Dang Trang ua l(ip
m9t chi diem cJ d6; 2. Tim cay hliang li�u
cho ddo Ile de France [tuc Mauritius,
Maurice) ua lam cho Ha Lan ma't d(ic
quyin bu6n bcin ccic hlidng li�u tinh nhli
que; h6 tieu, gung, dinh hliang ua nhl!,c d(iu
khf{u (xin n6i them la dfa an cu.a Poivre
chi la d� tim cay huong lii_lu d� chuyen chcJ
den Ile de France va Bourbon [La Reunion)
chu khong n6i toi vi�c tranh gianh voi
nguc1i Ha Lan9 (11). Theo nhu P.Poivre day
la hai di�m quan tr9ng hi�n ton tu thc1i J.B.
Colbert (cq: 1665-1683) duoi trieu vua
Louis XIV (1638-1715). Xet tren thfc te Jue
d6, dua an thu hai la het sue kh6 khan bcJi
ngudi Ha Lan da cam xuo.'t cang va ph?-t rat
3. 38
ni;t.ng nhvng cay va h1;tt g10ng cu.a thu
huong li�u !iii rat cao va thfch hc;Jp cho tho'
nhuang o Ile de France (12), m9t noi cung
voi Bourbon ma theo tfnh toan duong thc:Ji,
neu mat chung, thuy thu Phap phai ghe
sang Braxin hay Mui Hao Vc,mg thu9c
quyen cai quan cua nuoc khac, va qtc ky
cfin thiet cho nen ngo?i thuong cua Phap cJ
chau A (13).
Ngay tu chuyen di Vi�n Dong (Trung
Quoc) nam 1741, tren duc:Jng tu Trung Quoc
tro ve, Poivre da dung l?i 6 Dang Trong
khoang 2 nam (1742-1743) (14). Sau nay,
Poivre da c6 nhvng mo ta ve XU Dang
Trong n6i rieng (15). Ban ghi chep (thu
nhat nay) duc,Jc giti Jen nhvng nguc:Ji c6
trach nhi�m trong trieu dlnh nam 1744.
Ngoai n9i dung c1.,1 thJ (chung toi se trinh
bay duoi day), ro rang ban bao cao da giup
fch rat 16n cho di,t djnh sau d6 cua Poivre.
Poivre rc:Ji Phap thang 10-1748, tren tau
Montaran (16) toi Ile de France thang 3
nam sau. Poivre rc:Ji Ile de France thang 4-
1749 tren chiec thuyen bu6m "t6i tan"
Sumatra da duc;1c vien To'ng tran o day
chu£n bi cho Poivre. Do khong thJ den
duc,Jc tren m9t chiec tau nho nhu v�y,
Poivre da phai dung !1;ti Pondichery vao
thang 6-1749, khong nhu ke ho�ch vao
Dang Trong som nhu Poivre di,t kien. T?i
Pondichery, do m9t so ly do ve lc,Ji fch
thuong m?i cung nhu m9t chuyen ghe
tham khong duc,Jc bao truoc, Dupleix (17)
(vi d?i vuong quyen uy nhat An D9) to thai
d9 khong hai long, ngay sau d6 giti m9t td
khieu l?i ve Phap. Luc nay, Friell la uy
vien H9i d6ng Toi cao cua Cong ty m9t m�t
khong cho Poivre bie't ve tc:J don kia, mi;t.t
khac khong dua l:;ii cho Poivre giay phep
ma Vo vuong truoc day, hay dung ra Poivre
phai tra m9t khoan tien trong mo dJ c6
duc,Jc giay phep d6 (18). Rot CUQC, Dupleix
cung phai cap cho Poivre chiec Machault
(19), khcJi hanh tu Pondichery thang 7-
1749, den Da Niing thang 8-1749 (20).
T:;ii Dang Trong, truoc he't Poivre xm
tri,tc tie'p gi}.p Vo vuong va duc,Jc d6n tie'p
n6ng nhi�t. Nhung thi,tc te bu6n ban phu
phang da phu bong den Jen di,t djnh ky
vc;mg cu.a Poivre, nhi�t huyet dfin tan bien
Bang 1
Thai
1742-1743gian
· M6 vang: tru lui;mg 16-n, 16-n nhat
thu(lc tinh Cham, each H(li An 8 d('lm.
Thi thoang nh{it duo-c CJC vang n{ing
khoang 2 onces. Duo-c thu gom du6'i
d1;Ulg vang VJn ho{ic tung CJC nh6
(vang cat), n§u thanh th6i (d6ng thanh
Tai
g6i) dem ra cho- ban nhu hang h6a
nguyen
binh thucmg.
+ san
- Trai cay: Tham, vai, xoai, mit, dua,
v�t + cam, chanh, chu6i. H6i tieu, cau, trau
hai r§t nhitu. Nhi�u vai bong, nhung
cang khong bi�t_ d�t thanh vai ct�p. Tr6ng
dau nuoi tarn, nhung Iva d�t chua d�p.
- Ducmg t6t nh§t cua An Do, lili
400%.
. Hai cang l&n nh§t la Hoi An. Cang
Nu6'c Man cling t6t, thu� ti�n cho
vi�c mua l11a va cau.
8/1749 - 2/1750
- Hang h6a dM nhu vang, trfun huong-ky nam, nga voi, I11a
kh11ng duo-c b6n c11ng khai.
· KM khan lam m6'i tim duo-c vai tfun l11a lo(li hai. 300 hay
400 ll ducmg lo(li hai phai tra dilt hon
- La XU' s6' cua vang, nhung kh11ng cun th§y vang CJ d<'ly
mra, tni ducmg va h6 tieu. M6 16-n nh§t a Fououserac [Phu
Au (sach) g&n Hue] (25) nguyen ch§t nh§t the gi&i.
· To I11a t6t nh§t 6' tinh Quang Ngili, gia thay d6i theo san
lui;mg.
- Go h6ng m()c, go lim, sapan, que, dan huong...
