The document discusses the concept of biodiversity, its significance, and the threats it faces, particularly in India, which boasts a rich variety of life forms. It outlines the Biological Diversity Act of 2002, highlighting its objectives of conservation, sustainable use, and equitable sharing of benefits, alongside the roles of various bodies in its implementation. Additionally, the document addresses challenges in biodiversity conservation and stresses the need for public awareness and collaboration among sectors to address these issues.

1. Ginyard International Co.
Presented by
Rishikar
Dhanraj
Manvitha
BIODIVERSITY ACT,2002

2. INTRODUCTION:
What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms
on Earth, including plants, animals, fungi,
and microorganisms, and the ecosystems
they form.
It encompasses three key components:
Genetic Diversity: Variation in genes
within species.
Species Diversity: Variety of species
within a habitat.
Ecosystem Diversity: Variety of
ecosystems in a geographical area.

3. IMPORTANCE
Ecosystem Services: Biodiversity provides
essential services like pollination of crops, water
purification, nutrient cycling, climate regulation,
and soil fertility.
Economic Value: Natural resources support
agriculture, forestry, fisheries, tourism, and the
pharmaceutical industry. Many medicines are
derived from plant and animal species.
Cultural and Aesthetic Value: Biodiversity plays
an important role in cultural traditions, spiritual
practices, and provides recreational value.
Resilience: A diverse ecosystem is more resilient to
natural disasters, diseases, and climate change.

4. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY:
01
Habitat Destruction:
Urbanization, deforestation,
agriculture expansion.
02 03 04
Pollution:
Air, water, and soil
pollution affecting
ecosystems.
Climate Change:
Changing weather patterns,
rising temperatures, and
extreme weather events
disrupt ecosystems.
Overexploitation:
Overfishing, hunting, and
deforestation &
introduction of non-native
species disrupting native
habitats.

5. INDIA’S BIODIVERSITY
India is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world,
housing:
-Over “45,000 species of plants”.
- More than “91,000 species of animals”, including
numerous endemic species.
- “Hotspots”: The Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas,
Indo-Burma region, and Sundaland are considered
biodiversity hotspots.
- India ranks 7th in terms of plant species and 8th for
animal species globally.
A Global Perspective

6. OBJECTIVES
01
Conservation of Biodiversity:
Protects India's rich flora, fauna,
and ecosystems.
02
Sustainable Use:
Balances resource
exploitation with future
availability.
03
Equitable Benefit Sharing:
Ensures that benefits
derived from biodiversity are
shared with local
communities

7. Structure Of Biological
Diversity Act
National Biodiversity Authority (NBA):
Responsible for overseeing the implementation
of the Act, granting approvals for accessing
biological resources, and ensuring compliance.
01
State Biodiversity Boards
(SBBs): These boards
function at the state level to
conserve biodiversity within
the states and collaborate
with the NBA.
02
Biodiversity Management
Committees (BMCs): Local
bodies formed at the village
or municipal level to
conserve biodiversity and
document local biodiversity.
03

8. ECOSYSTEM
CORAL REEFS
KEY INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD): Adopted in 1992 at the Earth
Summit in Rio de Janeiro, it aims to
conserve biodiversity, ensure its
sustainable use, and fairly share the
benefits arising from genetic resources.
Kyoto Protocol: An international treaty to
combat climate change, which indirectly
impacts biodiversity conservation.
CITES (Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species): Regulates
the international trade of endangered
species to prevent over-exploitation.

9. Provisions of Biological
Diversity Act,2002
Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS):
The Act mandates that access to biological
resources and associated knowledge must
regulated and that the benefits from their
use should be shared with local
communities.
Conservation and Sustainable Use: The
Act encourages the sustainable use of
biological resources and the conservation of
biodiversity at all levels.
Traditional Knowledge: Protection of
traditional knowledge associated with
biological resources to prevent bio-piracy
and exploitation.

10. National Biodiversity Action Plan
The National Biodiversity Action Plan was developed to implement the objectives of the Biological
Diversity Act. It focuses on: a) Conservation of Species and Ecosystems. b)Promotion of Sustainable Use
of biological resources. c)Creation of Awareness about biodiversity and its importance.d) Involvement of
Local Communities in biodiversity conservation efforts

11. OTHER KEY ENVIRONMENTAL
LEGISLATIONS:
1. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972:
Provides for the protection of wildlife and their
habitats. It designates protected areas and defines
offenses related to wildlife protection.
2. Forest Conservation Act, 1980:
Regulates the diversion of forest land for non-
forest purposes and prevents deforestation.
3. Environment Protection Act, 1986:
Provides a framework for protecting and
improving environmental quality and control of
pollution.
4. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981:
Focuses on controlling air pollution and its effects
on ecosystems and biodiversity

12. Role Of State Govt.
State Biodiversity Boards
(SBBs): State-level bodies
that ensure the enforcement
of the Biological Diversity
Act.
Biodiversity Management
Committees (BMCs): Local-
level bodies tasked with
conservation of biodiversity,
including documentation and
sustainable management of
resources.
Public Participation: The Act
emphasizes the involvement
of local communities in
decision-making processes
related to biodiversity

13. Challenges in Implementation
Lack of Awareness: Limited understanding
of the importance of biodiversity among
the public and policymakers.
Resource Constraints: Limited funding
and manpower for implementing
biodiversity conservation programs.
Inadequate Enforcement: Weak
enforcement of biodiversity laws,
especially in remote and ecologically
sensitive areas.
Conflicts Over Land Use: Tensions
between conservation and developmental
needs such as infrastructure and industrial
projects.y

14. Role of Corporate Sector In
Biodiversity Conservation:
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Many companies are investing in biodiversity
conservation as part of their CSR initiatives. Sustainable Practices: Companies are adopting
sustainable practices to minimize their impact on biodiversity, such as reducing emissions,
recycling, and sourcing materials responsiblydy

15. Strengthening Legal Frameworks: Ensuring the effective implementation of
existing laws and filling gaps in the legislative framework.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about the importance of
biodiversity and its role in ecosystem services.
Collaboration Across Sectors: Fostering collaboration between government, NGOs,
the corporate sector, and local communities.
Climate Change Adaptation: Developing strategies to address the impacts of
climate change on biodiversity.
The Way Forward For Biodiversity
Conservation in India

16. Conclusion
Biodiversity is critical to the survival of ecosystems,
human societies, and economies. It is our collective
responsibility to conserve it for future generations. While
India has a robust legal framework in place to conserve
biodiversity, challenges remain. Strengthening laws,
raising awareness, and encouraging participation from all
sectors will be crucial in ensuring the sustainability of
biodiversitydy

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