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Xmpp intro 2014
- 1. Y O US E E - M A R C H 2 0 1 4 S T E F F E N L A R S E N ! ! E M A I L / X M P P : S L A R S E N @ B R A I N T R U S T. D K ! T W I T T E R : @ Z O O L D K X M P P I N T R O
- 2. T H IS P R E S E N TAT I O N • Intro and presentation of the protocol • What is it?, Usage • Examples • Architecture and the basics • Advanced Topics and loose talk • Extensions • Plugins and components
- 3. X M PP I N T R O • What is it? • XMPP - eXtensible Message and Presence Protocol • Real time message system with presence • Routes small snipplets of XML - called stanzas • An Open Standard (RFC 6120 / 6121) • Earlier known as Jabber - 1998 (now Cisco trademark)
- 4. X M PP - W H AT & W H O ? • Who uses it? Most of you use it every day.. • Google (gtalk, hangouts (not federated), android push messages (GCM)) • Cisco (webex) • Apple iMessage and other • Facebook chat • whatsapp (FB purchased an open standard protocol for $19 billion!) heh! • Viber • Chesspark (chessgame) • Eve (Sci-fi game, in-game chat) • Even Micro$oft - their msg system
- 5. M Y XM P P I N V O LV E M E N T • Developed XMPP since 2007 (Ms.Thesis, pidgin plugin doing video/ VOIP, later gtalk) • Member of XMPP Standard Foundation (XSF) • Now also editor for new extensions (XEPs) • Done XMPP design and impl. for: • Open Source: Tigase, Strophe-plugins, XMPPConsole etc. • John Doe company. etc. for Nordija (Set-top-boxes and over-the-top TV and IPTV) • Thrane&Thrane / Cobham (Maritime Satellite Communication project - Maritime rescue service) • Danske Spil / BetWare (Game software for Bingo etc) • Livestation in-video group chat
- 6. X M PP A N D Y O U S E E • Use Presence for watching the number of concurrent clients and limit it • Send out notifications for specific users, devices and versions of software • Broadcast important notifications • Second Screen stuff • remote PVR • Exchange bandwidth? and set limits
- 7. X M PP B A S I C S • What can you do with it? • Everything you imagine (almost)! • More than just a chat, its ALL about real-time, presence and routing messages! • Real-time web, push it!
- 8. X M PP B A S I C S • Basic Services and applications • Presence (know who is online and what they do!): Taxi apps (like cabulous etc) • Contact / Buddy lists • Messaging (1-1 or group chat), customer service: Yammer, Google, JIVE • Push Notifications (individual or publish/subscribe): google GCM push, buddycloud, energy trading software • Service discovery and capability advertisement (know device type in realtime) • Geolocation and notifications • Video/Voice over IP (VOIP) - WebRTC IS coming! • Whiteboarding and collaborative text editing etc.
- 9. X M PP B A S I C S - W H Y X M P P ? • XMPP is an Open Standard (like HTTP) - XSF and the council does the work openly. (thus all clients, servers and libs work together) • Routing and presence out-of-the box! • Secure - channel encryption and authentication • Proven tech. Almost 15 years of dev. • Extensibility!.. We have above 300 extensions to the XMPP core. • Its a application protocol that is transport agnostic - use normal TCP, HTTP (old school polling), BOSH (long polling), or websockets. • Huge community and open standard community that works! • Decentralised. no stand-alone silos (hello whatsapp and FB!..)
- 10. X M PP A R C H I T E C T U R E
- 11. X M PP A R C H I T E C T U R E • XMPP can consist of many components: • Servers (many through federation) - your own or public ones! federate! • Plugins • Components • Clients (typically many..) • Proxies • Database, LDAP, SIP and other systems (gateways)
- 12. X M PP A D D R E S S I N G & R O U T I N G • Standard routing through JID • full JID: <id>@<domain>/<resource> (many logins/clients pr. user) • bare JID: <id>@<domain> (autom. resource by server) • Anonymous login (typically used in multiuser chat and customer support systems) • Domain routing like normal mail (smtp).
- 13. X M PP C O N N E C T I O N L I F E C Y C L E - S I M P L E • Connect with login or anonymous • Get resource (or supply it when logging in) • Send presence and capabilities to sever that you are online • Get roster (friends list)
- 14. X M PP C O N N E C T I O N L I F E C Y C L E • Client initiates a connection (typ. TCP) to the XMPP server over secure socket (SSL / TLS) • Opens an XML <stream> for a session • Negotiates stream features and SASL negotiation (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) • Typ. auth mechanisms: PLAIN, DIGEST-MD5, SCAM, EXTERNAL etc. • The client get bound to a resource, if none given by client • The client and server can now communicate with Stanza primitives • The clients sends out a presence Stanza • The client get his roster and does his stuff • The client ends session when done with his stuff • </stream> tag is send and TCP connection is closed again.