- Trfun huong: huong tham hon CJ Xiem, eo Malacca. C6 3
lo(li: hao h1;U1g nh§t la kl nam [r§t dill, r§t nhieu nhva], thu
hai la trfun huong [mau trilng, nhieu d6m den nh6, nhi;,
cung c6 lili 16-n], thu ba la tien huong [c6 mau trilng, nh�
va it nhva hon hai lo(li tren]. Ngoai ra con c6 4 lo(li khac:
xanh huO'ng, Lao? huO'ng, nhdt? huO'ng, nhj? huO'ng.
. Hue la Kinh do. H(li An la thuong cang sfun u§t nh§t.
Yinh Da Nang la noi b6 neo an toan.
4. - Chi buon ban voi nguoi Trung Qu6c hoac
Nh�l !3an.
- Nguoi Trung Qubc mang d�n: d6ng d<i,
d6ng b(l.ch, tra, d6 SLI, lla theu, duqc lieu
(cay d(li hoang, mc)c huang, nhan sam, hoang
lien, huang lieu, r� cay, gi�y, sanh SLI...)
nuon
- Trung Qu6c thuo-ng mang hang mua tu
Dang Trang vt vang, nga ,·oi, trfun hm:mg,
ban v<ri duong phen, cau, g6 nhuc)m, h6 tieu, g(lc (xs1)
nu6c huau, ca mubi, (t6) y€n sao, vj thu6c, sung
trong te, dfulg ho�g, d�u son.
khu VlfC
- Cach thuc mua ban: thuy�n truong Trung
Qu6c n◊p len tri�u dinh danh sach hang h6a,
cung qua bieu (tuy theo de xet thu�). sau d6
do hang chuyen len so thuang chinh. Chi khi
vien quan thu theu den m6i duqc tien hanh
buon ban. Phai c6 qua len quan thuang
chinh, gQi la On/aibotao (Ong cai be) tau?)
- Nguoi Cochinchine rat ua chuc)ng hang Au;
chi nen cho it den ban.
- Mat hang d� ban: d6ng, sill, pha le, vai
m6ng mau sac so, kiem, da quy, chi kim
tuyen, luu huynh, duqc li¢u, y te, sam
Canada, viii hong di�u, tham k1eu Ba Tu, viii
lluon Anh, vong tay, khuyen tai.
ban v<ri - Hang bi€u vua: guang soi, dong h6 qua lie,
nguoi da quy, gfun theu, den ao thu�t, lang kinh,
phuang kinh vi�n vQng, tham len, khi11 trai ban...
Tay Cung phai co qua bieu qu:'lll.
- "Xucft khcfu nh6n !;re": C6 the mang di
nguoi lao done, thq n§u duo-ng, det lla, dy
ru(>ng, xay nha...
- Thong tin can thiet de tien hanh buon ban 6
Nh�n
Dang Trang
xet
chung
thay vao d6 la chu6i ngay am dl;l,m tuy�t
v9ng. Chi thang 2 nam sau (tuc chi nva
nam 6 Dang Trong), tau Machault rcJi Dang
Trong, va c6 ve nhtt Poivre khong di;it ll;l,i
van M tr6 l�i Dang Trong nua (21)1
3. Nhu chu.ng t6i di'i trinh bay 6 tren,
Poivre viet hoi ky ve xu Dang Trong sau
chuyen di den Quang Chau nam 1741.
Tren ducJng tr6 vi£ nuoc, theo nhu nghien
cuu sau nay, Poivre c6 qua Dang Trong va
39
- Hang h6a nguai Hoa mang den: kcm dong thiec
gi�y, tril, chi, g6m SLI (xanh tho)... llan'g h6a �ang,
vt vang, ta s6ng, nga voi. duo-ng (trfulg va phcn),
h6 lieu, cau, gb lam mc)c. Duong trfulg nha,p tu HOi
An m6i nam, thu 400% lqi nhuan. Thuy�n Trung
Qubc d0n Dilllg Trang vao khoang thang I, 2. Mua
buon ban keo dai dfn thang 9.
- Nguai Chan L(l.p ti�n hanh buon ban 6 khu vvc
Dong Nai
- KM khrui voi .:ac mat hang nhu vang, g6 tdm
huang, nga voi, ta. Mu6n c6 duqc nhCmg hang h6a
tren phili dung muu m�o va quan he bi mat, hbi lo
quan ls1i neu khong st'! gap tro ng(li hay bi cu6p
- Nha chua keo kiet, d6t nat. Dan chung s6ng trang
tam tbi, tlm each chon gi�u ti�n cung do quy tranh
bi lung, bi cu6p.
- Buon ban cua nguoi !36 6 Dang Trang: hang nam
cu tau 500-600 lfui d0n day. C6 mot chi di€m, 6 d6
nguoi 136 n6i tieng ban ngil'. HQ mang den Dang
Trong: b(l.ch dong, che, su tu Trung Qu6c; xu§t
cang duo-ng, trfun huang, to s6ng. Ho(lt dong h(l.n
che, khong chic ch�. hay bi phi�n nhi�u.
- Nam 1747 c6 mot nguoi Anh ten la Douff di! den
Dang Trang va c6 gap chua Nguy�n. ket qua c6 ve
t6t d�p.
- Cong ty gap kh6 khrui k.hong khic phlC n6i: l�p
chi diem va dµ an buon ban.
- N�n cai trj 6 Dang Trang khong t6t.
- C� thiet phai c6 ca s6 (phao dai chfulg h(l.n) 6
day. Dan chung nhut nhat. Phili hi�u biet chinh xac
ve XLI nay,
dung l�i tl;li day trong 2 nam (22). N9i dung
ban ghi chep kha da dl;l,ng (khong tranh
khoi Vl.D vi;it, thong tin tr,Jc quan), Hon
nua, day chi la 'ghe' sau khi r2Ji Trung
Quoc, chu dinh hay tinh ccJ ghi chep
"nghien cuu lich S11 ti nhicn n6 cung cap
cho toi m9t Be) Su'll t§.m Ion" (23), thoa man
trf to mo cu.a m9t thanh nien tre, say me
khoa h9c 1§.n d§.u ra nuoc ngoai (xem them
phJ llC).
5. 40
H6i ky ue' xu Dang Trang niim 1744 da
dvQc dich va xuat ban b�ng tieng Viet (24)
va cJ day chung t6i xin hrQc qua nhtrng diJm
chfnh cua ban m6 ta (description) nam
1749-1750 ve xu Dang Trong, nQi dung
g6:n 46 ph§.n:
Khcii hide lich su' Dang Trang; Vua Dang
Trang [tuc chua Nguyen); Trie'u dinh
[chfnh quyen chua Nguyen); Quye'n Luc cua
nha uua Dang Trang; Cung dien cua uua;
Quan d6i, Phcio binh; Hai quan; Thanh tri;
Lu(l.t le; To'ng trci'n (iinh trlicJng); Lu(l.t
phcip; Phcip lu(l.t ua m¢nh l¢nh, Nghe thu(l.t;
Tranh; Am nhac; Y h9c; Ky thua.t cd khi;
Kinh thdnh; Phong tuc ua ta.p qucin; An
m¢ic; Nghe' nghiep; Dja hinh; Dong u(l.t;
Thien chua gicio ua gicio si; Thi:J bie'u tli<;ing;
Bu6n bcin cue nglidi Hoa ucti Dang Trang;
Br;i.ch do'ng; Vang; Lua; Hat tieu; Nga uoi;
Bong; Seit; G6 lam !7.hd; Dlii:Jng; Cay chdm;
Thu6c nhu6m; Mua mau dich; Bu6n ban
cua nglidi B6 cl Dang Trang; Nglii'ii Anh;
Nglidi Ha Lan; Nglidi Chan Lap, Champa,
thli<;tng uc ha Lao hay Lao; Tieng Dang
Trang.
Vc'Ji ghi chep ve tht!dng m?i, tren Cd scJ
thtrc te bu6n ban nam 1749-1750 vc'Ji ban
h6i ky 1742-1743 c6 thJ dua ra m(>t so so
sanh (Xem Bang 1).
So vc'Ji cac du ky khac (m(>t so sach da
dtrQc djch va xuat ban b�ng tieng Viet (26),
ban ghi chep cua Pierre Poivre kh6ng phai
la dai, chi tiet. Nhtrng trong thdi di&m gitra
the ky XVIII, ghi ch�p cua Poivre i?i c6 gia
tri, nhat la cho nhung ngu6i Phap dtrong
thdi trong n6 h,rc xuc tien thtrdng m?i a til.m
nha ntroc, cung nhtr ph§.n nao cho thay cac
m?t dcti song cua Dang Trong hien t6n. Hon
nua, trong ghi chep nam 1749-1750 ngoai
nhung van de lien. quan den buon ban,
Poi,·re da n6i ve tinh hlnh tin nguang ban
dia va tlnh hinh Thien chua giao, giao si
cung nhu m(>t so thong tin khac ma ban ghi
chep nam 1744 chua c6.
Poivre Jen tau rcti Dang Trong mang
theo "buc thu" cu.a chua Nguyen. Poivre
viet cho cong ty tu Ile de France m(>t m?t
ttrctng trinh ve chuyen di, cung voi d6 la
"ban d;ch buc thu" tren gui den vua Phap.
Poivre nMn duqc ban sao buc thu tu
Noelene, von truoc d6 da dtr<;Jc m(>t giao si
dich tu tieng Annam sang tieng Phap voi
lcti cam ket het sue dam bao tinh nguyen
ban. D6 cung la dieu ma sau nay cac nha
nghien cuu con nghi ngct ve tfnh xac th1,1c
cua n6. N(>i dung buc thu da du9c cong bo,
con nhieu van de cfo phai ban. C6 le do
muc d9 than thiet nong nhiet mcii gQi cua
chua Dang Trong cho nen thuong mai vc'Ji
Phap quoc, cung nhu tj tri cua Dang Trong
trong khu vi.,rc BiJn Dong nen "ucti Poiure,
tlidng Lai cua Phcip qu6c phdn lon ndm d
Inda-chine" (27). Phai doan rcii khoi Dang
Trong ma khong cl& l?i m(>t ai dJ thong bao
tinh hinh 6 day cung nhtr khu vi.,rc va viec
tiep tlc nghien cuu tinh hinh xu d6. Theo
nhu Poivre hanh d(mg d6 cu.a cong ty la
dung dfo! (28)
Khu vi,i.y, ve du ky nam 1742-1743 va
1749-1750 c6 th& thay chuyen di lfo thu
nhat khong mang su menh chinh thuc, nhtr
tac gia sau nay n6i la muon viet l?i hong c6
dtrQc m(>t danh gia nao d6 khi CIO muon
tien hanh bu6n ban 6 day. Cho nen, ghi
chep ciia Poivre cung kha phong phu, da
d?ng, tn,rc quan cho du chtra di sau vao ban
chat th1,1c te va ch?m buon ban. Trong khi
d6, chuyen di thu hai da d?t dtr9c m(>t giay
phep dtrQc bu6n ban vc'Ji ngu<Ji dan cua
vuong quoc Dang Trong (29), dieu d6 khien
cho "Da.'t nzi(/c Phcip la nllclc clau tien dc;zt
dur;c tit Chinh quye'n Dang Trang m9t giay
phep loai nay" ma vai nam sau d6 ngubi Ha
Lan cung chi dam xin XO dieu tt!dng t,( (30);
6. dii mang ve duqc cay giong c6 ich, nhieu
giong thtfc v�t, trung dim, coi xay g::io,
trong d6 la lo::ii lua trong duqc tren doi nui
cao - Lua nitdng hay Lua kh6 d Dang Trang -
le riz sec a la Cochinchine ma chau Au
dung ph6 bien (31). Con stf "thieu thanh
cong" (32) cung dii duqc Poivre k& ra sau
d6. Ro rang, thtfc te buon ban dii lam nan
long nhung thuong thuyet gia nhu Poivre.