- 15. C O MM U N I C AT I O N P R I M I T I V E S • Stanzas (xml snipplets that flow async.) • <Presence/> • <Message/> • <IQ/> (Information/Query)
- 16. S TA NZ A S : P R E S E N C E • Sets and shows the availability of the entity that is connected. • chat • away • dnd (do not disturb) • Presence for the system and the subscribers of the entity (e.g. buddylist) • Specialized Presence extension (PEP) shows what music you are playing.. (see adium and pidgin for example)
- 17. S TA NZ A S : P R E S E N C E // initial simple presence <presence/> ! // sending away to subscribers <presence> <show>away</show> </presence> <presence> ! <show>dnd</show> <status>I am working.. </status> </presence> ! // before logging off.. <presence type='unavailable'/>
- 18. S TA NZ A S : P R E S E N C E // direct presence ! <presence from='juliet@example.com balcony’ to='romeo@example.net'/> ! // Capabilities.. version, voip etc. ! <presence from='romeo@example.net'> <c xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/caps' hash='sha-1' node='http://psi-im.org' ver='q07IKJEyjvHSyhy//CH0CxmKi8w='/> </presence>
- 19. S TA NZ A S : M E S S A G E • Using it to communicate with other clients • TO attribute • full JID: direct messaging to specific entity (e.g. device/computer). • bare JID: will route to one or more of the connected resources - depends of status, presence, message type etc. • Type attribute (chat, normal, groupchat, headline etc) - presentation and routing • Body Element - the message
- 20. S TA NZ A S : M E S S A G E // normal message (let the server decide where to route the message) <message from='juliet@example.com/balcony' id='ktx72v49' to='romeo@example.net' type='chat' xml:lang='en'> <body>Hi romeo where art thou?</body> </message> // direct message (in cases where you want to hit specific client / devices (yousee eg.) <message from='juliet@example.com/balcony' id='ktx72v50' to='romeo@example.net/thecastle' type='chat' xml:lang='en'> <body>will you come and visit?</body> </message>
- 21. S TA NZ A S : I Q • A more request / response model. For getting information and query the server / entities. • Request: GET / SET • Response: RESULT / ERROR • Using it for getting roster, ad-hoc command and statistics for server (if admin).. etc.
- 22. S TA NZ A S : I Q Example 1: User requests current roster from server ! UC: <iq from='romeo@example.net/orchard' id='hf61v3n7' type='get'> <query xmlns='jabber:iq:roster'/> </iq> ! Example 2: User receives roster from server ! US: <iq id='hf61v3n7' to='romeo@example.net/orchard' type='result'> <query xmlns='jabber:iq:roster'> <item jid='juliet@example.com' name='Juliet' subscription='both'> <group>Friends</group> </item> <item jid='benvolio@example.org' name='Benvolio' subscription='to'/> <item jid='mercutio@example.org' name='Mercutio' subscription='from'/> </query> </iq>
- 23. I I )A D VA N C E D T O P I C S • Extensions • Components, plugins and extensions • Internal routing and modifications via. plugins
- 24. X M PP E X T E N S I O N S • XSF defines a set of XMPP Extension Protocols (XEPs). • > 300 at the moment • Jingle (Gtalk VOIP) • MUC (multiuser chat / group chat), • file transfer • publish/subscribe • XMPP over Web sockets • XMPP over HTTP - BOSH (long polling) • XMPP over serverless messaging (Bonjour) • Compression algos. • Dataforms and ad-hoc commands • IoT extensions for data collection etc. • etc.
- 25. E X TE N S I O N S A N D N E W F O C U S A R E A S • The following areas spins of a lot of extensions at the moment: • WebRTC - federation and discovery • UPnP cloud - UPnP is going use XMPP standard for interconnecting devices! • Internet of Things (IoT ) / M2M (IoT with security and federation?! - wow) • Home devices • Second Screen • Big data / data collecting (for data gathering devices like thermostats, motor services etc)
- 26. P L UG I N S & C O M P O N E N T S
- 27. A D VAN C E D : P L U G I N S • Located on the server (bound to server, not that portable) • External Auth: either plain db, LDAP, REST or others. • Nice if you already have your users and just want to enable real-time push or other features from XMPP. Use your own DB or REST call (like yspro) • Make your own routing strategy if it does not exist yet • Filter messages • Collect statistics
- 28. A D VAN C E D : C O M P O N E N T S • Server is easily extensible with components (typ. business logic) • External - connects to server or vice versa • Handshakes and auth. with the server to get trusted • Its a protocol - hence not bound to server and thereby portable • Can be written in any language - just implement the simple protocol • Can interact on the whole domain or subdomain • Can alter the stanzas: to and from fields • Can send out new Stanzas etc.
- 29. A D VAN C E D : C O M P O N E N T S ! • Examples: • Gateways to skype, msn, ICQ, AOL, IRC. • Amazon SQS for messaging queueing - send messages to your users through other transports • REST endpoints • Server starts the communication. This is done over another transport, internal satellite (thrane & thrane) and sends a go when the client can establish a connection. • Make your client seem present without having a session yet (strange but usable). Used for satellite comm because of latency. • YouSee.. disconnect after a number of sessions.
- 30. X M PP V S D I A L ( C H R O M E C A S T ) • DIAL protocol (by Netflix) is a small subset of XMPP and can’t really be compared (i’ll do it anyway) :-) - used for multiscreen / second screen only! • DIAL is a simple REST service which is fine! - can do discovery of a DIAL enabled device (multicast to google) and startup a browser and a URL - thats it! • You have to sign registry to control the 1’st screen app in DIAL • SILOED! - DO a multicast to google (dependent on 3’rd party vendor) • DIAL lacks security • DIAL offers no form of pairing and authentication • Needs to be on the same network • DIAL have no means of presence • Chromecast implementation - • The registry is entirely up to Google. Sign with the devil! • Offers Netflix and YouTube on a stick - works.
- 31. < T HE E N D / > . . • Contact me at • Email/XMPP: slarsen@braintrust.dk • Twitter: @zooldk • LinkedIn: http://dk.linkedin.com/in/zooldk ! • Illustrations by Adrian Teh (Too lazy to draw my self..)
- 32. L I NK S U M M A RY • XMPP standard foundation: http://xmpp.org • Server list: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/servers/ • Client list: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/clients/ • Libraries: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/libraries/