M�c du sau Poivre, CIO a Pondichery cung
dii ctt cac doan thuong luqng den Dang
Trang, nhung vai nhiing ngucJi duqc ctt di,
vi$c tham nh�p vao thi trt12Jng se dien ra
nhu the nao, P.Poivre c6 vai tro gi?
4. Sau chuyen di khong thanh cua
Poivre, CIO (d Pondichery) dii stp xep m9t
chuyen di Dang Trang vai mi;t trang hai
m1,1c dich (nh� nhang hon): ho¢,c l(j,p dit(/c
m¢t chi diem d H¢i An, hay chi xin ditc;Jc
giuy phep giao dich thitiJng nien ma kh6ng
ccin c6 chi diem. Theo d6, niim 1752 (?),
Edmond Bennetat (giao si MEP) dii xin duqc
Dupleix den Dang Trang va dii g$p duqc Vo
vuong xu nay. Nhung ngay sau d6 bi tr1,1c
xuat. Dupleix ctt tiep (De) Rabec (tren chiec
tau Fleury) sang Dang Trang. Theo nhv kho
luu trii d Pondichery hi$n vfo chva tim duqc
tu li�u ve ket qua cua chuyen di tren (33).
C6 th& n6i, day Ia no ltfc rat tao b::io va
quyet tam cua Dupleix b<Ji chi vi�c cam d::io
niim 1750 cung dii khien ngucJi phuong Tay
phai rat th{m tr9ng.
Nhu chung ta deu biet CIO tan rii sau
niim 1769. Con doi voi xu Dong An thi tu
nam 1761-1765 CIO von dii hoan toan bien
milt d day (34). Dv2Jng nhv dt! an thuong
m::ii se di den hoi ket. Nhung Jue nay trieu
dinh Phap btt dfo c6 nhiing d9ng thai tfch
eve hon cha xu Dong An. Chinh sv Ian luot
cua ngucJi Anh dii kich d9ng moi lo cua trieu
dinh Phap, den noi mi;t uy ban duqc ra d2Ji
d& ban ve vi$c phai l�p duqc Cd sd d chau A.
4-1
NgucJi ta nghien cuu I::ii ho so cua CIO,
tham van y kien ca nhan va di/,c bi�t c6 tfnh
ca phuong an vu trang (35). Theo d6, sau
khi hoi y kien va duqc gqi y hoi "ngucJi am
hi�u nhat" (le plus apte) xu Dang Trang,
Thuqng thu Qu�n cong De Praslin dii viet
buc thv tu Versailles de ngay 29-2-1768
cha Poivre, buc thv c6 do::in:
"Li¢u vi¢c thiet l(),p cd sci nay [d Dang
Trang] ccin phai bj thlt thcich bdng con
dit&ng thuyet phuc, thit<tng litc;Jng va d<tn
gian chi vcti m9t m6n dciu cd bu6n bcin tit
mot vai nha buon, hay tot hdn het la ph6
tritdng lite lit<;1ng hai qu{in nao d6 Va quan
c!9i de'thiet l(l.p m¢t cd sd ch&c ch&n".
Ngay 1-8-1768, tu Ile de France,
P.Poivre, khi d6 49 tu6i, gui thv phuc clap
vj quan cong tren, sau m9t lo::it nhung mo
ta ve tinh hinh Dang Trang (kha ky ve Ive
luqng vu trang), buc thu c6 do:;m:
"Con dit&ng thuyet phµ,c va thitdng lit<tng
se khong dem Lai ldi ich gi; con neu ph6
tritdng lite litc;Jng hai quan 19,i XU nay thi
phai lam the' nizo de'ch&c ch&n thanh cong;
phai scin sang hanh d9ng khi ph6 tritdng.
Phai d(!t ngot chiem lay Hoang cung va b6.t
giii nha vua di lay ditc;Jc kho tang cua ngai
ho6.c dilng ph6 trit<tng ll/c lit(/ng gi ed... "
"Neu tim mi;t noi d6 bi; thi d6 la ctta
song Hue vi Hue la kinh do. Tct ctta song
nay, ngucJi ta c6 th& nguqc Jen bflng sa !up
va mat 5 hay 6 tieng d& vao ctta hoang cung
duqc xii.y ben bcJ con song nay va phai baa
vay lay n6" (36).
N6i chung, trong n9i dung phuc dap,
P.Poivre 'khong chut m�p mcJ' (37) nhan
m�nh nhieu l�n den sue m::inh quan d9i,
chi c6 n6 moi dam baa thanh cong.
Xin n6i them sau d6 (niim 1775), ke·
hoach 7 di&m (khong thanh) cua De Rothe
trinh Jen B9 t.rttdng (Thuqng thu) Hang hai
7. 42
De Sartine trong d6 c6 hai diJm rat dang
luu y: J. S11 dung quan slj: nha vua (Louis
XVI) cho stt dmg chien h�m Nourrice du
cho mQt chien dtch 20 thang; 2. Muc dich
buon ban: xin vua Dang Trong cho tt,t do
buon ban va thi hanh l�i hi$p dnh cu (38).
Nhu vfl.y, c6 le can cu tren nhvng hanh
hanh d9ng cua Poivre ke·t hqp voi boi canh
trong va ngoai mroc Phap c6 y kien cho
r�ng neu nhvng dt,t an thuong m?i thanh
cong thi nuoc Phap se thiet l�p duqc 'cd sd
an toan'='thu()c dia' (colonie) cJ Dong Duong
giva the ky XVIII thay vi giva the ky XIX
(1858) nhu sau nay. Cach danh gia nhu v$.y
nhin chung can cu nhieu vao d9ng thai n9i
cac cua chinh quyen Choiseul-Praslin doi
voi "diJm tt,ta" Dang Trong i'J chau A. Rieng
trong trudng hqp Poivre, chung toi cho r�ng
khong c6 can cu khi de c�p den vi$c xam
luqc cua Phap trong thc,i gian nay neu dV
an buon ban cua P.Poivre thanh cong vao
giva the ky XVIII:
- Thu nha't: Ngay tu d&u, nhi$m Vl cua
Poivre chi g6i g9n trong 2 m1,1c tieu thtWng
m�i thu&n tuy. Thfc te chuye·n di cua
Poivre cung khong n�m ngoai hai m1,1c tieu
tren. Vi vfl.y, se khong thay bat ngd khi
Poivre toan tam cho nhi�m Vl thu hai, bi'Ji
dich than vi Bi? trui'Jng Hang hai da tung
nhan m�nh Poivre se luu danh muon thua
neu ong dJ lie de France c6 thJ canh tranh
duqc voi qu&n dao Moluques ve nhvng m$t
hang tinh nay. M�t khac, thdi di�m nam
1750 chung kien sv bvt pha cua EIC doi voi
hai mi;it hang d9c quyen tuy�t doi cua VOC
la dinh huong va nhl,lc d?u khau. Phap
cang c6 ly do dJ chen chan vao qua trinh
gianh gi?t tren (39).
Ghi chep l&n thv hai ve kh6 khan cua
chuyen di cho thay tinh tr�ng kinh te - xa
h9i ban xv, chinh quyen trung uong dang
tren dudng suy thoai, th6i ha 1�m cua quan
l�i Dang Trong duqc nhung thuong nhan
nuoc ngoai phan anh va dudng nhu <;leu c6
m9t nh?n xet chung la khong th& duy tri
m9t nen thuong mai 'dung nghi:a' voi chinh
quyen Dang Trong.
- Thu hai: Ngudi ta thay r�ng tu dftu
dudng nhu c6 di? venh dang k& giua ban
lanh d�o CIO i'J hai ngo�i vdi chfnh quoc.
Ban than CIO i'J hai ngo�i cung chia thanh
hai phfo, theo hai khuynh huong phat
tri�n khac bi$t luc d6 (40). Nhin chung, m9i
ho?t d9ng cho vung Vi�n Dong (Dong An)
duqc 'khoan td.ng' cho ban lanh d�o CIO i'J
Pondichery, m$c du CIO trong thdi gian
d§u mang tfnh chat Cl.la mQt cong ty nha
nuoc (etatique). Chuyen di "thieu thanh
cong" cua Poivre khong biet c6 n�m trong
tfnh toan cua Pondichery hay khong?
Nhung dudng nhu voi hai m1,1c tieu cu.a
chuyen di nam 1749 Pondichery da mudng
tuqng ket qua cu.a chuyen di r6i. Hon nGa,
cung phai thay la CIO i'J Pondichery, m$c
du dang phai doi ph6 voi ngudi Anh i'J day,
cung da c6 nhftng no lfc lien tiep sau
chuyen di cua Poivre. Trong khi chua c6 s1,1
thong nhat thi nhftng dV an thuong m�i se
chi dung l�i i'J "tren giay", cung nhu thieu
tfnh kha thi, bat Ive! Nhu tac gia
J.Buttinger cho r�ng tu nam 1720-1780 c6
toi 12 !fin ki&u df an "trenve danh nghia"
(on paper) nhu V?Y (41).
Sau chuyen di gftn 20 nam, khi duqc hoi
ve vi¢c 'tri'J l�i Dang Trong', Poivre nhan
m�nh phai dung den 'l(c lt19ng vu trang'.
Xin nhan m?nh Ia phfin nao chu truong d6
da duqc ba tuoc Estaing (Charles Hector,
1729-1794, ngudi chua lfin nao d?t chan
den Dang Trong) g9i y trong nhftng nam
1758-1759, gfin nhat trong m9t buc thu de
ngay 10-4-1768, We hon 4 thang truoc khi
c6 phuc dap cua Poivre len Qu�n cong De
Praslin (42). Neu can cl! tren th(c te, xet
8. den tfnh th,lc thi cua d1 an, danh gia cua
Poivre nam 1768 du9c coi la s§c sao (43). 0
thcJi di§m hi$n t6n, ngoai vi$c phai C1C ky
tMn tr9ng khi nhln nMn boi canh dvong
thoi, mi;i.t khac cung "cdn phdi litu y cJ day
la Poivre chi g<;Ji y de'n vi¢c su' d1"ng vii, lite
vi nhitng n6i tha't v9ng cua minh trong
chuyen di den Dang Trang nam 1749-1750"
(44), trong hai thoi di§m khac nhau. Va v6i
y nhv vi).y "Poivre da nghieng ve vi$c bo
qua l9i fch rieng ma minh phai ganh vac
trv6c !Qi fch cao ca cua dan t9c" (45).
- Thu ba: Tren blnh di$n khu vtJc, theo
nhln nhi).n cua hoc gia Milton Osborne, the
ky XVIII tren het la the' ky cuoi cung ma
trong d6 the gi6i Dong Nam A truyen thong
chi phoi hay mang tfnh ph6 quat, Jue d6
h§u nhv si,r hi$n di$n cua Au chau (ngo1;1i
trit phfa b§c Philippin va Java) con het sue
h1;1n chc (46).
Trang ni'ta d§u the ky XVIII, nhin chung
quan h� Dang Trang va Dang Ngoai dang
trong tlnh tr1;1ng hoa blnh. Nhu cfiu thuong
mai da thoai trao cJ ca hai mien, thi thoang
v§.n con dau d6 cac chuyen di thvong thuyet
va nha chua cung khong man ma cha ]§m
trong bo'i canh tuong doi binh yen nhv vi).y.
Si,r bat 6n chfnh tri dien ra ngay cang
m!).nh me dv6i thoi chua Vo vvong, trflm
tr9ng dv6i tay phe dang cua Truong Phuc
Loan, tu giua the ky XVIII hi$n tuQng
"tr9m cudp n6i di).y tu tung" cJ Dang Trang...
Va sau nay, day cung la dja ban cha CUQC
khcti nghTa nong clan 16n nhat, m1;1nh me
nhat la phong trao nong clan Tay Son clien
ra vao thi).p nien 70. Cu9c n9i chien ket
thuc, gianh gi6i Dang Ngoai - Dang Trang
bi x6a bo, trong thoi gian d§u, trieu
Nguyen (1802-1945) dVQc coi la m9t trong
nhung th§ che m1;1nh, m9t cucJng quoc trong
khu vtJc.
43
Neu nhv dfiu the ky XVIII, vi tri cua
Dang Trang da s6m du<;Jc nhin nhi).n nhvng
S1 thieu thong nhat hay lvang 11 qua
nhung baa ca.a rat ngt!QC nhau thi).m chf
tuong phan, tat yeu se trci thanh ke di sau.
Bv6c ngoi;i.t chi thi,rc St! xay ra khi ngvcJi
Anh d§y Phap den nguy co phai tlm ngay
m9t 'di§m t)Ja', li).p m9t co sci m6i ci Vien
Dong (tu thi).p nien 60). "Neu hQ [ngucJi
Anh) quyet dinh trv6c chung ta, chung ta
se mai mai bi loc,1i; chung ta se mat m9t
di§m t)Ja quan tr9ng cJ phfin nay cu.a chau
A, [neu c6) n6 se cha chung ta trci thanh
nhung ba chu d� ngan chi;i.n ngttcJi Anh
trong thoi chien ho1;1t d9ng thvcmg m1;1i cua
h9 v6i Trung Quoc, btng each baa v$ ph§n
dat cua chung ta ci An D9 va se khien h9
luon phai lo !§ng khong nguoi" (47). C6
dt!QC co sci Cochinchine, Phap se t1;10 thanh
the chan kieng: hai C!).nh la An D9 (v6i cac
thuong diem) va Cochinchine, con d1nh se
la Mascareignes (48).
*
Nhtt vi).y, cac chuyen di cu.a Poivre vao
khoang giua the' ky XVIII, tren co scJ so
sanh v6i nhung phai doan khac, c6 th§
du<;Jc coi la kha diJn hlnh. Tu m9t chang
trai tre tu6i, sang Dang Trang dflu tien khi
m6i 22 tu6'i, v6i tam thuc cu.a m9t nha khoa
h9c, th6y tu, ham muon di dJ kham pha,
tlm hi§u ve cac xv ci Vien Dong, nen nhung
ghi chep cua Poivre nhln chung kha phong
phu, ccii mcJ, tr,lc quan va phfln nao khach
quan ve XU Dang Trang. Trai qua nhung
thi't thach va mat mat sau chuyen di nam
1741, Poivre dV<;JC phai sang Dang Trang
nam 1749 (Jue d6 30 tu6i, rcJi MEP nam
1747) v6i tu each cua m9t chinh khdch, nha
bu6n, v6i m1,lc dfch tim m9t co sci thuong
mc,1i, thu !<;Ji nhui).n c0nh tranh, 'hq,t tieu
(49) di tim hitdng lieu!'. C6 th§ n6i, Poivre
9. 44
la mot ng.1dl giau kinh nghi¢m, tung trai,
phuc t9p, cung d§y tham vong. Cho den
truoc khi c6 phai doan chfnh thuc tu Phap
den Dai Vi�t dfo the ky XIX, thi day la n6
h,tc Ion nhat cua trieu dinh Versailles cho
m9t chuyen di den Dang Trong, trong khi
ph§n nhicu ngucJi khcJi xuong chi la nh6m
hay nhung ca nhan ddn le.
nhung ghi chep va danh gia cua Poivre
(sau nam 1750) voi chu ngh'ia thl,tc clan
Phap. Hin nhien cac bao cao, gb chep, mo
ta... sau d6 nhu Rabec, Estaing... duQc dl,ta
tren nhfrng tai li�u truoc, nhat la trong thcJi
di�m hien t9i, nhung di�n bien chinh tri -
kinh te tu nva sau the ky XVIII da thay d6i
va khac rat nhieu. Ke ho9ch d6 da du<;Jc
cung co bcJi quyet tam cua chfnh quyen moi,
cung nhu con ngudi moi tren Cd Sd nhung
nh�n thuc cua thcJi d9i. Luc nay m1,1c tieu
kinh te (buon ban song phudng) da nhucJng
cha cho nhung tfnh toan ch?t che voi
nhung bi�n phap hieu qua, quyet liet hon.
Sl,t thay d6i d6, cung nhu vi�c md r9ng
banh truong cua Phap tu giua the ky XVIII
la qua trinh lich sv phuc t9p, doi hoi nhung
cong trinh nghien cuu tiep theo.
Th,tc te· ljch sv sau nay cho thay da c6
n"it nhieu chuyen di, d9i di�n thuong
thuyet den Dang Trong, tu m1,1c tieu
thudng m9i den tim m9t cho dung roi thu9c
dia. Chuyen di cua Poivre cung nbm trong
chuoi lien t1,1c nhu v$.y. Neu chuyen di cua
Poivre duQc nghien cuu (khai thac) c1,1 th�
va duQc quan tam hdn thi nhieu kha nang
CIO d Pondichery se th,tc hien nhung du an
tiep theo. Nhung cung d� di den danh dong
Phu luc
Cac chuycn di cua Poivre tu nam 17-H-1757
(Tu n�m 1741 - 10/1748 chung tOi dlIJ v:'lo loi ke trong h6i ky cua Poivre. Cle chuye·n di tlfngay 23/10/1748-1757 da
duqc Henri Cordier trong Voyages de Pierre Poi,-re de 1748 j11sq11'ci 1757, pp. 56-59 nghien CIJ'U va liet ke.
:-;�m ; i Khoi h n h tl! Pon Louis tri!n tau Man de j :: 21 .•_ ·' j Roi Manila tren tau Cheval Marin
..17-l1..; -··-·--·- i..den Trung_Q'!_6c. ···--·-···. ···---··-···-i '.····--·---:···--·-----·-- -----
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. : 1757 i 22-4 I Trove Phao
10. CHUTHiCH
(1). Ho(!./ dqng cu a Cong ty Dong An Phd.p vai
DQ.i Vi¢/ (nu'a sau th{ hy X11/-giita th{ ky XfIII)
Tap chi Nghien cuu L_ich stt, so 9 (365)-2006, tr.
51-64.
45
(10). Luc d6 2J Phap c6 y tap hdp nhung ghi
chep cua nhung nhil du hanh, vii Poivre, ngubi
ho.;it d9ng suot 2 the ky qua dut;ic nh&c den trong
qua trinh chuftn bj cho Phap c6 dude cho d11ng
(2) N · · Anh · · D' N
·
697 chiin vung chiic 2J lndo-Pacifique. Madeleine Ly-. gud1 rd1 ang goi:11 niim l ,
ng't(di Hi:l Lan niim 1700. Ngudi Bo vfo con di lai
giua Macao vii Di:lng Ngoai nhung cuug rat han
che.
(3). 'Dai di�n thudng mai' do la nhung giao si.
(4). Cac cu(>c tiu da giua m9t ngi.tdi Phap voi
m9t nguiii Bo Di:lo Nha, thu tu cua Anh va Hi:l Lan
cung de cap difr: cu(>c tranh cai tham chi voi nhung
ngubi cung thudng diem.
(5). Denys Lombard, Voyageurs (rancais dans
l'Archipel insulindien, X1/Ieme, Xfl/leme,
XJXeme s. Archipel, vol 1, No 1,1971, p. 150.
(6). Trong m9t buc thu g{ti tu Xiem de ngi:ly 5-
11-1686. Doc doan thlt d6 noi chung Veret danh
gia rat cao ve Con Dao tren ca hai phudng di�n !di
ich kinh te (ngu6n hang bu6n ban) vi:l vi tri dia ly.
Xem Memoire sur l'lsle de Poulo Condor,
surnommee Isle d·Orlec.ns en Chine. Revue
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(7). Gaide, Notice historique sur Paulo Condore.
BAVH,avril-juin,1925, pp. 87-103.
(8). Bue thu cua Renault de nay 25-7-1723 ket
lu�n: "une isle a abondonner plut6t qu'i:l occuper".
Henri Cordier, Melanges d.histoire et de
geographie orientale. Tome III. Jean Maisonneuve
& fils, Paris, 1922. Voyages de Pierre Poivre de
1748jusqu·a 1757. p. 68.
(9). une autorisation de libre commerce (licence
de commerce). Theo nhu Malleret thi chi tim thay
dut;ic ban dich buc thu ma Friel! g{ti cho Godeheu
(de ngay 26-2-1747) tu Quoc ngu, vi:l cua m9t ban
dicb tieng Latin. Van ban ni:ly de ngi:ly 3-11-1744.
Louis Malleret, Une tentative ignoree
d'etablissement (rancais en /ndochine au X1Ille
siecle. Les vues de l'Amiral d'Estaing. Bulletin de
la Societe des etudes Indochinoises. Tome XV11,
N°
1,J.942, Sai Gon, p. 37.
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2, 1967,
pp. 453-512.
(II). Voyages de Pierre Poit-re de 1748 jusqu·a
1757. D3. d;in, p. 66: "L'autre [dV an thu hail avait
pour objet !'acquisition des plants d'epiceries fines
pour !es transporter dans nos Isles de France et de
Bourbon".
(12), (21), (27), (35), (38). Charles Maybon,
Histoire moderne du Pays d'Annam (1592-1820).
Etude sur !es premiers rapports des europeens et
des Annamites et sur l'etablissement de la
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(13, (39), (44). Mad�leine Ly-Tio-Fane,Pierre
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462,471.
(14). Oeuvres complettes de P.Poiure. Intendant
des Isles de France et de Bourbon, correspondant
de l'academie des sciences, etc; Paris. 1797. Notice
sur la vie de P.Poivre, Ancient intendant des Isles
de France et de Bourbon. In niim 1786. p. 5
(15). Nhung tu li�u ve Poivre dut;ic H.Cordier
c6ng bo liln dilu tren Revue d'Extreme-Orient (Tap
chi Vien Dong - REO): Voyage de Pierre Poivre en
Cochinchine. REO, vol 3, n I, 1885, pp. 81-121.
Memoire sur la Cochinchine. 1744. REO, vol 2,
juil-sept, 1884, pp. 324-327. Cac nghien cuu ve
Poivre cc thJ tra cuu cac tac gia: Henri Cordier,
Louis Malleret, M.Ly-Tio-Fane, Yves Laissus..
(16). Tr9ng tai 900 tan, trang bi 22 khilu dai
bac, 181 ngubi,thuyen t,u2Jng Jolif du Colombier,
kh2Ji hanh tu Orient ngily 23-10, tau giai giap 7-
1750. V0yages de Pierre Poivre de 1748 jusqu'a
1757. Da d�n, p. 72.
11. 46
( I 7) Joseph-Fm n,ois Dupleix (1697-1763) 'Cependant je suis porte a croire qu 'elle a bien agi,
thay Dunias tll' cuo'i 11:im 17-l l.
(18) Theo ttr li�u con ghi lai thi Friel d6i 5.000
pagoda ("' 17 500 rupi) thay vi 3.000 pagoda mil
H(li dong cho Friel. Charles Maybon, Histoire
moderne du Pays d'/nnam (1592-1820) . p. 160.
(19J Tr9ng tai GOO tan, trang bi 300 kh11u dai
bile, chci 180 11gt10i. thuyen tn1011g Christy de la
Palticrc. giai giilp 7-1751. Voyages de Pierre Poil're
de 1718jusqu·a 1757. Dii d::ln, p. 75.
(20) Trong hoi ky CLW minh Poivrc 116i Iii den
ccing Faifo (le port de Faifo) mil chu11g ta viin g9i
lil H(li An. nhtrng trcu thuc ti'i tilu cua Poivre dii
viio vinh Da N::lng ngily 29-18-17-19. Dicu nily dii
dttQc II.Cordier dinh chinh trong Voyages de Pierre
Poil're de 1748 jusqu·a 1757. Dii diin, p. 75. Ve
lhili d(l cua Duplcix dii cluoc C.lfoybon n6i ro trong
tile phllm cua 111i11h. Charles Maybon, Hisloire
moderne du Pays d'Annam (1592-1820) .. p. 160.
(22), (23), (30). Voyages de Pierre Poivre de
1748jusqu·a 1757. Dii d::ln, pp. 58, 59, 56-57.
(2-1). !guyen Phan Quang licJi kj t·e' XU
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su. so I (25-l)-1991, tr. 75-79. Mot philn trong silch
Charles Maybon, Hisloire moderne du Pays
d'Annam (1592-1820/.. Chu·ong: "Nhii'ng nguoi
chilu Aud 11/Qc An Nam" dii dtrc;ic dich sa11g tiifog
Vi�t. Nxb. The giQi, Ha !(Ji, 2006.
(25). Chu cua Kristine Alilunas-Rodgers trong
pbdn Description of Cochinchina, 1749-50. In
trong Southern Vietnam under the Nguyen.
Documents on the Economic History of
Cochinchina Wang Trang), 1602-1777. Edited by
Li Tana, Anthony Reid. Institute of Southeast
Asian Studies, Singapore, 1993, pp. 61-97.
(26). Tieu bi<3u nht( CUOll lvf6t chuyen du ho.nh
den Dang Ngoai nam 1688 CUD W.Dompier, M(il
ch11yJn du hanh den xu Nam I-la (1792-1793) cua
J.:Sarrow..
(28) Charles lfoybon, Hisloire moderne du
Pc,_,·s d'Annam (1592-1820/ Dii db11, p. L65. Philo
nily tile gia 11hi111 111:;inh (in nghieng) nhtr sau:
puisqu'elle n·a pasjuge a propos de le faire'.
(29). le chappe, "la permission de faire le
commerce dans toute J'etendue de son Royaume,
avec !'exemption de toutes sortes de droits...".
Voyages de Pierre Poivre de 1748jusqu·a 1757. Dii
dbn, p. 79
(31) Notice sur la vie de P.Poivre, Ancient
intendant des lsles de France et de Bourbon. In
nom 1786. D5 d5n, pp. 17-18. Ve sau (1787),
Thomos Jefferson, nh5n chuyen sang Phap, sau
khi d9c cuon sach cua Poivre, c6 nh�c t6i 6 loai Ilia
(3 lua mtQc, 3 lua nuong) mil Poivre n6i den o
Dang Trong.
(32). "dcfout de reussite". Charles Maybon,
Histoire moderne du Pays d'Annam (1592-1820)..
Dii d5.n, p. 165.
(33). Gaudort, Les archives de Pondichery et les
en/reprises de la compagnie francaise des lndes en
lndochine au XV!lle siecle. BAVH, N°
4, Oct-Dec,
1937, tr. 357.
(34). Khong ch1 rieng gi nguoi Phap mil sau
Thoa u6c Lally (1-1761) toiin b6 cac khu ngttoi Au
o d:5.y bi ph:'l huy, thuong mai cua Phap dinh don.
Gaudart, Les archives de Pondichery et les
en/reprises de la compagnie francaise des !ndes en
lndochine au XV//l' siecle. BAVH, N°
4, Oct-Dec.
1937, tr. 357.
(36). Georges Taboulet, La gesle Francaise en
lndochine. Hisloire par /es lex/es de la France en
lndochine des origines a 1914. Tome 1, Adrien
maisonoeuve, Paris, 1955, pp. 151-153. Charles
Maybon, Hisloire moderne du Pays d'Annam
(1592-1820) .. D5. d5.n, p. 170.
(37). Alastair Lamb, The Mandarin Road to
Old Hue, Archon Books, 1970. pp. 64-65.
(-10). Notice sur la vie de P.Poivre, Ancient
intendant des lsles de France et de Bourbon. Dii
d5.n. p. 21.
(41) Joseph Buttinger, The Smaller Dragon - A
Political History of Vietnam, Praeger Publishers,
1957, p. 227.
12. (42). Louis Malleret, Une tentative ignoree
d'etablissement francais en lndochine au XVI/le
siecle. Les uues de /'Amira! d'Estaing Da d§.n.
Georges Taboulet, La geste Francaise en
/ndochine .. p. 146
(43). "une preuve de plus c!e la perspicacite de
Poivre". Charles Maybon, Histoire moderne du
Pays d'Annam (1592-1820) .. p. 170, note 2
(45) Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane, Pierre Poiure et
/'expansion franc-aise dans l'/ndo-Pacifique.
BEFEO, vol 53, N°
2, 1967, pp. 453-512. Georges
Taboulct, La geste Francaise en lndochine... pp.
153-154.
47
(46). Milton Osborne, Southeast Asia-An
Introductory History. Ninth edition. Allen&Unwin,
Australia, 2004, pp. 41-43.
(47). Louis Malleret, Une tentatil'e ignoree
d'etablissement franr:ais en lndochine au XVI/le
siecle. Les vues de !'Amira! d'Estaing. Dii dan. p.
57
(48) Mascareignes n&m cJ An D6 Duong.
Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane, Pierre Poiure et
/'expansion francaise dans /'lndo-Pacifique.
BEFEO, vol 53, N°
2, 1967, p. 472.
(49). poivre (m) trong tieng Philp la hr;it (h6)
tieu (= pepper trong ticng Anh)